Confiabilidade interobservador da Classificação Internacional de Cuidados Primários

OBJETIVO: A Classificação Internacional de Cuidados Primários foi desenvolvida para suprir as limitações da Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde, 10ª revisão, quando aplicada na atenção primária de saúde. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a confiabilidade interobservador da Classificação Internacional de Cuidados Primários na codificação dos motivos de saúde para interrupção de atividades habituais. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados dados relativos a 801 participantes da Fase 2 (2001) do Estudo Pró Saúde, realizado com funcionários de uma universidade localizada no estado do Rio de Janeiro, que afirmaram ter ficado impedidos de realizar alguma de suas atividades habituais (trabalho, estudo ou lazer) por motivo de saúde nas duas semanas anteriores à coleta dos dados. Os motivos de saúde relatados em resposta à pergunta aberta foram codificados de maneira independente por duas classificadoras. A confiabilidade interobservador em relação ao número de motivos foi avaliada por meio do coeficiente kappa ponderado; para as demais análises (capítulos e códigos completos), empregou-se o coeficiente kappa simples. RESULTADOS: Foram codificados 1641 motivos pela primeira classificadora e 1629 pela segunda. A confiablidade interobservador em relação ao número de motivos codificados foi substancial (kappa ponderado=0,94; IC 95%: 0,93;0,94). Em relação aos códigos de capítulos e os códigos completos, foram encontradas confiabilidade substancial (kappa= 0,89; IC 95%: 0,88;0,90) e moderada (0,76; IC 95%: 0,76;0,78), respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem que a Classificação Internacional de Cuidados Primários é adequada para a codificação dos motivos de saúde na interrupção de atividades habituais

Confiabilidade interobservador da Classificação Internacional de Cuidados Primários

OBJECTIVE: The International Classification of Primary Care was developed as an attempt to overcome the limitations of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision, when used for primary health care. The aim of the study was to evaluate the interobserver reliability of the International Classification for Primary Care when coding reasons for health-related interruption of daily activities. METHODS: Data analyzed pertained to 801 subjects from Phase 2 of the Pró-Saúde Study, involving the employees of a Rio de Janeiro university who reported having been prevented from carrying out any of their usual activities (work, study, or leisure) for health-related reasons in the two weeks prior to data collection. Health problems reported in response to an open question were separately coded by two classifiers. Interobserver reliability with respect to number of health problems was calculated by weighted kappa; for the remaining analyses (chapters and full codes), crude kappa coefficients were used. RESULTS: A total of 1,641 health problems were coded by the first classifier, and 1,629 by the second. Interobserver reliability with respect to the number of health problems coded was substantial (weighted kappa=0.94; 95% CI: 0.93;0.94). Chapter and full codes showed substantial (kappa=0.89; 95% CI: 0.88;0.90) and moderate (0.76; 95% CI: 0.76;0.78) reliability, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the International Classification of Primary Care is adequate for the coding of health-related reasons for interruption of daily activities.OBJETIVO: A Classificação Internacional de Cuidados Primários foi desenvolvida para suprir as limitações da Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde, 10ª revisão, quando aplicada na atenção primária de saúde. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a confiabilidade interobservador da Classificação Internacional de Cuidados Primários na codificação dos motivos de saúde para interrupção de atividades habituais. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados dados relativos a 801 participantes da Fase 2 (2001) do Estudo Pró Saúde, realizado com funcionários de uma universidade localizada no estado do Rio de Janeiro, que afirmaram ter ficado impedidos de realizar alguma de suas atividades habituais (trabalho, estudo ou lazer) por motivo de saúde nas duas semanas anteriores à coleta dos dados. Os motivos de saúde relatados em resposta à pergunta aberta foram codificados de maneira independente por duas classificadoras. A confiabilidade interobservador em relação ao número de motivos foi avaliada por meio do coeficiente kappa ponderado; para as demais análises (capítulos e códigos completos), empregou-se o coeficiente kappa simples. RESULTADOS: Foram codificados 1641 motivos pela primeira classificadora e 1629 pela segunda. A confiablidade interobservador em relação ao número de motivos codificados foi substancial (kappa ponderado=0,94; IC 95%: 0,93;0,94). Em relação aos códigos de capítulos e os códigos completos, foram encontradas confiabilidade substancial (kappa= 0,89; IC 95%: 0,88;0,90) e moderada (0,76; IC 95%: 0,76;0,78), respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem que a Classificação Internacional de Cuidados Primários é adequada para a codificação dos motivos de saúde na interrupção de atividades habituais

The Prevalence of Adenoid Hypertrophy among Children with Zika Related Microcephaly.

Upper respiratory obstruction is a common sequela in children with Zika-related microcephaly (ZRM). As a cross-sectional analysis nested in a cohort study, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy (AH) in children with ZRM and symptoms of respiratory obstruction. The data were collected in the first three years of life from children with ZRM who were followed in two reference centers for otorhinolaryngological care of patients with congenital Zika syndrome. Out of 92 children with confirmed ZRM, 57 were evaluated by nasopharyngoscopy after presenting with upper respiratory obstruction symptoms. In this study, 31 of the 57 (54%) children with ZRM who were evaluated had obstructive AH. Thirteen children with obstructive AH were submitted to surgery, which resulted in the complete resolution of symptoms for 11, partial resolution in 1, and no improvement in 1. No evidence of direct involvement by Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the adenoid tissues was demonstrated by histology or immunohistochemistry. Our results suggest that there is a high prevalence and early presentation of AH in children with ZRM, with consequent upper airway obstruction causing upper airway obstructive disorder, secretory otitis media, and dysphagia

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Azole-Resistance in Aspergillus terreus and Related Species: An Emerging Problem or a Rare Phenomenon?

Raquel Sabino was not included as an author in the published article. It was corrected a posteriori.Erratum in - Corrigendum: Azole-Resistance in Aspergillus terreus and Related Species: An Emerging Problem or a Rare Phenomenon? [Front Microbiol. 2018] Front Microbiol. 2019 Jan 14;9:3245. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03245. eCollection 2018.Disponível em: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2018.03245/fullFree PMC Article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5882871/ | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6340063/Objectives: Invasive mold infections associated with Aspergillus species are a significant cause of mortality in immunocompromised patients. The most frequently occurring aetiological pathogens are members of the Aspergillus section Fumigati followed by members of the section Terrei. The frequency of Aspergillus terreus and related (cryptic) species in clinical specimens, as well as the percentage of azole-resistant strains remains to be studied. Methods: A global set (n = 498) of A. terreus and phenotypically related isolates was molecularly identified (beta-tubulin), tested for antifungal susceptibility against posaconazole, voriconazole, and itraconazole, and resistant phenotypes were correlated with point mutations in the cyp51A gene. Results: The majority of isolates was identified as A. terreus (86.8%), followed by A. citrinoterreus (8.4%), A. hortai (2.6%), A. alabamensis (1.6%), A. neoafricanus (0.2%), and A. floccosus (0.2%). One isolate failed to match a known Aspergillus sp., but was found most closely related to A. alabamensis. According to EUCAST clinical breakpoints azole resistance was detected in 5.4% of all tested isolates, 6.2% of A. terreus sensu stricto (s.s.) were posaconazole-resistant. Posaconazole resistance differed geographically and ranged from 0% in the Czech Republic, Greece, and Turkey to 13.7% in Germany. In contrast, azole resistance among cryptic species was rare 2 out of 66 isolates and was observed only in one A. citrinoterreus and one A. alabamensis isolate. The most affected amino acid position of the Cyp51A gene correlating with the posaconazole resistant phenotype was M217, which was found in the variation M217T and M217V. Conclusions:Aspergillus terreus was most prevalent, followed by A. citrinoterreus. Posaconazole was the most potent drug against A. terreus, but 5.4% of A. terreus sensu stricto showed resistance against this azole. In Austria, Germany, and the United Kingdom posaconazole-resistance in all A. terreus isolates was higher than 10%, resistance against voriconazole was rare and absent for itraconazole.This work was supported by ECMM, ISHAM, and EFISG and in part by an unrestricted research grant through the Investigator Initiated Studies Programof Astellas, MSD, and Pfizer. This study was fundet by the Christian Doppler Laboratory for invasive fungal infections.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Outcomes of cerebral venous thrombosis due to vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia after the acute phase

© 2022 American Heart Association, Inc.Background: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) due to vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a severe condition, with high in-hospital mortality rates. Here, we report clinical outcomes of patients with CVT-VITT after SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) vaccination who survived initial hospitalization. Methods: We used data from an international registry of patients who developed CVT within 28 days of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, collected until February 10, 2022. VITT diagnosis was classified based on the Pavord criteria. Outcomes were mortality, functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2), VITT relapse, new thrombosis, and bleeding events (all after discharge from initial hospitalization). Results: Of 107 CVT-VITT cases, 43 (40%) died during initial hospitalization. Of the remaining 64 patients, follow-up data were available for 60 (94%) patients (37 definite VITT, 9 probable VITT, and 14 possible VITT). Median age was 40 years and 45/60 (75%) patients were women. Median follow-up time was 150 days (interquartile range, 94–194). Two patients died during follow-up (3% [95% CI, 1%–11%). Functional independence was achieved by 53/60 (88% [95% CI, 78%–94%]) patients. No new venous or arterial thrombotic events were reported. One patient developed a major bleeding during follow-up (fatal intracerebral bleed). Conclusions: In contrast to the high mortality of CVT-VITT in the acute phase, mortality among patients who survived the initial hospitalization was low, new thrombotic events did not occur, and bleeding events were rare. Approximately 9 out of 10 CVT-VITT patients who survived the acute phase were functionally independent at follow-up.This study was funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw, grant number 10430072110005), the Dr. C.J. Vaillant Foundation, and Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa (grant TYH2022223).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio