Reseña de <i>The age of surveillance capitalism</i> (Hachette Book Group, 2019) de Shoshana Zubof

Numerosos autores de obras recientes han intentado responder estas preguntas; entre ellos se cuentan “The atention merchants” de Tim Wu (2016), “Capitalismo de plataformas” de Nick Srnicek (2018) o “Capital is dead: is this something worse?” de McKenzie Wark, por citar solo a los que ponen el mayor énfasis en una nueva economía centrada en los datos. Pero entre estos esfuerzos por catalizar la esencia novedosa del capitalismo actual se destaca “The age of surveillance capitalism” de la filósofa Shoshana Zuboff (2019), aún no traducido al castellano (al menos, al momento de escribir esta reseña). Esta obra brinda una narrativa comprehensiva que pivota entre la genealogía de empresas que requieren conceptos nuevos para explicar su éxito, hechos e historias que forman puntos a unir para hacer visible la gran figura, además de herramientas teóricas conocidas y otras nuevas que permitan dar cuenta de esto que, según Zuboff (y muchos otros), está ocurriendo sin hacerse evidente a primera vistaFacultad de Trabajo Socia

Reseña de The age of surveillance capitalism (Hachette Book Group, 2019) de Shoshana Zuboff

Numerosos autores de obras recientes han intentado responder estas preguntas; entre ellos se cuentan “The atention merchants” de Tim Wu (2016), “Capitalismo de plataformas” de Nick Srnicek (2018) o “Capital is dead: is this something worse?” de McKenzie Wark, por citar solo a los que ponen el mayor énfasis en una nueva economía centrada en los datos. Pero entre estos esfuerzos por catalizar la esencia novedosa del capitalismo actual se destaca “The age of surveillance capitalism” de la filósofa Shoshana Zuboff (2019), aún no traducido al castellano (al menos, al momento de escribir esta reseña). Esta obra brinda una narrativa comprehensiva que pivota entre la genealogía de empresas que requieren conceptos nuevos para explicar su éxito, hechos e historias que forman puntos a unir para hacer visible la gran figura, además de herramientas teóricas conocidas y otras nuevas que permitan dar cuenta de esto que, según Zuboff (y muchos otros), está ocurriendo sin hacerse evidente a primera vistaFacultad de Trabajo Socia

Mercados de trabalho digitais na economia de plataforma

The so-called “sharing economy” is a much-debated topic. Uber, Airbnb, Helpling and many other platform-based business models want to “disrupt” industries that they portray as “ossified” and user-unfriendly. The contenders claim to create new services that are more flexible and cost-efficient. And indeed, the new platforms, which serve as an intermediary between supply and demand, have many valuable contributions to offer. Nevertheless, the new platforms are increasingly beset by criticism. Usually they rely on a workforce of independent contractors, who work on their own account and at their own risk, for low wages and without social security. Neither the platform providers nor their clients take on the role and responsibilities of an employer. Labour laws, worker protection, health and safety regulations, quality of work and social security contributions mostly fall to the responsibility of the independent contractors alone, who are also not entitled to the kind of workers’ participation common in other sectors. The clients of the platforms essentially gain access to an on-demand workforce, while the independent contractors who provide the labour are subject to precarious working conditions. Against this background, the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) decided to have a closer look at platform-based digital business models and their implications for the economy and for society. While digital platforms have come to play a role in many branches of the economy, the present publication is focussed on the socio-politically most contested ones, namely digital labour platforms. The study explains the basic mechanisms of three-sided digital labour markets and compares its variants and subcategories. It also explains the specific features and challenges of the different categories and pro-poses starting points for political measures.La llamada “economía colaborativa” es un tema muy debatido. Uber, Airbnb, Helpling y muchos otros modelos de negocios basados en plataformas buscan “trastocar” aquellas industrias que describen como “anquilosadas” y poco amigables para el usuario. Estos jugadores afirman estar creando nuevos servicios más flexibles y rentables. En efecto, las nuevas plataformas que sirven como intermediarias entre la oferta y la demanda, tienen muchas contribuciones valiosas para ofrecer.Sin embargo, las nuevas plataformas se encuentran cada vez más asediadas por las críticas. Por lo general, estas dependen de una fuerza laboral conformada por trabajadores independientes [independent contractors], que trabajan por cuenta propia y bajo su propio riesgo, por salarios bajos y sin ningún tipo de seguridad social. En este sentido, ni los proveedores de la plataforma ni sus clientes asumen el papel y las responsabilidades de un empleador.Las leyes laborales, la protección de los trabajadores, las normas de salud y seguridad, la calidad del trabajo y las cargas sociales recaen principalmente sobre los trabajadores, quienes tampoco tienen derecho al tipo de participación común en otros sectores. Los clientes de las plataformas obtienen acceso a una fuerza laboral a demanda [on-demand], mientras que los trabajadores que proveen la mano de obra están sujetos a condiciones laborales precarias.En este contexto, la Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) decidió examinar más de cerca los modelos de negocio digitales basados en plataformas y sus implicancias para la economía y la sociedad. Si bien las plataformas digitales han llegado a desempeñar un rol relevante en muchas ramas de la economía, la presente publicación se centra en las más controvertidas sociopolíticamente, es decir, las plataformas de trabajo digital [digital labour platforms]. El estudio explica los mecanismos básicos de las tres caras de los mercados de trabajo digital y compara sus variantes y subcategorías. También explica las características específicas y los desafíos de las diferentes categorías y propone puntos de partida para la toma de decisiones políticas.A chamada “economia compartilhada” é um tema muito debatido. Uber, Airbnb, Helpling e muitos outros modelos de negócios baseados em plataforma querem “perturbar” setores que eles retratam como “ossificados” e hostis ao usuário. Os concorrentes pretendem criar novos serviços mais flexíveis e econômicos. E, de fato, as novas plataformas, que servem como intermediárias entre a oferta e a demanda, têm muitas contribuições valiosas a oferecer. No entanto, as novas plataformas são cada vez mais assediadas por críticas. Normalmente contam com uma força de trabalho de contratados independentes, que trabalham por conta própria e por sua conta e risco, com baixos salários e sem seguridade social. Nem os fornecedores de plataforma nem seus clientes assumem o papel e as responsabilidades de um empregador. As leis trabalhistas, a proteção do trabalhador, os regulamentos de saúde e segurança, a qualidade do trabalho e as contribuições para a seguridade social recaem principalmente sobre a responsabilidade dos contratantes independentes, que também não têm direito ao tipo de participação dos trabalhadores comum em outros setores. Os clientes das plataformas têm essencialmente acesso a mão-de-obra on-demand, enquanto os autônomos que fornecem a mão-de-obra estão sujeitos a condições de trabalho precárias. Neste contexto, a Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) decidiu examinar mais de perto os modelos de negócios digitais baseados em plataformas e suas implicações para a economia e a sociedade. Embora as plataformas digitais tenham vindo a desempenhar um papel em muitos ramos da economia, a presente publicação centra-se nos mais contestados sócio-politicamente, nomeadamente as plataformas digitais de trabalho. O estudo explica os mecanismos básicos dos mercados de trabalho digitais de três lados e compara suas variantes e subcategorias. Também explica as características específicas e os desafios das diferentes categorias e propõe pontos de partida para medidas políticas

Elementos de historia de la ciencia

Astronomía y física en Platón / Pablo Melogno -- Ciencia y método en Aristóteles / Elena Diez de la Cortina Montemayor -- Los elementos de Euclides y el desarrollo de la matemática griega / Pablo Melogno -- La teoría planetaria de Claudio Ptolomeo / Christián C. Carmen -- Ciencia y filosofía en la Edad Media : la disputa entre razón y fe / Margarita Santana de la Cruz -- De la alquimia a la química / Soledad Esteban Santos -- Leonardo Da Vinci : un estudio de la unidad de su pensamiento y su lugar en la historia de la ciencia / Adriana Assandri -- Conceptos fundamentales de la teoría copernicana / Marina Camejo -- Galileo Galilei : evidencia experimental matemáticamente analizada en la filosofía natural de principios del siglo XVII / Godfrey Guillaumin -- J. Kepler (1571-1630) : la creatividad y el rigor en la búsqueda de la armonía del mundo / Inmaculada Perdomo Reyes -- Antonie-Laurent Lavoisier (1743?-1794) y la química del siglo XVIII / Inés Pellón González -- Darwin y el evolucionismo / José María Adrover -- El problema del V postulado y el surgimiento de las geometrías no euclidianas / Pablo Rodríguez -- Einstein y la reinvención de la física / Leonardo Moledo, Nicolás Olszevicki, Esteban Magnani -- Los inicios de la física cuántica y el problema de su interpretación / Pablo Rodríguez -- La teoría del big bang en la red del conocimiento / Hernán Miguel

An overlooked connection: serotonergic mediation of estrogen-related physiology and pathology

BACKGROUND: In humans, serotonin has typically been investigated as a neurotransmitter. However, serotonin also functions as a hormone across animal phyla, including those lacking an organized central nervous system. This hormonal action allows serotonin to have physiological consequences in systems outside the central nervous system. Fluctuations in estrogen levels over the lifespan and during ovarian cycles cause predictable changes in serotonin systems in female mammals. DISCUSSION: We hypothesize that some of the physiological effects attributed to estrogen may be a consequence of estrogen-related changes in serotonin efficacy and receptor distribution. Here, we integrate data from endocrinology, molecular biology, neuroscience, and epidemiology to propose that serotonin may mediate the effects of estrogen. In the central nervous system, estrogen influences pain transmission, headache, dizziness, nausea, and depression, all of which are known to be a consequence of serotonergic signaling. Outside of the central nervous system, estrogen produces changes in bone density, vascular function, and immune cell self-recognition and activation that are consistent with serotonin's effects. For breast cancer risk, our hypothesis predicts heretofore unexplained observations of the opposing effects of obesity pre- and post-menopause and the increase following treatment with hormone replacement therapy using medroxyprogesterone. SUMMARY: Serotonergic mediation of estrogen has important clinical implications and warrants further evaluation

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV

Search for supersymmetry in events with one lepton and multiple jets in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Measurement of the top quark mass using charged particles in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

Peer reviewe

Measurement of the Splitting Function in &ITpp &ITand Pb-Pb Collisions at root&ITsNN&IT=5.02 TeV

Data from heavy ion collisions suggest that the evolution of a parton shower is modified by interactions with the color charges in the dense partonic medium created in these collisions, but it is not known where in the shower evolution the modifications occur. The momentum ratio of the two leading partons, resolved as subjets, provides information about the parton shower evolution. This substructure observable, known as the splitting function, reflects the process of a parton splitting into two other partons and has been measured for jets with transverse momentum between 140 and 500 GeV, in pp and PbPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair. In central PbPb collisions, the splitting function indicates a more unbalanced momentum ratio, compared to peripheral PbPb and pp collisions.. The measurements are compared to various predictions from event generators and analytical calculations.Peer reviewe