The influence of variety on the content of bioactive compounds in beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.)

Vegetable are widespread throughout the world and is a major part of the human diet. From the perspective of agricultural crops that belong to the group of Beta vulgaris (beetroot, mangold, sugar beets, fodder beet) are first-rate vegetables. Especially popular is used in the food industry for the production of sugar, various vegetable juices, coloring agents, and many other products. Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) is considered one of the ten most important vegetable in the world, thanks to the content of rare natural pigments (betalains), polyphenols, flavonoids, antioxidants, vitamins, minerals and fiber. In this work we evaluated content of bioactive substances, especially the content of total polyphenols, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity in several varieties (Cylindra, Kahira, Chioggia, Crosby Egyptian) of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.). Samples of plant material were collected at full maturity stages from areas of Zeleneč (Czech Republic). Zeleneč is area without negative influences and emission sources. Samples of fresh beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) were homogenized and were prepared as an extract: 50 g cut beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) extracted by 100 mL 80% ethanol for sixteen hours. These extracts were used for analyses. The content of the total polyphenols was determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR). The absorbance was measured at 765 nm of wavelength against blank. The content of total anthocyanins was measured at 520 nm wavelength of the blank. Antioxidant activity was measured using a compound DPPH˙ (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) at 515.6 nm in the spectrophotometer. In the present experiment it was detected, that total polyphenols content in samples ranges from 218.00 mg.kg-1 to 887.75 mg.kg-1, total anthocyanins content in samples ranges from 14.48 ±0.40 mg.kg-1 to 84.50 ±4.71 mg.kg-1 and values of antioxidant activity were in interval from 8.37 ±0.29% to 21.83 ±0.35%

Evaluation and comparison of bioactive substances in selected species of the genus Allium

Allium is a genus of some 650 species belonging to the family Liliaceae. However only a few of these are important as food plants, notably garlic (Allium sativum L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), leek (Allium porrum L.) and wild garlic (Allium ursinum L.). They contain many health beneficial substances, such as sulphur compounds, vitamins (vitamin C), mineral substances (Fe, Mg, Ca, P), polyphenols (especielly quercetin) and substances antioxidant activity and fiber. In this work we evaluated the content of bioactive substances, especially the content of total polyphenols and antioxidant activity in several species (red onion, yellow onion, white onion, garlic, leek, wild garlic) of the genus Allium. Samples of plant material were collected at full maturity stages from Zohor (Slovak Republic). Zohor is an area without negative influences and emission sources. Samples of fresh species of the genus Allium were homogenized and prepared as an extract: 25 g cut plants material (red onion, yellow onion, white onion, garlic, leek, wild garlic) extracted with 50 mL of 80% ethanol for sixteen hours. These extracts were used for analyzes. The content of total polyphenols was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR). The absorbance was measured at 765 nm of wavelength versus blank. Antioxidant activity was measured using DPPHË™ (2,2-difenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) at 515.6 nm in the spectrophotometer. In the present experiment it was found that total polyphenols content in samples ranged from 83.59 mg.kg-1 to 758.63 mg.kg-1 and values of antioxidant activity were in the range from 7.19% to 53.55%

The content of total polyphenols and antioxidant activity in red beetroot

Red beetroot (Beta vulgaris rubra) is an important raw material of plant origin with proven positive effects on the human body. They can be eaten raw, boiled, steamed and roasted. Red beetrooot is a rich source of minerals substances (manganese, sodium, potassium, magnesium, iron, copper). Beetroot contains a lot of antioxidants, vitamins (A, C, B), fiber and natural dyes. Red beetroot is also rich in phenol compounds, which have antioxidant properties. These colorful root vegetables help protect against heart disease and certain cancers (colon cancer). In this work we evaluated content of total polyphenols and antioxidant activity in red beetroot. Samples of plant material were collected at full maturity stages from areas of Zohor, Sihelné, and Sliač. Zohor, Sihelné, and Sliač are areas without negative influences and emission sources. Samples of fresh red beetroot were homogenized and were prepared as an extract: 50 g cut beetroot extracted by 100 ml 80% ethanol for sixteen hours. These extracts were used for analyses. The content of the total polyphenols was determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR). The absorbance was measured at 765 nm of wavelength against blank. Antioxidant activity was measured using a compound DPPH˙ (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) at 515.6 nm in the    spectrophotometer. In the present experiment it was detected, that total polyphenols content in samples ranges from 820.10 mg/kg to 1280.56 mg/kg. Statistically significant highest value of total polyphenols was recorded in beetroot in variety of Renova from locality of Sliač (1280.56 ±28.78 mg/kg). Statistically significant the lowest content of total polyphenols was recorded in beetroot in variety of Renova from the village Sihelné (820.10 ±37.57 mg/kg). In this experiment the antioxidant activity in beetroot was evaluated and compared. The values of antioxidant activity were in interval from 19.63% to 29.82%

Biologically valuable substances in garlic (Allium sativum L.) – A review

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the most valuable plants in the world because it contains important substances with protective and healing effects on human health. Its health-promoting effects have been already known in ancient Egypt, China, Greece and also the Romans used it. Many studies have shown that garlic can help from colds, coughs, flu, pulmonary diseases, clean blood vessels, lowers blood pressure and cholesterol and has antibacterial, antiviral, anti-carcinogenic, anti-mutagenic and antioxidant properties. Garlic contains antioxidant that support the body´s defense mechanism against oxidative damage. The physiological effect of garlic can be affected by sulphur – containing compounds as well as other biologically active compounds such as polyphenols (mainly flavonoids), minerals (Ca, Fe, I, K, Mg, Na, Zn) and vitamins (A, B1, B2, B6, C). The main sulphur compound in garlic is alliin, converted to allicin by the enzyme alliinase, which results in a characteristic garlic aroma and taste

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) – the content of bioactive compounds

Genus Allium belongs to the family Alliaceae, which contains more than 600 species. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is the most popular food ingredient widely used all over the world. During the last few decades, garlic has received tremendous attention for their wide range of therapeutic properties and great health benefits. Garlic has possessed antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antiviral, antioxidant, anticholesteremic, anti-cancerous, and vasodilator characteristics. In this work the total polyphenols content, total sulfur content and antioxidant activity was compared and evaluated in four studied varieties of garlic (Mojm&iacute;r, Lukan, Z&aacute;horsk&yacute; and Makoi). The analyzed samples of garlic were collected at the stage of full maturity in the area Bardejov. The total polyphenols content was measured using the spectrophotometric method of Folin-Ciocalteu agents. The total polyphenols content in studied varieties of garlic were determined in the range 612.23 mg.kg-1 (Mojm&iacute;r) to 566.01 mg.kg-1 (Lukan). The total polyphenols content in garlic can be arranged as follows: Mojm&iacute;r &gt;Makoi &gt;Z&aacute;horsk&yacute; &gt;Lukan. The determination of the total sulfur content is based on dry combustion in the presence of oxygen and allows for the quantitative conversion of sulfur to SO2. Statistically significant highest level of total sulfur content was recorded in 0.638% (Mojm&iacute;r) and the lowest level was in 0.421% (Makoi). According to determined values of total sulfur content the studied varieties of garlic can be arranged in the following order: Mojm&iacute;r &gt;Lukan &gt;Z&aacute;horsk&yacute; &gt;Makoi. Antioxidant activity was determined by the spectrophotometric method using a compound DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl). The highest value of antioxidant activity was measured in Mojm&iacute;r (15.24%). The lowest level was observed in Makoi (11.73%). The antioxidant activity in garlic declined in the following order: Mojm&iacute;r &gt;Lukan &gt;Z&aacute;horsk&yacute; &gt;Makoi. In all studied samples of garlic was confirmed by the strong dependence of the total polyphenols content, total sulfur content and antioxidant activity.</p

The content of polyphenols and antioxidant activity in leaves and flowers of wild garlic (Allium ursinum L.)

Wild garlic (Allium ursinum L.) is a wildly growing plant that grows in forests and next to the streams. It has a specific aroma and taste resembling garlic. Wild garlic is increasingly favoured in gastronomy, food industry, and modern food technologies. The aim of this study was to analyse the dynamics of changes in total polyphenols content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) in wild garlic leaves and flowers during the vegetation period (from April to June). The samples of plant material were collected from the area of Bratislava – Železná studienka. The samples of fresh leaves and flowers were homogenized and a methanolic extract was prepared. These extracts were used for analyses. Total polyphenol content in the samples ranged from 726±10 mg GAE/kg FW to 14.1×102±13 mg GAE/kg FW. The values of antioxidant activity were from 10.7±1.57 to 25.9±1.06% inhibition FW

COVID-19: Is There Evidence for the Use of Herbal Medicines as Adjuvant Symptomatic Therapy?

Background: Current recommendations for the self-management of SARS-Cov-2 disease (COVID-19) include self-isolation, rest, hydration, and the use of NSAID in case of high fever only. It is expected that many patients will add other symptomatic/adjuvant treatments, such as herbal medicines. Aims: To provide a benefits/risks assessment of selected herbal medicines traditionally indicated for “respiratory diseases” within the current frame of the COVID-19 pandemic as an adjuvant treatment. Method: The plant selection was primarily based on species listed by the WHO and EMA, but some other herbal remedies were considered due to their widespread use in respiratory conditions. Preclinical and clinical data on their efficacy and safety were collected from authoritative sources. The target population were adults with early and mild flu symptoms without underlying conditions. These were evaluated according to a modified PrOACT-URL method with paracetamol, ibuprofen, and codeine as reference drugs. The benefits/risks balance of the treatments was classified as positive, promising, negative, and unknown. Results: A total of 39 herbal medicines were identified as very likely to appeal to the COVID-19 patient. According to our method, the benefits/risks assessment of the herbal medicines was found to be positive in 5 cases (Althaea officinalis, Commiphora molmol, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hedera helix, and Sambucus nigra), promising in 12 cases (Allium sativum, Andrographis paniculata, Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea purpurea, Eucalyptus globulus essential oil, Justicia pectoralis, Magnolia officinalis, Mikania glomerata, Pelargonium sidoides, Pimpinella anisum, Salix sp, Zingiber officinale), and unknown for the rest. On the same grounds, only ibuprofen resulted promising, but we could not find compelling evidence to endorse the use of paracetamol and/or codeine. Conclusions: Our work suggests that several herbal medicines have safety margins superior to those of reference drugs and enough levels of evidence to start a clinical discussion about their potential use as adjuvants in the treatment of early/mild common flu in otherwise healthy adults within the context of COVID-19. While these herbal medicines will not cure or prevent the flu, they may both improve general patient well-being and offer them an opportunity to personalize the therapeutic approaches

Construction of Theremin

Předkládaná diplomová práce popisuje hudební nástroj theremin, jeho jednotlivé součásti a jejich funkce. Dále je práci úspěšně řešen převod výstupu thereminu do formátu MIDI se zachováním možnosti hrát glissando.ObhájenoThe engineer thesis describes musical instrument theremin, its part and the function of thise parts. The conversion of theremins audio output to the MIDI data stream, with possibility of playing glissando intact, has been succesfuly solved

Creation of measuring workplace with frequency converter, PLC and gear unit MODACT for education

Předkládaná bakalářská práce popisuje jednotlivé součásti měřícího pracoviště a jejich funkci. Dále je věnována pozornost programovaní PLC, konkrétně v jazyce Simple3. V práci je také popsána konstrukce měřícího pracoviště.Katedra technologií a měřeníObhájenoThe bachelor thesis describes individual parts of the measuring workplace and their function. Attention is also paid to the PLC programming, specifically in the language Simple3. The thesis also describes the design and construction of the workplace

Design and implementation of open source library for molecular trajectory compression

Cílem této práce je navrhnout a implementovat v jazyce C++ multiplatformní, open-source knihovnu, která implementuje metodu Predictive Molecule Compression pro kompresi molekulárních trajektorií, a demonstrovat její integraci v projektu napsaném v jazyce Python. První část práce analyzuje možnosti vývoje multiplatformního software a technologie, které umožňují využití knihoven napsaných v C++ v jiných jazycích, především v jazyku Python. Dále popisuje fungování kompresní metody PMC pro potřeby její implementace. Druhá část popisuje návrh struktury a rozhraní knihovny a detaily její implementace a procesu sestavení. V závěru jsou pomocí experimentu srovnány kompresní, časové a paměťové výsledky implementované knihovny a již existujícího prototypu.ObhájenoThe goal of this thesis is to design and implement a cross-platform, open-source library in C++ that implements the Predictive Molecule Compression method for compression of molecular trajectory data and to demonstrate its integration in a Python project. The first part analyzes options for cross-platform software development and lists technologies that enable the integration of libraries written with C++ in projects written in other languages, especially Python. Furthermore, it describes the principles of the PMC method from the perspective of its implementation. The second part describes the design of the module structure and interface of the library and details its implementation and build system. Finally, the compression results, execution time, and memory footprint of the library are experimentally measured and compared with the results of the previously existing prototype