Paleoasociaciones e inferencias paleoclimáticas en el sector sur del Valle Calchaquí (Formación Palo Pintado, Mioceno tardío), provincia de Salta, Argentina

En el sector sur del Valle Calchaquí, provincia de Salta, los afloramientos de la Formación Palo Pintado (Grupo Payogastilla), alcanzan los 1387 metros de espesor, donde se observan niveles continentales fluviales, con algunos niveles piroclásticos intercalados integrando una estructura anticlinal de rumbo NNO-SSE. Los depósitos comprenden una clase intermedia entre ríos de baja y alta sinuosidad conformando un sistema fluvial meandroso, areno-gravoso, con pequeños lagos. Para este estudio se procedió al relevamiento de tres perfiles sedimentológicos de la Formación en el río Calchaquí, en las quebradas El Estanque y Alfredo. Los restos fósiles hallados proceden de niveles pelíticos verdes y castaños que provienen principalmente de las secciones basales y medias de la formación. Pertenecen principalmente a vegetales (hojas, palinomorfos y leños), bivalvos y en menor medida a vertebrados. A partir de las litofacies establecidas y las tafocenosis encontradas se intepretaron las paleocomunidades y se relacionaron con los respectivos paleoambientes de sedimentación. Se diferenciaron varias paleocomunidades: dulceacuícola (con varias asociaciones planctónicas, bentónicas y nectónicas), palustre (conformada por dos estratos vegetales: herbáceo y arbustivo), bosque higrófilo (con varios estratos) y sabana. Las comunidades acuáticas y palustres se desarrollaron en subambientes ácueos (lagunas, pantanos y ríos de escasa energía) mientras que la comunidad higrófila, con bosques ribereños, se extendió sobre las llanuras de inundación. La buena preservación y frecuencia de bivalvos (Diplodon y Anodontites) y helechos acuáticos y palustres (Acrostichum sp. y Blechnum sp.), sumado a la estratificación presente en los bosques de ribera (que cuentan hasta con epífitos), permite inferir que las paleocomunidades fueron estables y persistieron por tiempo prolongado. Las áreas zoogeográficas y fitogeográficas son congruentes e integran la Región Neotropical. De este análisis, se infiere que el clima de la Formación Palo Pintado fue más húmedo y la vegetación xérica estuvo escasamente representada.Sesiones libresFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

European cystic fibrosis bone mineralisation guidelines

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are at risk of developing low bone mineral density (BMD) and fragility fractures. This paper presents consensus statements that summarise current knowledge of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of CF-related skeletal deficits and provides guidance on its assessment, prevention and treatment. The statements were validated using a modified Delphi methodology

Primeros registros paleontológicos de la localidad de Cerro Pampa (Formación Chiquimil, Mioceno Tardío), Provincia de Catamarca, Argentina

The taphoflora and the mollusk content identified in a lacustrine interval from the El Áspero Member, Chiquimil Formation, at Cerro Pampa (Department of Belén, province of Catamarca, Argentina) is presented herein. In the floral assemblage the Fabaceae is the dominant component, represented by the subfamilies Caesalpinoideae (Chamaecrista flexuosa (L.) Greene, Sena obtusifolia (L.) Irwin y Barneby y Sena bicapsularis (L.) Rouxbourgh), Papilionoideae (Desmodium cf. D. adscendens (Swart) De Candolle y Tipuana tipu (Benth.) Kuntze and Mimosoideae (Mimosa cf. M. flagellaris Bentham y Prosopis sp.). They are accompanied by leaf remains related to Malvaceae (Malvaciphyllum quenquiadensis Anzótegui y Cristalli), Anacardiaceae (Schinopsis lorentzii (Griseb.) Engler, and Cyperaceae (Scirpites sp.1 and others Incertae sedis). The paleofauna is represented by bivalves (Neocorbicula anzoteguiae Morton, Neocorbicula herbsti Morton and Neocorbicula stelzneri (P) Morton) and gastropods (Chilina totoralensis Morton and Biomphalaria sp.). Some paleoenvironmental considerations inferred from the biota of this Mio-Pliocene unit are made. The floristic and faunal fossil assemblage indicates a close relationship between the Chiquimil Formation and the Playa del Zorro Aloformation, exposed at Valle del Cajón, both units being part of the deposits of the Santa María-Hualfín Basin.Key words: Angiosperms, Mollusca, palaeoenvironment, Late Miocene, Catamarca, Argentina.En la localidad de Cerro Pampa (Departamento de Belén) en la provincia de Catamarca, (Argentina) afloran sedimentos de un depósito lacustre correspondientes al Miembro El Áspero, de la Formación Chiquimil. Se presenta parte de la paleoflora hallada compuesta por Fabaceae, Caesalpinoideae (Chamaecrista flexuosa (L.) Greene, Sena obtusifolia (L.) Irwin y Barneby y Sena bicapsularis (L.) Rouxbourgh; Fabaceae, Papilionoideae (Desmodium cf. ascendens (Swart) de Candolle y Tipuana tipu (Benth.) Kuntze; Fabaceae, Mimosoideae (Mimosa cf. flagellaris Bentham y Prosopis sp.; Malvaceae (Malvaciphyllun quenquiadensis Anzótegui y Cristalli; Anacardiaceae (Schinopsis lorentzii (Griseb.) Engler; Cyperaceae (Scirpites sp.1) y otras Cyperaceae Insertae sedis. La paleofauna de moluscos dulceacuícolas (Neocorbicula anzoteguiae Morton, Neocorbicula herbsti Morton y Neocorbicula stelzneri (P) Morton; gastrópodos, (Chilina totoralensis Morton y Biomphalaria sp.) y sus consideraciones paleoambientales inferidas en la localidad, estudiada a partir de los registros paleontológicos y geológicos durante el Mio-Plioceno. Se observa una mayor relación entre la Formación Chiquimil y la Aloformación Playa del Zorro a partir de sus componentes florísticos y faunísticos.Palabras clave: Angiospermas, Mollusca, paleoambiente, Mioceno superior, Catamarca, Argentina

Therapy development for the mucopolysaccharidoses : updated consensus recommendations for neuropsychological endpoints

Neurological dysfunction represents a significant clinical component of many of the mucopolysaccharidoses (also known as MPS disorders). The accurate and consistent assessment of neuropsychological function is essential to gain a greater understanding of the precise natural history of these conditions and to design effective clinical trials to evaluate the impact of therapies on the brain. In 2017, an International MPS Consensus Panel published recommendations for best practice in the design and conduct of clinical studies investigating the effects of therapies on cognitive function and adaptive behavior in patients with neuronopathic mucopolysaccharidoses. Based on an International MPS Consensus Conference held in February 2020, this article provides updated consensus recommendations and expands the objectives to include approaches for assessing behavioral and social-emotional state, caregiver burden and quality of life in patients with all mucopolysaccharidoses

International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force consensus proposal: Medical treatment of canine epilepsy in Europe

In Europe, the number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) licensed for dogs has grown considerably over the last years. Nevertheless, the same questions remain, which include, 1) when to start treatment, 2) which drug is best used initially, 3) which adjunctive AED can be advised if treatment with the initial drug is unsatisfactory, and 4) when treatment changes should be considered. In this consensus proposal, an overview is given on the aim of AED treatment, when to start long-term treatment in canine epilepsy and which veterinary AEDs are currently in use for dogs. The consensus proposal for drug treatment protocols, 1) is based on current published evidence-based literature, 2) considers the current legal framework of the cascade regulation for the prescription of veterinary drugs in Europe, and 3) reflects the authors’ experience. With this paper it is aimed to provide a consensus for the management of canine idiopathic epilepsy. Furthermore, for the management of structural epilepsy AEDs are inevitable in addition to treating the underlying cause, if possible

Restructuring of the Gut Microbiome by Intermittent Fasting Prevents Retinopathy and Prolongs Survival in db/db Mice

Intermittent fasting (IF) protects against the development of metabolic diseases and cancer, but whether it can prevent diabetic microvascular complications is not known. In db/db mice, we examined the impact of long-term IF on diabetic retinopathy (DR). Despite no change in glycated hemoglobin, db/db mice on the IF regimen displayed significantly longer survival and a reduction in DR end points, including acellular capillaries and leukocyte infiltration. We hypothesized that IF-mediated changes in the gut microbiota would produce beneficial metabolites and prevent the development of DR. Microbiome analysis revealed increased levels of Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia. Compared with db/db mice on ad libitum feeding, changes in the microbiome of the db/db mice on IF were associated with increases in gut mucin, goblet cell number, villi length, and reductions in plasma peptidoglycan. Consistent with the known modulatory effects of Firmicutes on bile acid (BA) metabolism, measurement of BAs demonstrated a significant increase of tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDCA), a neuroprotective BA, in db/db on IF but not in db/db on AL feeding. TGR5, the TUDCA receptor, was found in the retinal primary ganglion cells. Expression of TGR5 did not change with IF or diabetes. However, IF reduced retinal TNF-α mRNA, which is a downstream target of TGR5 activation. Pharmacological activation of TGR5 using INT-767 prevented DR in a second diabetic mouse model. These findings support the concept that IF prevents DR by restructuring the microbiota toward species producing TUDCA and subsequent retinal protection by TGR5 activation

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Singing in the Rain Forest: How a Tropical Bird Song Transfers Information

How information transmission processes between individuals are shaped by natural selection is a key question for the understanding of the evolution of acoustic communication systems. Environmental acoustics predict that signal structure will differ depending on general features of the habitat. Social features, like individual spacing and mating behavior, may also be important for the design of communication. Here we present the first experimental study investigating how a tropical rainforest bird, the white-browed warbler Basileuterus leucoblepharus, extracts various information from a received song: species-specific identity, individual identity and location of the sender. Species-specific information is encoded in a resistant acoustic feature and is thus a public signal helping males to reach a wide audience. Conversely, individual identity is supported by song features susceptible to propagation: this private signal is reserved for neighbors. Finally, the receivers can locate the singers by using propagation-induced song modifications. Thus, this communication system is well matched to the acoustic constraints of the rain forest and to the ecological requirements of the species. Our results emphasize that, in a constraining acoustic environment, the efficiency of a sound communication system results from a coding/decoding process particularly well tuned to the acoustic properties of this environment

Oral abstracts 1: SpondyloarthropathiesO1. Detecting axial spondyloarthritis amongst primary care back pain referrals

Background: Inflammatory back pain (IBP) is an early feature of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and its detection offers the prospect of early diagnosis of AS. However, since back pain is very common but only a very small minority of back pain sufferers have ASpA or AS, screening of back pain sufferers for AS is problematic. In early disease radiographs are often normal so that fulfilment of diagnostic criteria for AS is impossible though a diagnosis of axial SpA can be made if MRI evidence of sacroiliitis is present. This pilot study was designed to indicate whether a cost-effective pick up rate for ASpA/early AS could be achieved by identifying adults with IBP stratified on the basis of age. Methods: Patients aged between 18 and 45 years who were referred to a hospital physiotherapy service with back pain of more than 3 months duration were assessed for IBP. All were asked to complete a questionnaire based on the Berlin IBP criteria. Those who fulfilled IBP criteria were also asked to complete a second short questionnaire enquiring about SpA comorbidities, to have a blood test for HLA-B27 and CRP level and to undergo an MRI scan of the sacroiliac joints. This was a limited scan, using STIR, diffusion-weighted, T1 and T2 sequences of the sacroiliac joints to minimize time in the scanner and cost. The study was funded by a research grant from Abbott Laboratories Ltd. Results: 50 sequential patients agreed to participate in the study and completed the IBP questionnaire. Of these 27 (54%) fulfilled criteria for IBP. Of these, 2 patients reported a history of an SpA comorbidity - 1 psoriasis; 1 ulcerative colitis - and 3 reported a family history of an SpA comorbidity - 2 psoriasis; 1 Crohn's disease. 4 were HLA-B27 positive, though results were not available for 7. Two patients had marginally raised CRP levels (6, 10 -NR ≤ 5). 19 agreed to undergo MRI scanning of the sacroiliac joints and lumbar spine; 4 scans were abnormal, showing evidence of bilateral sacroiliitis on STIR sequences. In all cases the changes met ASAS criteria but were limited. Of these 4 patients 3 were HLA-B27 positive but none gave a personal or family history of an SpA-associated comorbidity and all had normal CRP levels. Conclusions: This was a pilot study yielding only limited conclusions. However, it is clear that: Screening of patients referred for physiotherapy for IBP is straightforward, inexpensive and quick. It appears that IBP is more prevalent in young adults than overall population data suggest so that targeting this population may be efficient. IBP questionnaires could be administered routinely during a physiotherapy assessment. HLA-B27 testing in this group of patients with IBP is a suitable screening tool. The sacroiliac joint changes identified were mild and their prognostic significance is not yet clear so that the value of early screening needs further evaluation. Disclosure statement: C.H. received research funding for this study from Abbott. A.K. received research funding for this study, and speaker and consultancy fees, from Abbott. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interes