14,851 research outputs found
End spaces of graphs are normal
We show that the topological space of any infinite graph and its ends is
normal. In particular, end spaces themselves are normal.Comment: 8 page
The effect of spatial frequency on peripheral collinear facilitation
The detection of a Gabor patch (target) can be decreased or improved by the presence of co-oriented Gabor patches (flankers) having the same spatial frequency as the target. These phenomena are thought to be mediated by lateral interactions. Depending on the distance between target and flankers, commonly defined as a multiple of the wavelength (λ) of the carrier, flankers can increase or decrease a target's detectability. Studies with foveal presentation showed that for target-to-flankers distances 3λ contrast thresholds decrease. Earlier studies on collinear facilitation at the near-periphery of the visual field (4° of eccentricity) showed inconsistent facilitation (Shani & Sagi, 2005, Vision Research, 45, 2009-2024) whereas more recent studies showed consistent facilitation for larger separations (7-8λ) (Maniglia et al., 2011, PLoS ONE, 6, e25568; Lev & Polat, 2011, Vision Research, 51, 2488-2498). However, all of these studies used medium-to-high spatial frequencies (3-8cpd). In this study we tested lower spatial frequencies (1, 2, and 3cpd) with different target-to-flankers distances. The rationale was that near-peripheral vision is tuned for lower spatial frequencies and this could be reflected in collinear facilitation. Results show consistent collinear facilitation at 8λ for all the spatial frequencies tested, but also show collinear facilitation at shorter target-to-flanker distance (6λ) for the lowest spatial frequencies tested (1cpd). Additionally, collinear facilitation decreases as spatial frequency increases; opposite to the findings of Polat (2009, Spatial Vision, 22, 179-193) in the fovea, indicating a different spatial frequency tuning between foveal and peripheral lateral interactions
Dynamic phase transitions in a ferromagnetic thin film system: A Monte Carlo simulation study
Dynamic phase transition properties of ferromagnetic thin film system under
the influence both bias and time dependent magnetic fields have been elucidated
by means of kinetic Monte Carlo simulation with local spin update Metropolis
algorithm. The obtained results after a detailed analysis suggest that bias
field is the conjugate field to dynamic order parameter, and it also appears to
define a phase line between two antiparallel dynamic ordered states depending
on the considered system parameters. Moreover, the data presented in this study
well qualitatively reproduce the recently published experimental findings where
time dependent magnetic behavior of a uniaxial cobalt films is studied in the
neighborhood of dynamic phase transition point.Comment: 15 pages, 5 Figure
Nonequilibrium dynamics of a spin-3/2 Blume Capel model with quenched random crystal field
The relaxation and complex magnetic susceptibility treatments of a spin-3/2
Blume-Capel model with quenched random crystal field on a two dimensional
square lattice are investigated by a method combining the statistical
equilibrium theory and the thermodynamics of linear irreversible processes.
Generalized force and flux are defined in irreversible thermodynamics limit.
The kinetic equation for the magnetization is obtained by using linear response
theory. Temperature and also crystal field dependencies of the relaxation time
are obtained in the vicinity of phase transition points. We found that the
relaxation time exhibits divergent treatment near the order-disorder phase
transition point as well as near the isolated critical point whereas it
displays cusp behavior near the first order phase transition point. In
addition, much effort has been devoted to investigation of complex magnetic
susceptibility response of the system to changing applied field frequencies and
it is observed that the considered disordered magnetic system exhibits unusual
and interesting behaviors. Furthermore, dynamical mean field critical exponents
for the relaxation time and complex magnetic susceptibility are calculated in
order to formulate the critical behavior of the system. Finally, a comparison
of our observations with those of recently published studies is represented and
it is shown that there exists a qualitatively good agreement.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure
Nonequilibrium dynamics of a mixed spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 Ising ferrimagnetic system with a time dependent oscillating magnetic field source
Nonequilibrium phase transition properties of a mixed Ising ferrimagnetic
model consisting of spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 on a square lattice under the
existence of a time dependent oscillating magnetic field have been investigated
by making use of Monte Carlo simulations with single-spin flip Metropolis
algorithm. A complete picture of dynamic phase boundary and magnetization
profiles have been illustrated and the conditions of a dynamic compensation
behavior have been discussed in detail. According to our simulation results,
the considered system does not point out a dynamic compensation behavior, when
it only includes the nearest-neighbor interaction, single-ion anisotropy and an
oscillating magnetic field source. As the next-nearest-neighbor interaction
between the spins-1/2 takes into account and exceeds a characteristic value
which sensitively depends upon values of single-ion anisotropy and only of
amplitude of external magnetic field, a dynamic compensation behavior occurs in
the system. Finally, it is reported that it has not been found any evidence of
dynamically first-order phase transition between dynamically ordered and
disordered phases, which conflicts with the recently published molecular field
investigation, for a wide range of selected system parameters.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure
Development of organic animal production in Turkey
Turkey is located at a point where the three continents are making up the old world. Europe, Asia and Africa are close to each other thus, making it is a pre-eminent centre of commerce for centuries. Turkey’s surface area is 814,578 sq km of which 790,200 sq km are in Asia (Anatolia) and 24.378 sq km are in Europe. Turkey is divided into seven regions (Ege, Marmara, Blacksea, Mediterranean, Central Anatolia, East Anatolia and South East Anatolia Regions). The prevailing climate in Turkey is hot dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior. Terrain is composed of mostly mountains, narrow coastal plains and high central plateau. Because of its geographical conditions, the mainland of Anatolia has been
found as favourable location for settlement throughout history. Turkey has a suitable position for organic agriculture because of its different ecosystems and rich biodiversity. In addition to this, about 40 % population are engaged in agriculture. Total cultivated agricultural area is estimated to be 22,156,234 hectares. Currently, only 103,190 hectares of total agricultural area is in use for organic farming (~0.5% of agricultural land). The aim of this paper is to show the development of organic farming and to determine the possibilities for the future development of organic animal production in Turkey
Pulmonary valvulotomy in a fetus with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum : first experience in Turkey
The mortality and morbidity of children with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum
(PA/IVS) is closely related with right ventricle hypoplasia and its consequent hemodynamics.
Prenatal intervention for fetuses with PA/IVS has the potential to improve growth of the RV and the
prospect of a biventricular outcome after birth. Successful valvulotomy of the pulmonary valve (PV)
was performed in a fetus with PA/IVS at 28 weeks. Following the procedure there was an
improvement in fetal hemodynamics. In utero perforation and dilation of the PV in midgestation
fetuses with PA/IVS is technically feasible. The initial results are promising and may be associated
with improved right heart growth and postnatal outcome.peer-reviewe
Macroeconomic Shocks and Labor Supply in Emerging Countries. Some Lessons from Turkey
We investigate the general equilibrium effects of minimum consumption constraints over labor supply decisions. Within a simple static model, a minimum consumption constraint modifies labor supply decisions of unskilled workers, generating the well-known added worker effect. The results of the model help to analyze the Turkish labor market where added worker effects were observed following the 2001 crisis. We investigate the asymmetric effects of the crisis, using the Household Budget Surveys that cover the period between 2002 and 2005. The substantial decrease in real wages has increased labor supply for unskilled labor, especially for women.Added worker, Taxation, Bivariate Probit, Labor Supply, Turkish Labor Market
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