Biotransformation of Monoterpenoids by Suspension Cultures of Lavandula angustifolia

Abstract Callus and suspension cultures of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (Lamiaceae) were established and the effect of different culture media on growth rate was investigated. Terpenoids added to suspension culture to investigate their biotransformation. All samples were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectroscopy (MS). Octan-1-ol, citronellol, linalool, borneol and geraniol were biotransformed products of octanal, citronellal, linalyl acetate, bornyl acetate and geranyl acetate, respectively. Citronellol, linalool, borneol, and menthol didn't change by L. angustifolia suspension cultures. Blue pigment production by cultures of L. angustifolia was also studied. Ester hydrolysis and oxidation were the main reactions which occurred in biotransformation process, which may be attributed to the presence of related or bifunctional enzymes. This technique is a possible way of the production of expensive or rare compounds from cheap and plentiful substrates

نقش رؤيا در تشخيص بيماري از ديدگاه بوعلي سينا و ساير حكماي طب سنتي ايران

از ديدگاه بوعلي سينا و ساير حكماي طب سنتي ايران رؤيا به عنوان يكي از علائم تشخيصي مطرح مي‌باشد، به‌طوري كه برخي از خواب‌ها از نظر پزشكي داراي اهميت بوده و در تشخيص مزاج يا بيماري كمك ‌كننده‌اند. محتويات و جزئيات رؤياي فرد مي‌تواند گوياي وضعيت خاص جسمي و رواني وي باشد. در سوءمزاج‌ها و غلبه اخلاط، هر فرد متناسب با خلطي كه در بدنش افزايش يافته خواب‌هايي با رنگ و محتواي متناسب با آن خلط مي‌بيند. به عنوان نمونه در غلبه صفرا، فرد خواب‌هايي با مضمون آتش و رنگ زرد؛ در غلبه خون، خواب‌هايي در ارتباط با خون و خونريزي و به رنگ سرخ؛ در غلبه بلغم خواب‌هايي با محتواي آب و به رنگ سفيد و در غلبه سودا خواب‌هايي با مضمون ترس و وحشت همراه تاريكي و به رنگ سياه مشاهده مي‌كند. آگاهي از محتواي خواب اشخاص با در نظر گرفتن ساير علائم آنها مي‌تواند در تشخيص افتراقي بيماري‌ها كمك‌كننده باشد. همچنين تغيير محتواي خواب در طي درمان نيز مي‌تواند گوياي تغيير وضعيت جسمي و رواني فرد بوده و پزشك را در جهت درمان درست راهنمايي نمايد و در مجموع ابن سينا و ساير پيش‌كسوتان پزشكي نياكان به منظور تشخيص باليني وضعيت سلامت و بيماري، علاوه بر علائم و نشانه‌ها از وضعيت رؤياها نيز استفاده مي‌كرده‌اند. روش كار در اين مطالعه كتابخانه­اي بوده و از كتاب قانون بوعلي سينا و شروح آن و ساير منابع طب سنتي ايران مربوط به قرون مختلف استفاده شده است.As Avicenna and other Iranian traditional medicine scientists believed in the diagnostic role of dream, dreams have been exerted to diagnose a temperament or disease for many years. Any dream content and detail indicates a particular physical and mental state of the dreamer. According to temperament, each person view different contents and colors in his dream. For example, in case of bile dominance, blood dominance, phlegm dominance, and black bile dominance, the major element of dream is fire, bleeding (excessive flow of blood), water (rains, ice, and river), and terrifying things (thundering hailstorms, dark shadows) respectively. In addition, the predominant color of the dream varies upon temperament as though the dream theme of bile dominance colors in yellow, blood dominance colors in red, phlegm dominance colors in white, and black bile dominance colors in black. Exploitation of dream contents allied with other symptoms is helpful in diagnosis of a disease. Furthermore, we can chase mental and physical state of patient by monitoring dream content changes during treatment. The method we used in this paper is based on Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine, its commentaries, and other resources related to Iranian traditional medicine has been used in different centuries

Cytotoxic Effects of Five Species of Inula Against Some Tumor Cell Lines: Cytotoxicity of Inula spp

The chloroform soluble fractions of ethanolic extracts of five Inula belonging to the Compositae family were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against five different cell lines including CACO2 (human colon adenocarcinoma), MCF7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), HEPG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), VERO (green African monkey kidney) and WEHI164 (balb c mouse fibrosarcoma). Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay. Among these five species, Inula oculus christi, exhibited better cytotoxic effects

The Cytotoxic Effects of Ferula Persica var. Persica and Ferula Hezarlalehzarica against HepG2, A549, HT29, MCF7 and MDBK Cell Lines: Cytotoxicity of Ferula species

Cancers belong to a group of disorders which are very important for researchers. Because they have several types and cause mortality in human beings. Many investigations are performing in order to introduce cheaper drugs with lower side effects especially with natural sources. Ferula genus grows all over the world but some of them are endemic to Iran. Many investigations have proved different biological activity of these plants. It has been established that some Ferula species have cytotoxic activity. In the present study, cytotoxic effects of F. persica var. persica and F. hezarlalezarica which are endemic to Iran have been evaluated against tumor cell lines MCF7, HepG2, HT29, A549, and a normal cell line MDBK using MTT method. Total extracts of the plants aerial parts were prepared by 80% methanol and maceration method. Different fractions of the plants were obtained using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, pure or 50% methanol. Total extracts and different fractions were used for MTT assay. The results showed that among theexamined samples, only hexane and chloroform fractions of the plants had cytotoxic effects up to concentration of 100 μg/ml. So that, extracts of F. persica var. persica were more cytotoxic than F. hezarlalezarica (IC50s, 22.3-71.8 μg/ml for F. persica var. persica and 76.7-105.3 μg/ml for F. hezarlalehzarica). It seems that both plants are suitable for further investigations in cancer researches

Biotransformation of Monoterpenoids by Suspension Cultures ofLavandula angustifolia: Monoterpenoid biotransformation

Callus and suspension cultures of Lavandula angustifoliaMill. (Lamiaceae)were established and the effect of different culture media on growth rate wasinvestigated. Terpenoids added to suspension culture to investigate their biotrans-formation. All samples were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-massspectroscopy (MS). Octan-1-ol, citronellol, linalool, borneol and geraniol werebiotransformed products of octanal, citronellal, linalyl acetate, bornyl acetate andgeranyl acetate, respectively. Citronellol, linalool, borneol, and menthol didn'tchange by L. angustifoliasuspension cultures. Blue pigment production by culturesof L. angustifoliawas also studied. Ester hydrolysis and oxidation were the main reactions which occurred in biotransformation process, which may be attributed tothe presence of related or bifunctional enzymes. This technique is a possible wayof the production of expensive or rare compounds from cheap and plentiful substrates

کمبود اخلاط، حلقه‌ای مفقوده در تشخیص افتراقی بیماری‌ها

The human body is made of four humors and moderation in the quality and quantity of them can lead to health. If value of one or all humors is high can cause humors dominance and specific diseases related to humor and if some humor less than the amount required may cause diseases and even death. Deficiency of a humor can cause false signs and symptoms of increase the opposite humor so Deficiency of a humor is one of the most important differential diagnosis of humor dominance and if this disorder is not detected and to be treated as a conquering humor not only Improvement does not follow, but may also have undesirable side effects. This subject In Iranian traditional medicine has not been discussed in separate chapters and practitioners have referred to as distributed. This article reviewed the most important books on traditional medicine and expressed practitioner‘s belief about this subject.بدن انسان از اخلاط اربعه به وجود آمده است و صحت بدن با اعتدال اخلاط در کیفیت و کمیت محقق می‌شود. اگر یک یا همه اخلاط در کمیت زیاد باشند موجب امتلا و بیماری‌های خاص خلط مربوط می‌گردند و چنانچه بعضی از اخلاط از آنچه که مورد نیاز است کمتر باشند موجب بیماری و چه بسا مرگ می‌شوند. کمبود یک خلط می‌تواند به‌صورت کاذب موجب بروز علایم افزایش خلط مقابل گردد و در صورتی که این اختلال تشخیص داده نشده و به‌عنوان غلبه خلط تحت درمان قرار گیرد نه تنها بهبودی حاصل نمی‌گردد بلکه ممکن است عوارض نامطلوبی را نیز به‌دنبال داشته باشد. در کتاب‌های طب سنتی ایران کمبود اخلاط در فصل مستقلی مورد بحث واقع نشده است و حکما به صورت پراکنده به این مطلب اشاره کرده‌اند. به همین سبب با جستجو در متون اصلی طب سنتی دیدگاه حکما بررسی و تبیین گردید