Marketing ethics and social responsibility

understand the importance of ethics in marketing decision making, it is necessary to examine factors that influence ethical decision. These are: personal moral philosophy, organizational relationships and opportunities. They are intertwined in determining ethical decisions in marketing

Application of mathematical models to optimization of the methane fermentation of fowl dung

We applied mathematical modeling to the optimization of the methane fermentation of dung obtained from the breeding of farm animals in preceding research we carried out/Baykov, 1987, Baykov & Tyravska, 1991/. In the last few years compost is of greater interest as a resource for increasing soil fertility. The conducted research /Baykov, 1987/ indicates that the compost, obtained from the methane fermentation of fowl dung, is a source of biogenic chemical elements in optimal proportions. In the Ordinance for the organic production of plants /Ordinance №22/2001 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry/ it is stated that the manure that can be used is produced from just a few farms. These are the reasons to carry out a research on optimizing the methane fermentation for a little farm, breeding 5000 laying hens without any litter, by applying mathematical modeling

TBVAC2020: Advancing tuberculosis vaccines from discovery to clinical development

TBVAC2020 is a research project supported by the Horizon 2020 program of the European Commission (EC). It aims at the discovery and development of novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccines from preclinical research projects to early clinical assessment. The project builds on previous collaborations from 1998 onwards funded through the EC framework programs FP5, FP6, and FP7. It has succeeded in attracting new partners from outstanding laboratories from all over the world, now totaling 40 institutions. Next to the development of novel vaccines, TB biomarker development is also considered an important asset to facilitate rational vaccine selection and development. In addition, TBVAC2020 offers portfolio management that provides selection criteria for entry, gating, and priority settings of novel vaccines at an early developmental stage. The TBVAC2020 consortium coordinated by TBVI facilitates collaboration and early data sharing between partners with the common aim of working toward the development of an effective TB vaccine. Close links with funders and other consortia with shared interests further contribute to this goal

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world

Funding sources - structure and values

The ratio between own and borrowed capital characterizes the level of financial risk for the company. The interest-related costs are treated differently from tax regulators, it appears that attracting the same amount of funds but from different sources may cost the company differently. The concept of capital value is one of the basics in the theory of capital. It is not limited to calculating the relative magnitude of payments to be made to its owners providing financial resources but also characterizing the level of profitability of the invested capital that the firm must provide in order not to lower its market value . Each of these sources has a different value, but the logic of its formation is the same, and in its most general form it can be described with the well-known model of the balance between supply and demand of financial resources of a given type

Some new phenomena and processes in the management and regulation the modern international economic relations

The analysis of international economic relations in the process of globalization shows that by their nature they develop less influenced by the availability of individual countries with resources and markets, as under the influence of a policy of governments and international organizations. Member actively participates in the development of foreign economic activity, primarily through targeted impact on certain areas and objects of this activity. Especially strong and diversely influenced most developed countries. For this reason, each meeting of the Group of the biggest political and economic forces in the world is increasingly accompanied by rising protests