AXIOLOGICALLY MARKED MODELS REFLECTING THE CONCEPT “LION” IN ENGLISH IDIOMS

The given article deals with English phraseological units, which are also called idiomatic expressions. The object under study is the concept “lion” as reflected in the analyzed linguistic units. The zoonymic concept “lion” is a relevant element of English linguistic culture, which explains its presence in English idiomatic expressions. Linguo-culturological approach is one of the leading trends of modern linguistics.The described phraseological units of the English language are characterized by the occurrence of the evaluative component of meaning, which is also called axiological. Evaluation is the attitude of the speaker towards reality expressed in the explicit or implicit way. In the evaluation, the anthropocentric character of human thinking manifests itself. Linguistic evaluation may have a positive (meliorative) or negative (pejorative) character. The purpose of this article is to study the axiological potential of the zoonymic concept “lion”, which is a relevant element of the meaning of the concept under consideration. Cognitive modeling is used as the main method of the paper. English phraseological units embody a number of really existing in the language mental models reflecting the evaluative character of the studied concept. The studied mental models serve as the basis for objectification of different evaluative features, both positive (meliorative) and negative (pejorative). Evaluative features are considered to be minimal, “atomic” elements of sense contributing to the systematization of our knowledge about concepts embodied in linguistic units, among which are English phraseological units

Central Hemodynamics and Microcirculation in Critical Conditions

Objective: to compare central hemodynamic and microcirculatory changes in critical conditions caused by different factors and to reveal their possible differences for a further differentiated approach to intensive therapy. Subjects and methods. The study covered 16 subjects with severe concomitant injury (mean age 41.96±2.83 years) and 19 patients with general purulent peritonitis (mean age 45.34±2.16 years). Their follow-up was 7 days. The central hemodynamics was estimated by transpulmonary thermodilution using a Pulsion PiCCO Plus system (Pulsion Medical Systems, Germany). The microcirculatory bed was evaluated by cutaneous laser Doppler flowmetry using a LAKK-02 capillary blood flow laser analyzer (LAZMA Research-and-Production Association, Russian Federation). Results. The pattern of central hemodynamic and microcirculatory disorders varies with the trigger that has led to a critical condition. Central hemodynamics should be stabilized to ensure the average level of tissue perfusion in victims with severe concomitant injury. In general purulent peritonitis, microcirculatory disorders may persist even if the macrohemodynamic parameters are normal. Conclusion. The macrohemodynamic and microcirculatory differences obtained during the study suggest that a complex of intensive therapy should be differentiated and, if the latter is used, it is necessary not only to be based on the central hemodynamics, but also to take into consideration functional changes in microcirculation. Key words: severe concomitant injury, general purulent peritonitis, micro-circulation, central hemodynamics, type of circulation