Sociability in contexts of urban fragmentation : metropolitan inclusion and metropolitan exclusion in Santiago de Chile

El objetivo general de este trabajo es comprender la relación entre procesos estructurales del desarrollo urbano, asociados a la reconfiguración fragmentada de la ciudad, con dinámicas particulares de integración social y cohesión social, a partir del análisis de la sociabilidad de los habitantes en la ciudad. La hipótesis principal del trabajo es que el espacio urbano actúa como una estructura estructurante de relaciones sociales y de las formas de sociabilidad de los individuos residentes en dichos espacios. Esta relación es desigual, afectando por tanto las posibilidades de interacción social y en consecuencia afectando las posibilidades de integración y cohesión social en la ciudad. Específicamente, se propone la hipótesis de una fuerte integración local y aislamiento metropolitano de los residentes en las áreas más vulnerables de la ciudad, que acumulan la mayor cantidad de desventajas socio-territoriales. Mientras, una menor integración local, con mayores conexiones a escala metropolitana, por parte de los residentes de sectores medios y medios altos. La metodología corresponde a una estrategia integradora, que incluye análisis de redes sociales (ARS) y estadística exploratoria (AFCM). Se analizan las redes de sociabilidad de individuos residentes en los barrios El Barrero (Huechuraba) y Villa Macul (Macul), localizados en diferentes sectores del área metropolitana de Santiago.The main purpose of this work is to understand the relationship between structural processes of urban development, associated with the fragmented reconfiguration of the city, with particular dynamics of social integration and social cohesion, through the analysis of sociability of the people in the city. The main hypothesis of this study is that urban space acts as a structuring structure of social relations and sociability patterns of residents in those spaces. This relationship is unequal, thereby affecting the opportunities for social interaction and, in consequence, affecting possibilities of integration and social cohesion in the city. Specifically, the proposed hypothesis is a strong local integration and metropolitan isolation of residents in vulnerable areas of the city, which accumulate many social and territorial disadvantages. Meanwhile, it is expected a smaller local integration, with greater connections to metropolitan scale, by the residents of middle and upper middle class. The methodology corresponds to an integrated strategy including social network analysis and exploratory statistics. Sociability networks of individuals living in the neighborhoods of El Barrero (Huechuraba) and Villa Macul (Macul), located in different sectors of Metropolitan Area of Santiago are analyzed.Fil: Link, Felipe.Fil: Valenzuela, Felipe

Vivienda nueva en función de un pulmón verde. Espacios colectivos para fortalecer la interacción social, ambiental y productiva de la comunidad

Artículo de investigaciónEl presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal mostrar un análisis e investigación enfocado a una problemática presente en Soacha, donde se evidencian dificultades sociales y económicas que afectan el desarrollo del sector. Por lo tanto, se proyecta una tipología de vivienda nueva con la idea de plantear diferentes alternativas de habitabilidad, a partir de una interrelación de centros de manzana.Introducción 1. Metodología 2. Resultados 3. Discusión 4. Conclusiones 5. Agradecimientos Referencias BibliografíaPregradoArquitect

Arriendo en propiedad: arraigo y vulnerabilidad residencial en el barrio Puerto de Valparaíso

Current housing policies and the increased price of land hamper the construction of well-located dwellings for low-income groups in Chile. On the other hand, international recommendations propose the leasing of dwellings as a solution to the spatial segregation generated by housing policies. However, the situation of tenants and the activity of leasing as well as the housing policies involved in this sector have been scarcely explored in Chile and Latin America. The case study of the port district of Valparaíso, a site characterized by the development of this type of tenure –where more than 90 percent of dwellers are tenants– explores and describes the subjective dimensions of tenancy associated with attachment and the sense of belonging to the place of residence and the neighborhood, which transcend the type of land ownership. This paper analyses the characteristics of tenancy, which is understood as a specific type of residential vulnerability within a context marked by social production at a neighborhood scale and the pressure exerted by urban renewal and gentrification initiatives.Con la actual política habitacional del país y el encarecimiento del valor del suelo, es cada vez más difícil implementar vivienda bien localizada para sectores de bajos ingresos en Chile. Por otro lado, existen recomendaciones internacionales respecto al arriendo como solución a los patrones de segregación espacial que la política de vivienda ha promovido. Sin embargo, los análisis sobre el arriendo y los arrendatarios, como también las políticas públicas vinculadas a este sector, han sido escasos en Chile y Latinoamérica. A través de una lectura de un caso particular, el Barrio Puerto de Valparaíso, que presenta más de un noventa por ciento de arrendatarios y una tradición en este tipo de tenencia de la vivienda, se exploran y describen las dimensiones subjetivas del arriendo vinculadas al arraigo, los sentimientos de pertenencia al hogar y el barrio, más allá de la condición de propiedad del suelo. El artículo releva las características del arriendo, entendido como una situación particular de vulnerabilidad residencial en un contexto específico de producción social del espacio a escala barrial y de presiones por renovación urbana y gentrificación

Tipologías habitacionales, percepciones barriales y vínculos sociales vecinales. Exploraciones sobre el barrio de Michaihue, Área Metropolitana de Concepción, Chile

A partir del estudio de caso realizado sobre el barrio Michaihue, cuyo origen se produce por viviendas sociales progresivas en extensión y otras en altura, analizamos la posible incidencia que la tipología arquitectónica puede tener en la percepción declarada de preferencia y predilección barrial, entendiendo estos elementos como una base positiva para la generación de vínculos sociales vecinales. Metodológicamente, analizamos y contrastamos las respuestas de un CENSO de viviendas y hogares, además de un levantamiento de redes personales aplicado a vecinos propietarios de ambas tipologías. Nuestros hallazgos demuestran que, a igual contexto urbano y atributos individuales, la tipología habitacional marca diferencias al momento de expresar preferencia por vivir en su barrio y si optaría por quedarse o no en él. Sin embargo, la evidencia no nos permite afirmar si esto afectaría las dinámicas de producción de vínculos sociales vecinales. Finalmente, exponemos que una tipología arquitectónica “progresiva”, es decir, que permite la participación del propietario en su modificación-expansión, da mejores condiciones para una positiva percepción del barrio, lo que por sí solo no necesariamente altera las dinámicas de creación y rubrica de redes sociales vecinales

Tendencias recientes del crecimiento metropolitano en Santiago de Chile. ¿Hacia una nueva geografía urbana?

Given the context of widespread urban development observed in most parts of the world, this paper aims to examine whether this trend has manifested itself in the growth of the Metropolitan Urban System of Santiago (SUMS). The authors analyzed the main trends observed over the last two decades, with particular attention to urban sprawl and the recovery of growth in the central area of Santiago. The information analyzed leads to the conclusion that the dominant trend of urban growth is still the expansion of the SUMS; it is also concluded that there is a recovery of some of the central municipalities. These are complex phenomena in which territorial dispersion and re-centralization are complementary to each other and characterized by unequal urban development patterns.Frente a la tendencia hacia lo urbano generalizado que se observa actualmente en la mayor parte del mundo, este trabajo tiene el propósito de analizar si esta tendencia también se ha manifestado en el crecimiento del Sistema Urbano Metropolitano de Santiago (SUMS). Para ello se analizaron las tendencias dominantes observadas en las últimas dos décadas, prestando especial atención a los fenómenos de dispersión urbana y recuperación del crecimiento de algunas comunas del área central de la ciudad de Santiago. Al respecto, la información analizada permite concluir que la tendencia dominante de crecimiento urbano continúa siendo hacia la expansión del área urbana del SUMS, al mismo tiempo que también se puede comprobar la recuperación de algunas de las comunas centrales, en un fenómeno complejo en el que dispersión territorial y re-centralización, aparecen como fenómenos complementarios y caracterizados por un patrón de urbanización desigual

New neoliberal public housing policies: between centrality discourse and peripheralization practices in Santiago, Chile

Periódico : Journal Housing Studies Link para o artigo: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02673037.2018.1458287 Abstract The lack of geographical equality in the development of neoliberal social housing models is evidence of differing ideological discourses and socio-spatial practices in the production of social housing. Based on a critical analysis of the Housing Policy for Quality Improvement and Social Integration promoted in Chile in 2006—the basis for a set of subsequent polic..

Desempenho forrageiro de híbridos de Paspalum obtidos por meio de cruzamentos interespecíficos

The goal of this study was to assess the variability of Paspalum plicatulum x P. guenoarum interspecific hybrids in terms of agronomic performance and their tolerance to cold conditions, as well as to estimate the correlation of different phenotypic characters associated with forage production. Twenty hybrids plants were used, besides one access P. guenoarum, one of P. plicatulum and the cultivar ‘Pensacola’ (P. notatum). Assessments were performed on individual plants, in a completely randomized design with five repetitions. Paspalum genotypes presented variability in total dry matter, leaf dry mass, leaf: stem ratio, and tolerance to cold. We suggest selection of the hybrids 08Q01 and 08Q44 for new stages within a forage improvement program. Estimates of phenotypic correlation may aid in the selection of genotypes with better agronomic traits.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade de híbridos interespecíficos de Paspalum plicatulum x P. guenoarum por meio do desempenho agronômico e tolerância ao frio, bem como estimar as correlações fenotípicas de diferentes caracteres ligados à produção de forragem. Foram utilizados 20 híbridos, um acesso de P. guenoarum, um de P. plicatulum e a cultivar ‘Pensacola’ (P. notatum). As avaliações foram realizadas em plantas individuais, em delineamento completamente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Os genótipos de Paspalum apresentam variabilidade para massa seca total, massa seca de folhas e relação folha: colmo e na tolerância ao frio. É possível selecionar os híbridos 08Q01 e 08Q44 para novas etapas dentro de um programa de melhoramento de forrageiras. As estimativas de correlações fenotípicas podem auxiliar na seleção de genótipos com caracteres agronômicos superiores

INSIGHTS INTO THE HABITS OF THE ELUSIVE NOCTURNAL CURASSOW (NOTHOCRAX URUMUTUM)

Nocturnal curassows (Nothocrax urumutum) are one of the most enigmatic birds from South American rainforests. Their elusive habits and their nocturnal vocal behavior have led to the generalized assumption that they differ from other curassows in their presumable nocturnal habits. Here, we compiled camera trap data from long term projects in the Amazon rainforest and the Andes Cordillera piedmont to describe the temporal activity of Nocturnal Curassows. Based on an overall sampling effort of 68838 camera nights we obtained 274 independent records of their activity. The results of this study evidence that Nothocrax has diurnal habits and resembles in activity patterns to all other cracids more than previously expected. This study highlights the use of novel technologies and collaborative research towards the understanding of the natural history, ecology and behavior of animals with cryptic behaviors such as the Nocturnal Curassows

Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) – a community perspective

This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through on-line media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focussed on process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016