An embedding technique to determine ττ backgrounds in proton-proton collision data

An embedding technique is presented to estimate standard model tau tau backgrounds from data with minimal simulation input. In the data, the muons are removed from reconstructed mu mu events and replaced with simulated tau leptons with the same kinematic properties. In this way, a set of hybrid events is obtained that does not rely on simulation except for the decay of the tau leptons. The challenges in describing the underlying event or the production of associated jets in the simulation are avoided. The technique described in this paper was developed for CMS. Its validation and the inherent uncertainties are also discussed. The demonstration of the performance of the technique is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS in 2017 at root s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb(-1).Peer reviewe

Calibration of the CMS hadron calorimeters using proton-proton collision data at root s=13 TeV

Methods are presented for calibrating the hadron calorimeter system of theCMSetector at the LHC. The hadron calorimeters of the CMS experiment are sampling calorimeters of brass and scintillator, and are in the form of one central detector and two endcaps. These calorimeters cover pseudorapidities vertical bar eta vertical bar ee data. The energy scale of the outer calorimeters has been determined with test beam data and is confirmed through data with high transverse momentum jets. In this paper, we present the details of the calibration methods and accuracy.Peer reviewe

Search for Physics beyond the Standard Model in Events with Overlapping Photons and Jets

Results are reported from a search for new particles that decay into a photon and two gluons, in events with jets. Novel jet substructure techniques are developed that allow photons to be identified in an environment densely populated with hadrons. The analyzed proton-proton collision data were collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in 2016 at root s = 13 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The spectra of total transverse hadronic energy of candidate events are examined for deviations from the standard model predictions. No statistically significant excess is observed over the expected background. The first cross section limits on new physics processes resulting in such events are set. The results are interpreted as upper limits on the rate of gluino pair production, utilizing a simplified stealth supersymmetry model. The excluded gluino masses extend up to 1.7 TeV, for a neutralino mass of 200 GeV and exceed previous mass constraints set by analyses targeting events with isolated photons.Peer reviewe

Azimuthal separation in nearly back-to-back jet topologies in inclusive 2-and 3-jet events in pp collisions at root s=13TeV

A measurement for inclusive 2- and 3-jet events of the azimuthal correlation between the two jets with the largest transverse momenta, Delta phi(12), is presented. The measurement considers events where the two leading jets are nearly collinear ("back-to-back") in the transverse plane and is performed for several ranges of the leading jet transverse momentum. Proton-proton collision data collected with the CMS experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1) are used. Predictions based on calculations using matrix elements at leading-order and next-to-leading-order accuracy in perturbative quantum chromodynamics supplemented with leading-log parton showers and hadronization are generally in agreement with themeasurements. Discrepancies between the measurement and theoretical predictions are as large as 15%, mainly in the region 177 degrees <Delta phi(12) <180 degrees. The 2- and 3-jet measurements are not simultaneously described by any of models.Peer reviewe

Measurement of the t(t)over-barb(b)over-bar production cross section in the all-jet final state in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV

A measurement of the production cross section of top quark pairs in association with two b jets (t (t) over barb (b) over bar) is presented using data collected in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV by the CMS detector at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The cross section is measured in the all-jet decay channel of the top quark pair by selecting events containing at least eight jets, of which at least two are identified as originating from the hadronization of b quarks. A combination of multivariate analysis techniques is used to reduce the large background from multijet events not containing a top quark pair, and to help discriminate between jets originating from top quark decays and other additional jets. The cross section is determined for the total phase space to be 5.5 +/- 0.3 (stat)(-1.3)(+)(1.6) (syst)pb and also measured for two fiducial t (t) over barb (b) over bar, definitions. The measured cross sections are found to be larger than theoretical predictions by a factor of 1.5-2.4, corresponding to 1-2 standard deviations. (C) 2020 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Search for dark matter particles produced in association with a Higgs boson in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV

© 2020, The Author(s). A search for dark matter (DM) particles is performed using events with a Higgs boson candidate and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on proton- proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The search is performed in five Higgs boson decay channels: h → b b ¯ , γγ, τ+τ−, W+W−, and ZZ. The results from the individual channels are combined to maximize the sensitivity of the analysis. No significant excess over the expected standard model background is observed in any of the five channels or in their combination. Limits are set on DM production in the context of two simplified models. The results are also interpreted in terms of a spin-independent DM-nucleon scattering cross section and compared to those from direct-detection DM experiments. This is the first search for DM particles produced in association with a Higgs boson decaying to a pair of W or Z bosons, and the first statistical combination based on five Higgs boson decay channels. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].SCOAP

Search for electroweak production of a vector-like T quark using fully hadronic final states

A search is performed for electroweak production of a vector-like top quark partner T of charge 2/3 in association with a top or bottom quark, using proton-proton collision data at s = 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The search targets T quarks over a wide range of masses and fractional widths, decaying to a top quark and either a Higgs boson or a Z boson in fully hadronic final states. The search is performed using two experimentally distinct signatures that depend on whether or not each quark from the decays of the top quark, Higgs boson, or Z boson produces an individual resolved jet. Jet substructure, b tagging, and kinematic variables are used to identify the top quark and boson jets, and also to suppress the standard model backgrounds. The data are found to be consistent with the expected backgrounds. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the cross sections for T quark-mediated production of tHQq, tZQq, and their sum, where Q is the associated top or bottom heavy quark and q is another associated quark. The limits are given for each search signature for various T quark widths up to 30% of the T quark mass, and are between 2 pb and 20 fb for T quark masses in the range 0.6–2.6 TeV. These results are significantly more sensitive than prior searches for electroweak single production of T → tH and represent the first constraints on T → tZ using hadronic decays of the Z boson with this production mode. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

6) Tolerância de perdas de terras para alguns solos amazônicos.

Ministério da Educação, Universidade Federal do Pará, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias do Pará e Serviço de Documentação e Informação.1) Trabalho realizado em espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica, espectrografia e colorimetria, com a finalidade de analisar quantitativamente os elementos químicos presentes no molusco Teredo sp. (Turú), onde a quantificação relativamente abundante de cálcio comprova a utilização pela população interiorana como elemento auxiliar na nutrição. Caracteriza a presença de carbonato de cálcio na utilização para composição das conchas, "paletas" e túneis calcáreos na madeira, e os outros elementos químicos, sódio, potássio, silício, titânio, magnésio, ferro e fósforo, detectados, são importantes para o desenvolvimento estrutural do molusco.2) Trabalho realizado em aparelho Phillips para difração fluorescência, obtendo-se através de difratogramas e espectros de raios X, análise qualitativa do conteúdo cristalino e elementar do molusco Teredo sp. (Turu) onde foi evidenciado que a constituição da cabeça é quase exclusivamente de aragonita e calcita, e massa visceral e manto, constituídos por Ca, K, S, P, Cl, Si, Fe e Ti diferenciáveis apenas entre si pela abundância relativa de referidos elementos.3) Um estudo realizado durante 12 meses no ano de 1987, envolvendo o abate de 9442 suínos em Belém, Estado do Pará, demonstrou a ocorrência de estefanurose entre animais com características raciais definidas, procedentes de criações intensivas e entre animais sem características raciais definidas, oriundos de criações domiciliares. A prevalência de estefanurose foi de 9,9% variando entre 1,3% e 19,9%. As alterações observadas foram hepatite, cirrose hepática, peri-hepatite, flebite e distúrbios circulatórios dos rins, espessamento e aderência da cápsula renal, pielite, uretrite, hidronefrose, nódulos, cistos e abcessos nos tecidos perirenais. Os aspectos higiênico-sanitários relacionados com a parasitose eram traduzidos pelas características do conteúdo de nódulos e abcessos.4) Em cortes histológicos de corações de bubalinos abatidos para consumo foram observados cistos de protozoários que apresentavam características morfológicas indistinguíveis daquela do gênero Sarcocystis; os cistos eram de forma fusiforme e rodeados por fina membrana, contendo trofozoítos no interior de câmaras delimitadas por septos da parede. O presente achado constitui um dos raros casos da protozoose em bubalinos no país e na região amazônica.5) Em um estudo compreendendo 600 bubalinos (400 machos e 200 fêmeas), registrou-se uma prevalência de 65.5% de patologias renais, sendo que do total 0.99% constituíram-se de hidronefrose, caracterizadas por dilatação excessiva dos cálices e ureter por líquido, atrofia do parênquima com estreitamento córtico medular, com a cápsula em geral espessada e aderente ao órgão. Todas as ocorrências foram unilaterais, com hipertrofia vicária do órgão contralateral. Em dois dos quatro achados em que foi possível examinar o ureter, verificou - se que o fator causai foi estenose, uma de natureza cicatricial e outra congênita. Em três casos a lesão encontrava-se associada a nefrite intersticial e em outro predominantemente observou-se fibrose. Microscopicamente, além da inflamação e fibrose, foram observadas hipertrofia de vasos arteriais, dilatação de túbulos contornados e coletores, com formação de áreas micropolicísticas.6) Utilizando dados disponíveis foi feita uma tentativa de estabelecer os padrões dos limites de tolerância à erosão para os solos amazônicos, levando-se em conta a profundidade, a relação textural, a escolha dos horizontes a densidade do solo, bem como os critérios adotados para a relação textural. Os valores de tolerância média de perdas de terras para os solos variam de 10,43 a 16,80 t/ha/ano para solos com B latossólico e de 7,79 a 9,33 t/ha/ano para os solos com B textural. O uso e o manejo a serem adotados poderão ser adequadamente estabelecidos pelos valores de tolerância de perdas de terra por erosão determinados de acordo com as características dos solos.1) This work was realised by atomic absorption flame emission spectrophotometer, speclrograph and photoeletric colorimeter, in order to make a quantitative analysis of the chemical elements of the mollusc Teredo sp (Turú), in which the relatively abundant calcium quantification confirms its use by country people as an auxiliary element in their nutrition. Is characterizes the use of calcium carbonate in the shell, "paletles" and calcareos tunnels composition on wood. Sodium, potassium and olher elements such as Si, Ti, Mg, Fe and P, detected, are importam for the structural developmenl of the mollusc.2) This work was realised by diffraction and fluorescence Phillips equipments, by getting through diffractogram and X-ray spectra, qualitative analysis of the crystalline and elementary content of the Teredo sp (Turú), in which it was shown that head constitution is almost exclusively formed by aragonite and calcite, visceral mass and coat, formed by Ca, K, S, P, Cl, Si, Fe and Ti. They differ from each other in terms of the relative amount of lhe chemical elements above.3) Slephanuriasis: occurence, prevalence and macroscopic alterations in swines from Pará and Maranhão State. A study involving 9442 slaughtered swines from intensive husbandry establishments and from small-scale farms in Belém, Pará States showed the occurence of the Stephanurus dentatus in booth types of animais. The slephanuriasis prevalence was 9,9%, wich ranged from 1,3% to 19,9%. The observed alterations were hepatitis, hephatic cirrhosis, peri-hepatilis, flebitis nephritis and circulatory disturbances of kidncy, fibrosis and adherence os kidney capsule, pyelitis, ureterilis, hydronephrosis, cysts nodules and abcess in the peri-renal tissues. Hygienic and sanitary aspects relaled to the parasitism were those of the contents of the nodules and abcess.4) Cistis of a protozoan which has morphological characteristics from Sarcocystis were observed in cardiac muscle of water buffalo; the cists were fusiform and runded by a thin membrane with trophozots inside cameras delimited by septs of wall. Tha't a rare case of this trophozoits in water buffalo from Brazil.5) In a study of 600 water buffaloes (400 male and 200 female) was found a prevalence of 65.5% of renal pathology and within 0.99% were hydronephrosis which showed an excessive dilalation of the calyces and ureter by liquid associated with parenquimal atrophy and cortico medular constriction, with a general thickeness of capsule which was completely adhered. All the findings were unilateral with compensatory hypertrophy of lhe contralateral organ. In two cases which was possible to examine lhe ureter, it was found stenosis, one of cicatricial aspect and other of congenital origin. In three cases it was found a predominance of intersticial nephritis and in another one fibrosis. Microscopycally, beyond of inflamation and fibrosis, it was observed hypertrophy of the blood vassels, dilatalion of the convulted tubules and formation of micropolycysticareas.6) Utilizing disponible data its was made a tentative os stablish standards of limits of tolerance to the erosin for the amazon sotls, taking in account the depth, the texture relation, the choice of the horizons, the bulk density, as well as the criteria adopted for the textural relation. The values of medium tolerance of loss of earth for the sotls vary from 10,43 to 16,80 t/ha/year to soils with latossolic B and from 7,79 to 9,33 t/ha/year for the soils with textural B. The use and the management to be adopted can be adequately stablished by the values of loss of earth by erosion determinned according to the characteristics of the soils