Standardization problem: Ressource Allocation in a Network

We consider the standardization problem (SP) which can be formulated as follows. It is known demand bi in each type i in {1, 2, ..., n} of items. Production of yi items of the ith type brings a profit fi (yi), where fi is a nondecreasing concave function for each i in {1, 2, ..., n}.It is necessary to satisfy the demand and to maximize the total profit provided that there exist >standardization possibilities< . These possibilities means that some types of items can be replaced by some another types. We introduce generalized standardization problem (GSP) in which titems demand is given as the set of admissible demand vectors. We show that GSP and SP are special cases of the resource allocation problem over a network polymatroid. Ibasing on this observation we propose a polynomial time solution algorithm for GSP and SP

Sensitization of human malignant lymphoid cells to etoposide by fucoidan, a brown seaweed polysaccharide

The search for the substances sensitizing cancer cells to apoptosis induction by chemotherapeutic agents is a task of high importance in the modern strategy of anticancer therapy. The aim of the study was to investigate the apoptogenic and apoptosis-modulating activities of fucoidan (sulfated polysaccharide) isolated from far-eastern brown seaweeds Fucus evanescens in two human malignant lymphoid cell lines, MT-4 and Namalwa. Methods: Apoptosis was assessed morphologically and quantified by flow cytometry analysis of cells stained with propidium iodide. Caspase-3 activation was assayed by flow cytometry with the aid of labeled monoclonal antibodies. Results: The fucoidan at 500 µg/ml was not cytotoxic in MT-4 or Namalwa cells even in the setting of long-term presence in culture medium up to 14 days. Nevertheless, pretreatment of MT-4 but not Namalwa cells with fucoidan followed by the exposure to DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide led to about two-fold increase in the relative apoptotic index as compared with etoposide alone. Apoptosis enhancement of MT-4 cells by fucoidan was not accompanied by further increase in the number of the cells with active form of caspase-3. Conclusion: The present findings demonstrate for the first time that fucoidan enhances etoposide induced caspase-dependent cell death pathway in MT-4 but not Namalwa cell line. The mechanisms of such enhancement do not seem to be related directly to caspase-3 activation.Одной из важных задач современной стратегии противоопухолевой терапии является поиск веществ, повышающих чувствительность опухолевых клеток к индукции апоптоза под действием химиопрепаратов. Цель: изучение апоптогенной и апоптозмодулирующей активности фукоидана — сульфатированного полисахарида, выделенного из дальневосточной бурой водоросли Fucus evanescens, на двух линиях злокачественных лимфоидных клеток человека MT-4 и Namalwa. Методы: апоптоз выявляли морфологически и количественно проточной цитометрией клеток, окрашенных йодистым пропидием. Активацию каспазы-3 изучали методом проточной цитометрии клеток после реакции с конъюгированными моноклональными антителами. Результаты: фукоидан в дозе 500 мкг/мл не проявлял токсичности в клетках MT-4 или Namalwa даже при длительном присутствии препарата в культурах до 14 сут. Предварительная инкубация клеток MT-4 с фукоиданом в указанной дозе приводила к двукратному повышению относительного апоптотического индекса при действии ингибитора ДНК топоизомеразы II этопозида, причем такого эффекта в клетках Namalwa не отмечено. Повышение апоптотического индекса в клетках MT-4 под влиянием фукоидана при индукции апоптоза этопозидом не сопровождалось приростом процентного содержания клеток с активной формой каспазы-3, в сравнении с таковым при действии одного лишь индуктора апоптоза этопозида. Выводы: впервые продемонстрирована способность фукоидана усиливать этопозидиндуцированный каспазозависимый апоптоз в клетках MT-4. Подобный эффект отсутствовал в клетках Namalwa. Механизм повышения чувствительности злокачественных лимфоидных клеток человека к этопозиду при действии фукоидана, по-видимому, напрямую не связан с активацией каспазы-3

Standardization problem: Ressource Allocation in a Network

We consider the standardization problem (SP) which can be formulated as follows. It is known demand bi in each type i in {1, 2, ..., n} of items. Production of yi items of the ith type brings a profit fi (yi), where fi is a nondecreasing concave function for each i in {1, 2, ..., n}.It is necessary to satisfy the demand and to maximize the total profit provided that there exist >standardization possibilities< . These possibilities means that some types of items can be replaced by some another types. We introduce generalized standardization problem (GSP) in which titems demand is given as the set of admissible demand vectors. We show that GSP and SP are special cases of the resource allocation problem over a network polymatroid. Ibasing on this observation we propose a polynomial time solution algorithm for GSP and SP

The possible subjects with public authority in european countries

This study was aimed at analyzing the constitutional consolidation of the oath in the states of Eastern Europe, using various criteri

Feasibility studies of the time-like proton electromagnetic form factor measurements with PANDA at FAIR

The possibility of measuring the proton electromagnetic form factors in the time-like region at FAIR with the \PANDA detector is discussed. Detailed simulations on signal efficiency for the annihilation of $\bar p +p$ into a lepton pair as well as for the most important background channels have been performed. It is shown that precision measurements of the differential cross section of the reaction $\bar p +p \to e^++ e^-$ can be obtained in a wide angular and kinematical range. The individual determination of the moduli of the electric and magnetic proton form factors will be possible up to a value of momentum transfer squared of $q^2\simeq 14$ (GeV/c)$^2$. The total $\bar p +p\to e^++e^-$ cross section will be measured up to $q^2\simeq 28$ (GeV/c)$^2$. The results obtained from simulated events are compared to the existing data. Sensitivity to the two photons exchange mechanism is also investigated.Comment: 12 pages, 4 tables, 8 figures Revised, added details on simulations, 4 tables, 9 figure

Feasibility studies of time-like proton electromagnetic form factors at PANDA at FAIR

Simulation results for future measurements of electromagnetic proton form factors at \PANDA (FAIR) within the PandaRoot software framework are reported. The statistical precision with which the proton form factors can be determined is estimated. The signal channel $\bar p p \to e^+ e^-$ is studied on the basis of two different but consistent procedures. The suppression of the main background channel, $\textit{i.e.}$ $\bar p p \to \pi^+ \pi^-$, is studied. Furthermore, the background versus signal efficiency, statistical and systematical uncertainties on the extracted proton form factors are evaluated using two different procedures. The results are consistent with those of a previous simulation study using an older, simplified framework. However, a slightly better precision is achieved in the PandaRoot study in a large range of momentum transfer, assuming the nominal beam conditions and detector performance

Technical Design Report for the PANDA Solenoid and Dipole Spectrometer Magnets

This document is the Technical Design Report covering the two large spectrometer magnets of the PANDA detector set-up. It shows the conceptual design of the magnets and their anticipated performance. It precedes the tender and procurement of the magnets and, hence, is subject to possible modifications arising during this process.Comment: 10 pages, 14MB, accepted by FAIR STI in May 2009, editors: Inti Lehmann (chair), Andrea Bersani, Yuri Lobanov, Jost Luehning, Jerzy Smyrski, Technical Coordiantor: Lars Schmitt, Bernd Lewandowski (deputy), Spokespersons: Ulrich Wiedner, Paola Gianotti (deputy

Multi-particle azimuthal correlations in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Measurements of multi-particle azimuthal correlations (cumulants) for charged particles in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions are presented. They help address the question of whether there is evidence for global, flow-like, azimuthal correlations in the p-Pb system. Comparisons are made to measurements from the larger Pb-Pb system, where such evidence is established. In particular, the second harmonic two-particle cumulants are found to decrease with multiplicity, characteristic of a dominance of few-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions. However, when a $|\Delta \eta|$ gap is placed to suppress such correlations, the two-particle cumulants begin to rise at high-multiplicity, indicating the presence of global azimuthal correlations. The Pb-Pb values are higher than the p-Pb values at similar multiplicities. In both systems, the second harmonic four-particle cumulants exhibit a transition from positive to negative values when the multiplicity increases. The negative values allow for a measurement of $v_{2}\{4\}$ to be made, which is found to be higher in Pb-Pb collisions at similar multiplicities. The second harmonic six-particle cumulants are also found to be higher in Pb-Pb collisions. In Pb-Pb collisions, we generally find $v_{2}\{4\} \simeq v_{2}\{6\}\neq 0$ which is indicative of a Bessel-Gaussian function for the $v_{2}$ distribution. For very high-multiplicity Pb-Pb collisions, we observe that the four- and six-particle cumulants become consistent with 0. Finally, third harmonic two-particle cumulants in p-Pb and Pb-Pb are measured. These are found to be similar for overlapping multiplicities, when a $|\Delta\eta| > 1.4$ gap is placed.Comment: 25 pages, 11 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 20, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/87

Multiplicity dependence of jet-like two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The transverse-momentum range 0.7 $< p_{\rm{T}, assoc} < p_{\rm{T}, trig} <$ 5.0 GeV/$c$ is examined, to include correlations induced by jets originating from low momen\-tum-transfer scatterings (minijets). The correlations expressed as associated yield per trigger particle are obtained in the pseudorapidity range $|\eta|<0.9$. The near-side long-range pseudorapidity correlations observed in high-multiplicity p-Pb collisions are subtracted from both near-side short-range and away-side correlations in order to remove the non-jet-like components. The yields in the jet-like peaks are found to be invariant with event multiplicity with the exception of events with low multiplicity. This invariance is consistent with the particles being produced via the incoherent fragmentation of multiple parton--parton scatterings, while the yield related to the previously observed ridge structures is not jet-related. The number of uncorrelated sources of particle production is found to increase linearly with multiplicity, suggesting no saturation of the number of multi-parton interactions even in the highest multiplicity p-Pb collisions. Further, the number scales in the intermediate multiplicity region with the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions estimated with a Glauber Monte-Carlo simulation.Comment: 23 pages, 6 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 17, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/161

Charge separation relative to the reaction plane in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}= 2.76 TeV

Measurements of charge dependent azimuthal correlations with the ALICE detector at the LHC are reported for Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76$ TeV. Two- and three-particle charge-dependent azimuthal correlations in the pseudo-rapidity range $|\eta| < 0.8$ are presented as a function of the collision centrality, particle separation in pseudo-rapidity, and transverse momentum. A clear signal compatible with a charge-dependent separation relative to the reaction plane is observed, which shows little or no collision energy dependence when compared to measurements at RHIC energies. This provides a new insight for understanding the nature of the charge dependent azimuthal correlations observed at RHIC and LHC energies.Comment: 12 pages, 3 captioned figures, authors from page 2 to 6, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/286