Effect of enzymatic clarifier complexes Clarex and CEC1-CTAA on the quality of banana juice

Neste trabalho foi observado o efeito dos complexos enzimáticos clarificantes Clarex e CEC1-CTAA, adicionados na proporção de 0,03% v/p sobre purê de banana (Musa cavendishii), em condições amenas de hidrólise (40oC, 15 minutos) visando determinar a qualidade, aqui representada pelos indicadores: rendimento; viscosidade; Brix; pH; composição centesimal; contagens de bolores e leveduras e de mesófilos, e propriedades sensoriais de cor, aroma, sabor e corpo dos sucos de banana clarificados. O suco clarificado com Clarex apresentou-se significativamente (p < 0,01) mais amarelo, menos cinza, menos opaco e menos viscoso do que o obtido com CEC1-CTAA. Não houve diferença significativa entre as médias de aroma de banana fresca e sabor nesses sucos. Além disso, os valores obtidos quanto a sabor, de ambos os sucos, foram considerados bons (6,72 e 6,05 com referência a sucos clarificados com Clarex e CEC1-CTAA, respectivamente), apresentando-se superiores ao centro da escala empregada, que variou de 0 a 10.The effect of the clarifier enzymatic complexes Clarex and CEC1-CTAA, used in the proportion 0.03% v/w in industrialized banana (Musa cavendishii) pulp, at the conditions of gentle hydrolysis 40 degree Celsius, 15 minutes, was observed to determine the quality here represented by indicators such as yield, viscosity, Brix, pH, centesimal composition, counts of moulds and yeasts and of mesophilics, and sensorial properties of color, aroma, flavor and body by both clarified banana juices. The juice clarified by Clarex was significantly (p < 0.01) more yellow, less grey, less opaque and less viscous than that obtained with CEC1-CTAA. There was no significant difference between the means of aroma of fresh banana and flavor in these juices. Furthermore, the values obtained for flavor for both juices were judged good (6.72 and 6.05 for the juices clarified with Clarex and CEC1- CTAA, respectively), because they were up the middle of the scale (from 0 to 10)

Assessing Lysosomal Disorders in the NGS Era: Identification of Novel Rare Variants

Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders with variable degrees of severity and a broad phenotypic spectrum, which may overlap with a number of other conditions. While individually rare, as a group LSDs affect a significant number of patients, placing an important burden on affected individuals and their families but also on national health care systems worldwide. Here, we present our results on the use of an in-house customized next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel of genes related to lysosome function as a first-line molecular test for the diagnosis of LSDs. Ultimately, our goal is to provide a fast and effective tool to screen for virtually all LSDs in a single run, thus contributing to decrease the diagnostic odyssey, accelerating the time to diagnosis. Our study enrolled a group of 23 patients with variable degrees of clinical and/or biochemical suspicion of LSD. Briefly, NGS analysis data workflow, followed by segregation analysis allowed the characterization of approximately 41% of the analyzed patients and the identification of 10 different pathogenic variants, underlying nine LSDs. Importantly, four of those variants were novel, and, when applicable, their effect over protein structure was evaluated through in silico analysis. One of the novel pathogenic variants was identified in the GM2A gene, which is associated with an ultra-rare (or misdiagnosed) LSD, the AB variant of GM2 Gangliosidosis. Overall, this case series highlights not only the major advantages of NGS-based diagnostic approaches but also, to some extent, its limitations ultimately promoting a reflection on the role of targeted panels as a primary tool for the prompt characterization of LSD patients.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pesquisa de Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and Yersinia enterocolitica em carcaças de suínos no sul do Brasil

The intensification of pig production and advances in the sanitary control of herds profoundly changed the profile of risk attributed to pork consumption. In the actual scenario, most microorganisms related to macroscopic lesions observed in the post mortem inspection are not transmitted by food, while foodborne bacteria of importance to consumer health do not cause macroscopic lesions. In Brazil, the “Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento” requested a scientific opinion on the prioritizing of pathogens potentially transmitted by unprocessed pork. After conducting a qualitative risk assessment, only Salmonella enterica was classified as of high risk to consumers. The present study was part of the validation step of the risk assessment and aimed to investigate the frequency of S. enterica, Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes and hygienic-sanitary indicators in pig carcasses of pigs rose under intensive production and slaughtered under the Federal Inspection System in three slaughterhouses located in Southern Brazil. Additionally, the antimicrobial resistance profile of the isolated pathogens was also investigated. A total of 378 carcasses were sampled by superficial sponges before the chilling step in three slaughterhouses. Samples were investigated for the presence of the three aforementioned pathogens and subjected to enumeration of Colony Formation Units (log CFU.cm-1) of total aerobic mesophiles (TAM) and Enterobacteriaceae. Salmonella strains were tested by disc diffusion test for resistance to eleven antimicrobials. There were significantly statistical differences (p<0.0001) on the median counts of both indicators between the slaughterhouses. The median of TAM was very close for Slaughterhouses A and B: 1.573 log CFU.cm-1 and 1.6014 log CFU.cm-1, respectively. While in Slaughterhouse C, a higher TAM median was detected (2.216 log CFU.cm-1). A similar profile was observed regarding to Enterobacteriaceae, and medians were calculated as follow: -0.426 log CFU.cm-1 in Slaughterhouse A; 0.2163 log CFU.cm-1 in B; and 0.633 log CFU.cm-1 in C. Regarding the pathogens investigated, L. monocytogenes was not detected and only one carcass from Slaughterhouse C was positive for Y. enterocolitica. Thus, the results suggest a very low prevalence of L. monocytogenes and Y. enterocolitica in the sampled population. A total of 65 (17.2%) carcasses were positive for S. enterica, with a difference in frequencies between slaughterhouses and slaughter days. The prevalence of Salmonella positive carcasses was higher in the Slaughterhouse C (25.4%; CI 95% 19-32%) in comparison with A (9.5%; CI 95% 9-14%) and B (18.3%; CI 95% 12-24%). There was no significantly statistical association between Enterobacteriaceae counts and Salmonella isolation on carcass surface (p=0.69). The slaughtering day, nested within the slaughterhouse, explains 31.3% of Salmonella prevalence variability. S. Typhimurium (38.1%) was the most prevalent, followed by S. Infantis (30.1%). Among the 61 Salmonella strains tested for resistance to antimicrobials, 18 (31.6%) were full-susceptible. No strain displayed resistance to azithromycin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime and meropenem. The highest resistance frequency was displayed to tetracycline (54.1%), followed by ampicillin (50.82%), nalidixic acid (42.62%) and chloramphenicol (42.62). Multiresistance was detected in 52.54% of the, strains. In conclusion, S. enterica is more prevalent in pre-chill pig carcasses than Y. enterocolitica and L. monocytogenes and thus should be prioritized in monitoring and control programs at slaughter. Salmonella serovars varied among slaughterhouses and present significant differences in their resistance to antimicrobials. Slaughterhouses that present higher medians of TAM or Enterobacteriaceae in a monitoring period may have higher S. enterica prevalences as well. However, there is a high variation of S. enterica prevalence among slaughter days, which cannot be always related to the hygienic indicators counts observed on a given day.A intensificação da produção de suínos e os avanços no controle sanitário dos rebanhos alterou de forma importante o perfil de risco do consumo de carne suína. No cenário atual, a maioria dos microrganismos causadores de lesões macroscópicas detectáveis na inspeção post mortem não são transmissíveis por alimentos, enquanto bactérias de importância como causadoras de doenças transmitidas por alimentos não causam lesões macroscópicas. No Brasil, o Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento solicitou uma opinião científica sobre a priorização de patógenos potencialmente transmitidos pela carne suína in natura. Após conduzir uma avaliação de risco qualitativa, apenas Salmonella enterica foi classificada como de alto risco para o consumidor. O presente estudo foi parte da etapa de validação da avaliação de risco e objetivou: investigar a frequência de S. enterica, Yersinia enterocolitica e Listeria. monocytogenes; e enumerar indicadores higiênico-sanitários em carcaças de suínos abatidos sob inspeção federal em frigoríficos dedicados ao abate de suínos sob sistema intensivo de criação no sul do Brasil. Além disso, o perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos dos patógenos isolados foi investigado. A superfície de um total de 378 carcaças foi amostrada por esponjas, na etapa de pré-resfriamento em três matadouros frigoríficos (A, B, C). As amostras foram investigadas quanto à presença dos três patógenos acima mencionados e quanto à enumeração de Unidades Formadoras de Colônia (log UFC.cm-1) de mesófilos aeróbios totais (MAT) e Enterobacteriaceae. As cepas isoladas de Salmonella foram testadas quanto à resistência a onze antimicrobianos pela técnica de disco difusão. As medianas de contagem de ambos os indicadores apresentaram diferença significativa (p<0,0001) entre matadouros-frigoríficos. A mediana de MAT foi bastante próxima para A e B (1,573 log UFC.cm-1 e 1,6014 log UFC.cm-1, respectivamente), enquanto em C uma mediana de MAT mais elevada foi determinada (2,216 log CFU.cm-1). Um perfil semelhante foi observado em relação a Enterobacteriaceae, sendo as medianas calculadas para A, B e C, respectivamente: -0,426 log CFU.cm-1; 0,2163 log UFC.cm-1; e 0,633 log UFC.cm-1. Em relação aos patógenos investigados, L. monocytogenes não foi detectada e apenas uma carcaça, do Matadouro C, foi positiva para Y. enterocolitica. Portanto, os resultados sugerem uma prevalência muito baixa desses patógenos na população amostrada. Em um total de 65 (17,2%) carcaças houve isolamento de S. enterica, com diferença nas frequências observadas entre matadouros e dias de abate. A prevalência de carcaças positivas para S. enterica foi maior no Matadouro C (25,4%; IC95% 19-32%) em comparação com A (9,5%; IC95% 9-14%) e B (18,3%; IC95% 12-24%). Não houve associação estatística entre o número de Enterobacteriaceae e o isolamento de S. enterica na superfície das carcaças (p=0,69). O dia de abate agrupado por frigorífico explica 31,3% da variação na prevalência de Salmonella. O sorovar mais frequente de S. enterica foi Typhimurium (38,1%) seguido de S. Infantis (30,1%). Entre as 61 cepas de S. enterica testadas quanto à resistência a antimicrobianos, 18 (31,6%) foram totalmente suscetíveis aos antimicrobianos testados. Nenhuma cepa apresentou resistência a azitromicina, ceftazidima, cefotaxima e meropenem. As maiores frequências de resistência foram demonstradas contra tetraciclina (54,1%), ampicilina (50,8%), ácido nalidíxico (42,62%) e cloranfenicol (42,62%). Em 52,54% das cepas foi detectada multi-resistência. Em conclusão, S. enterica é mais prevalente em carcaças suínas no pré-resfriamento do que Y. enterocolitica e L. monocytogenes. Portanto, S. enterica deve ser priorizada em programas de monitoramento e controle ao abate. Os sorovares de Salmonella variam entre matadouros e apresentam diferenças significativas na resistência a antimicrobianos. Matadouros de suínos que apresentam medianas de MAT e Enterobacteriaceae num período de monitoramento podem apresentar também prevalências mais de altas de presença de S. enterica. Entretanto, há uma alta variabilidade na frequência de S. enterica entre dias de abate, e nem sempre há relação entre essa frequência e a contagem de indicadores higiênico-sanitários determinados num determinado dia

Bullying ou conflito entre pares? Incidências, características das vítimas e impacto psicológico

Numa investigação sobre o impacto do bullying no Concelho de Viseu questionaram-se 1635 alunos do 3.º ao 12.º ano de escolaridade. Utilizou-se um questionário de autorrelato onde 9.3% referiram sentir-se vítimas e 21.6% indicaram agressões frequentes. O bullying e a agressão frequente apresentam maior incidência no 1.º ciclo e variam de forma diferenciada ao longo da escolaridade. As vítimas de bullying comparativamente com os agredidos de forma frequente apresentam maior isolamento nos intervalos, mais absentismo escolar e menor afeto positivo e bem-estar psicológico. Concluímos que o envolvimento na vitimização tem um impacto negativo, sobretudo nos alunos vítimas de bullying

Plasma fresco congelado: insumo farmacêutico para produção de medicamentos hemoderivados

Introduction: In Brazil, hemotherapy was started as a medical specialty in the 1940s in the Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo axis with the inauguration of the first Blood Bank at the Fernandes Figueira Institute. As a governmental initiative, Law n. 1,075/1950/MS, which provides for the voluntary donation of blood, was promulgated, culminating with the Law n. 10,205/2001, which regulated paragraph 4 of article 199 of the Federal Constitution, regarding collection, processing, storage, distribution and application of blood and its components. Among the components obtained in the Hemotherapy Services, we can highlight the frozen fresh plasma (FFP) that can be transfused and, when becoming a surplus of the therapy, continue to be used to produce industrialized blood products. Objective: This study intends to demonstrate the most relevant aspects regarding the recovery of factor VIII content, in the FFP units collected in 72 Hemotherapy Services visited in the country, aiming at its safe and effective use both for therapeutic use and as a pharmaceutical input in the production of blood products. Method: The methodology adopted included five steps: Elaboration and validation of the questionnaire applied; Selection of Hemotherapy Services to be visited; Analysis of quality indicators according to the Donabedian Triad; Collection, packaging and transport of FFP units; Analysis of the Factor VIII content in the FFP units collected during the technical visit during the period from 2013 to 2015. Results: Among the results obtained, it is important to highlight the concentration of factor VIII (IU/mL), in the FFP units, with the following results: mean 0.68; standard deviation 0.32; coefficient of variation 47.1%, confidence interval 0.64 to 0.71. Conclusions: factor VIII content greater than or equal to 0.70 IU/mL was found in 38.5% of FFP units, as specified in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia, which can and should be used as a pharmaceutical input in the production of blood products. It was also found a disposal of approximately 500 million IU/mL of factor VIII, which represents 83.0% of the annual acquisition by the Ministry of Health of Concentrate of factor VIII for medical uses. Such use could generate significant savings in public coffers.Introdução: No Brasil, a prática hemoterápica foi iniciada como especialidade médica, na década de 1940, no eixo Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo com a inauguração do primeiro Banco de Sangue no Instituto Fernandes Figueira. Como iniciativa governamental, foi promulgada pelo Ministério da Saúde a Lei n° 1.075, de 27 de março de 1950, que dispõe sobre a doação voluntária de sangue, culminando com a Lei nº 10.205, de 21 de março de 2001, que regulamentou o parágrafo 4º do artigo 199 da Constituição Federal, relativo à coleta, processamento, estocagem, distribuição e aplicação do sangue e seus componentes. Dentre os componentes obtidos nos Serviços de Hemoterapia destaca-se o plasma fresco congelado (PFC) que pode ser transfundido e quando excedente da terapia, seguir para ser beneficiado a medicamentos hemoderivados industrializados. Objetivo: Desta forma, este estudo pretende demonstrar os aspectos mais relevantes relativos à recuperação do teor de fator VIII, nas unidades de PFC coletadas em 72 Serviços de Hemoterapia visitados no país, visando seu aproveitamento seguro e eficaz tanto para o uso terapêutico, quanto como insumo farmacêutico na produção de medicamentos hemoderivados. Método: A metodologia adotada compreendeu cinco etapas: Elaboração e validação do questionário aplicado; Seleção dos Serviços de Hemoterapia a serem visitados; Análise dos indicadores de qualidade segundo a Tríade de Donabedian; Coleta, acondicionamento e transporte das unidades de PFC; Análise do teor de fator VIII nas unidades de PFC coletadas durante a visita técnica, no período de 2013 a 2015. Resultados: Dentre os resultados obtidos, destaca-se a análise do teor de fator VIII (UI/mL) nas unidades de PFC, com os seguintes resultados: média de 0,68; desvio-padrão de 0,32; coeficiente de variação de 47,1%, intervalo de confiança de 0,64 a 0,71. Conclusões: O teor de fator VIII superior ou igual a 0,70 UI/mL foi encontrado em 38,5% das unidades de PFC, conforme especificado na Farmacopeia Brasileira e esses podem e devem ser utilizados como insumo farmacêutico na produção de medicamentos hemoderivados. Este estudo também evidenciou o descarte de aproximadamente 500 milhões de UI/mL de fator VIII o que representa 83,0% da aquisição anual, pelo Ministério da Saúde, do medicamento Concentrado de fator VIII. Essa utilização poderia gerar uma expressiva economia aos cofres públicos

Nota técnica referente à construção do dique de contenção no Pontal da Barra – Laranjal (Pelotas, RS)

Não apresenta.Sem bols

Traumatic brain injury in England and Wales: prospective audit of epidemiology, complications and standardised mortality.

OBJECTIVES: To provide a comprehensive assessment of the management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) relating to epidemiology, complications and standardised mortality across specialist units. DESIGN: The Trauma Audit and Research Network collects data prospectively on patients suffering trauma across England and Wales. We analysed all data collected on patients with TBI between April 2014 and June 2015. SETTING: Data were collected on patients presenting to emergency departments across 187 hospitals including 26 with specialist neurosurgical services, incorporating factors previously identified in the Ps14 multivariate logistic regression (Ps14n) model multivariate TBI outcome prediction model. The frequency and timing of secondary transfer to neurosurgical centres was assessed. RESULTS: We identified 15 820 patients with TBI presenting to neurosurgical centres directly (6258), transferred from a district hospital to a neurosurgical centre (3682) and remaining in a district general hospital (5880). The commonest mechanisms of injury were falls in the elderly and road traffic collisions in the young, which were more likely to present in coma. In severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) ≤8), the median time from admission to imaging with CT scan is 0.5 hours. Median time to craniotomy from admission is 2.6 hours and median time to intracranial pressure monitoring is 3 hours. The most frequently documented complication of severe TBI is bronchopneumonia in 5% of patients. Risk-adjusted W scores derived from the Ps14n model indicate that no neurosurgical unit fell outside the 3 SD limits on a funnel plot. CONCLUSIONS: We provide the first comprehensive report of the management of TBI in England and Wales, including data from all neurosurgical units. These data provide transparency and suggests equity of access to high-quality TBI management provided in England and Wales.AH is supported by the University of Cambridge, UK and Medical Research Council/Royal College of Surgeons of England Clinical Research Training Fellowship (Grant no. G0802251). P.J.H. is supported by National Institute for Health Research Professorship, Academy of Medical Sciences/Health Foundation Senior Surgical Scientist Fellowship and the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from the BMJ Publishing Group. via https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016- 01219

Programa educativo em medidas de precaução universais: uma metodologia de abordagem

An updating program on measures of universal precautions (M.U.P.) was developed at the Center of Whole Care of Woman's Health (Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher - CAISM). These measures and the procedures in the case of work accident were published in a booklet. First, servants should be aware of the matter of stress and its influence on the quality of life. Then, updating was carried through encouraging the reflection on the consequences of the non-adoption of M.U.P. The answers to 286 pre-tests and 242 post-tests were analyzed and the results showed a significantly higher index of correct answers (p< 0,01), mainly regarding the appropriate use of glove.El Centro de Atención Integral a la Salud de la Mujer (CAISM) desarrolló un programa de reciclaje sobre Medidas de Precaución Universales (MPU). Se divulgó por medio de un material educativo (cartilla) las MPU y procedimientos en caso de accidentes de trabajo. En primer lugar se cuestionó al funcionário sobre el stress y su influencia en la calidad de vida, llevando se a cabo el reciclaje en el cual se promovió la reflexión sobre consecuencias cuando las MPU no son adoptadas. Fueron respondidas y analizadas 286 pre-test y 242 pos-test con un índice de acierto significativamente mayor en este último (p < 0,01), principalmente con relación al uso adecuado de los guantes.No Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher (CAISM) desenvolveu-se um programa de reciclagem sobre as Medidas de Precaução Universais (MPU) e divulgou-se, através de uma cartilha, essas medidas e os procedimentos em caso de acidente de trabalho. Primeiramente, o funcionário era sensibilizado para a questão do estresse e sua influência sobre a qualidade de vida e, após, era realizada a reciclagem promovendo-se a reflexão sobre as conseqüências da não adoção das MPU. Foram respondidos e analisados 286 pré-testes e 242 pós-testes com um índice de acertos significativamente maior nestes últimos (

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio