Quantitative Approach to the Problem of Underdevelopment

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Programing and Design Criteria for a High Density Urban Residential Complex

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Civil Engineerin

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THROWING VELOCITY WITH AND WITHOUT LEG MOVEMENTS AND ISOKINETIC MUSCLE STRENGTH IN ELITE WATER POLO PLAYERS

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship isokinetic strength that the elite water polo players produced with lower and upper limbs (with leg movements) and only upper limbs (without leg movements) and the velocity of the shoot. Eighteen elite male players of Turkish professional water polo first league aged between fifteen and thirty-three took part in the study voluntarily. The physical characteristics of the players were taken and throwing velocities of overhead, back hand and sweep throw were measured from position 2, 3, 4 and 6. Isokinetic strength measurements were made within different joint moves (trunk, shoulder, knee, hip). In two separate shooting protocols (with and without leg movements) the shooting velocity were measured in different positions. A significant difference was found between with and without leg movement in different throwing velocity shoots were recorded in different shooting positions (p<0.01). It was seen that the average of the velocity of with leg movements shoot was higher than the without leg movements shoot. In terms of shooting positions, 2nd position when the relationship between the velocity of with leg movement shoot and isokinetic muscle strength was considered, trunk flexion, shoulder extension, left hip abduction, left knee flexion as relevant p<0.05, a relationship with right knee extension was found (p<0.01). 3rd position, a positive relationship (p<0.05) was recorded between trunk flexion, shoulder flexion, left hip abduction, right knee extension and left knee flexion. In 4th position, between the with leg movement shoot and trunk flexion, shoulder flexion, right hip extension, left hip extension, right hip flexion, left hip flexion, right knee extension, left knee extension, left knee flexion and left hip abduction. A positive relationship (p<0.01) between with leg movement (back) shoots thrown from 6th and trunk flexion, shoulder extension, shoulder flexion, left hip extension, right hip flexion, left hip abduction, right knee extension and left knee extension. Also a positive relationship (p<0.05) between the with leg movement backhand shoots thrown in 6th position, and right hip extension and left hip flexion. A positive relationship (p<0.05) was seen between the shoots thrown from part 6th position with leg movement sweep shoots and trunk flexion and left hip extension. When the relationship between the velocity of without leg movement shoot and isokinetic strength is overviewed according to the positions, in 2nd position there is a relationship between without leg movement shoot and trunk flexion and shoulder extension, with the shoulder flexion a positive relationship was seen (p<0.01). In 3rd position, there is a positive relationship (p<0.01), was recorded in the trunk flexion, a positive relationship (p<0.05) was seen in shoulder extension and shoulder flexion. In 4th position, a positive relationship (p<0.01) was found with the trunk flexion. A positive relationship (p<0.01) was found with the without leg movement backhand shoots that were thrown from the 6th position and trunk flexion, shoulder extension, shoulder flexion. A positive relationship (p<0.05) was recorded with the without leg movement sweep shoots and trunk flexion and shoulder extension. In conclusion, the isokinetic strength produced by the lower and upper limbs’ relation with the velocity of with leg movement shoots thrown from different parts was found. The isokinetic strength produced by the upper limbs’ relation with the velocity of without leg movement shoots thrown from different parts was found. The isokinetic strength's (produced by the upper limbs) contribution to the velocity of the shoot in without leg movement shoot is higher than with leg movement shoots. The results of the study upper limbs strengths’ (trunk flexion, shoulder flexion, shoulder extension) are more effective in the velocity of the shoot.  Article visualizations

Insulin sensitivity indices: Fasting versus glucose-stimulated ýndices in pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare insulin sensitivity indices, fasting vs glucose stimulated, in children and adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundredeleven obese children with median age of 11.24 ± 2.65 years were evaluated. After initial clinical and anthropometric examination, B-mode ultrasonography (USG) was performed and all subjects underwent Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (Homa-IR), the insulinogenic index (IGI), the Matsuda index, and the oral glucose insulin sensitivity (OGIS) model were used to determine peripheral insulin sensitivity. RESULTS: 59.24% (68 boys, 57 girls) of obese children had NALFD. The prevalence of FLD in obese adolescents was significantly higher than in prepubertal children (65.8% vs. 51.5%). Fasting glucose, insulin, Homa-IR, QUICKI, and OGIS and Matsuda were significantly different between subjects with and without NALFD. Insulin and glucose indices were not found to be significantly different in the prepubertal group, whereas Homa-IR, QUICKI, Matsuda, and OGIS were significantly different in the pubertal group. Age, waist circumference, and OUICKI were found to be risk factors associated with the presence of NALFD in the logistic-regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Age, waist circumference, and OUICKI were found to be risk factors associated with NALFD. As the value of QUICKI decreases, the probability of having steatosis increases. Although OGTT results gave the information about the glucose tolerance of a subject, indices derived from OGTT were not found to be superior to the traditional surrogates such as Homa-IR or QUICKI

Magnetohydrodynamic Flow of Liquid-Metal in Circular Pipes for Externally Heated and Non-Heated Cases

The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study of external magnetic field effect on the steady, laminar, incompressible flow of an electrically conducting liquid-metal fluid in a pipe has been performed. The MHD Module of ANSYS Fluent commercial programme has been used to compute the flow and temperature fields. Na22K78 (sodium potassium) alloy has been used as operating fluid, which is liquid in room temperature. The simulations are performed for two different cases, first a non-heated pipe flow and secondly an externally heated pipe flow. For both cases, three different magnitude uniform external magnetic field, B0, applied (which are B0 = 0.5 T, 1.0 T and 1.25 T, T represents Tesla). The results are compared for the MHD effect on the flow variables in two cases separately, but also compared for heated and non-heated cases in order to analyze the temperature effect on MHD flows, as well. It is observed that heating is reducing the magnetic effect on the flow field. While in non-heated cases it is observed that very well-known slowing down effect of MHD on fluid flow, in heated case the velocity field shows a tendency to behave as if it were MHD is not applied. Towards the end of the physical length the heating seems dominating the MHD effect. It is shown that in heated case temperature differences and entropy differences are in tendency to behave as if it were MHD is not applied

Thermal and hydraulic optimization of plate heat exchanger using multi objective genetic algorithm

In this paper thermal and hydraulic optimization of water to water chevron type plate heat exchanger is presented. The optimization is performed using the multi objective genetic algorithm in MATLAB optimization environment. Constrain matrix is a set of different geometrical parameters of plate heat exchanger within the logical bounds. The two objective functions are pressure drop of hot side and heat transfer. Due to conflicting nature of these objective functions, no single solution can satisfy both of the objective function simultaneously. The increase in heat transfer will results in increase in pressure drop, therefore, optimization results are presented as Pareto Front. Multi objective genetic algorithm tool was employed to find a set of optimum solution which was trade-off between pressure drop and heat transfer. At the end, sensitivity analysis was performed to analyse the effect of geometrical parameters of heat exchanger on thermal and hydraulic performance. The sensitivity results show that the heat transfer and pressure drop are greatly affected by the vertical port centre distance, plate spacing and number of thermal plates

Roles of the Oxidative Stress and ADMA in the Development of Deep Venous Thrombosis

Venous thromboembolism has multifactorial origin and occurs in the context of complex interactions between environmental and genetic predisposing factors. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the physiopathology of venous thrombosis. Current study examined the role of oxidative stress and asymmetric dimethylarginine in the development of DVT with the parameters such as serum malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase, ADMA, homocysteine, folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 levels. Serum MDA levels were found significantly (P0.05). This study showed that patients with DVT have increased oxidative stress compared with the healthy volunteers whereas there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of serum ADMA levels. Thus serum ADMA levels seemed to be not related with development of DVT