Iron(II)-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Potassium Vinyltrifluoroborates

Exchanging BF[subscript 3] by CF[subscript 3]: The title reaction proceeds under exceedingly mild reaction conditions and provides 2-arylvinyl- and 2-heteroarylvinyl-substituted substrates with E/Z selectivities of more than 95:5. Experimental observations suggest that the reaction does not proceed through a transmetalation of the RBF[subscript 3]K species to the iron catalyst.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant GM46059)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Postdoctoral Fellowship F32M093532)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant CHE-9808061)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant DBI-9729592)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant 1S10RR13886-01

Copper-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Unactivated Olefins

Activating the inactive: A copper-catalyzed allylic trifluoromethylation of unactivated terminal olefins proceeds under mild conditions to produce linear allylic trifluoromethylated products with high E/Z selectivity (see scheme). The reaction can be applied to a range of substrates bearing numerous functional groups. Furthermore, the reaction is scalable and amenable to a benchtop setup.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (GM46059)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Postdoctoral Fellowship F32GM093532)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant ACHE-9808061)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant DBI-9729592)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant 1S10RR13886-01

Adverse-Pressure-Gradient Effects on Turbulent Boundary Layers: Statistics and Flow-Field Organization

This manuscripts presents a study on adverse-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers under different Reynolds-number and pressure-gradient conditions. In this work we performed Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements supplemented with Large-Eddy Simulations in order to have a dataset covering a range of displacement-thickness-based Reynolds-number 2300 34000 and values of the Clauser pressure-gradient parameter beta up to 2.4. The spatial resolution limits of PIV for the estimation of turbulence statistics have been overcome via ensemble-based approaches. A comparison between ensemble-correlation and ensemble Particle Tracking Velocimetry was carried out to assess the uncertainty of the two methods. The effects of beta, R e and of the pressure-gradient history on turbulence statistics were assessed. A modal analysis via Proper Orthogonal Decomposition was carried out on the flow fields and showed that about 20% of the energy contribution corresponds to the first mode, while 40% of the turbulent kinetic energy corresponds to the first four modes with no appreciable dependence on beta and R e within the investigated range. The topology of the spatial modes shows a dependence on the Reynolds number and on the pressure-gradient strength, in line with the results obtained from the analysis of the turbulence statistics. The contribution of the modes to the Reynolds stresses and the turbulence production was assessed using a truncated low-order reconstruction with progressively larger number of modes. It is shown that the outer peaks in the Reynolds-stress profiles are mostly due to large-scale structures in the outer part of the boundary layer.CSV acknowledges the financial support from Universidad Carlos III de Madrid within the program “Ayudas para la Movilidad del Programa Propio de Investigación”. RÖ, RV and PS acknowledge the financial support from the Swedish Research Council (VR) and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. CSV, SD and AI were partially supported by the COTURB project (Coherent Structures in Wall-bounded Turbulence), funded by the European Research Council (ERC), under grant ERC-2014.AdG-669505. CSV, SD and AI have been partially supported by Grant DPI2016-79401-R funded by the Spanish State Research Agency (SRA) and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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