PUBLIC ART AND INTER DISCIPLINARITY. THE DISCIPLINARY ARTISTI C EDUCATION PROBLEMS

El reconeixement de les característiques i diferències entre art, art en l'espai públic i art públic han d’aclarir quines són les competències que ha de tenir un artista públic. L’artista tradicional, acostumava a actuar dins l'àmbit de l’art introspectiu en referència a un mateix, no necessàriament habilitats o eines metodològiques per actuar en un entorn complex i dinàmic com l'espai públic, el qual exigeix que l'altre -el públic– es situí en el centre dels objectius d'aquests projectes. La complexitat de l'espai públic no pot ésser cobert per una sola disciplina, així que en els processos de projectació urbanística, l'art públic esdevé treball interdisciplinari; necessari per assolir una visió àmplia i sintètica integrant diversos problemes, per donar respostes a la complexitat que inclouen les necessitats i expectatives de la comunitat. Com ha de ser doncs la formació d’un artista públic? S’ha de partir de la formació disciplinar integrant-la amb disciplines com el disseny –les quals tenen una marcada vocació envers altri- o s’ha de crear una formació específica que doti a l’artista tant de les habilitats comunicatives i expressives a través de l’experiència estètica -pròpies del llenguatge artístic- como de la vocació de satisfer les necessitats de la col·lectivitat –pròpies del disseny i la capacitat de treballar interdisciplinarment? Arribem a la conclusió que es important la formació artística disciplinar com a bagatge de coneixement especialitzat a compartir en el treball interdisciplinari, però acompanyat d’una educació actitudinal que alliberi a l’artista públic de les dificultats pròpies de l’aspecte introspectiu de la seva formació artística. En especial formar l’artista amb metodologies i dinàmiques de treball necessàries per desenvolupar -se positiva i productivament en contextos de treball interdisciplinari.El reconocimiento de las características y diferencias entre arte, arte en el espacio público y arte público han ido clarificando cuáles son las competencias que debe tener un artista público. El artista tradicional, habituado a actuar dentro la esfera introspectiva y autorreferencial del arte, no necesariamente tiene las aptitudes necesarias ni las herramientas metodológicas para actuar en un entorno complejo y dinámico como el espacio público, que exige que el otro –el público- esté en centro de los objetivos de estos proyectos. La complejidad del espacio público no puede ser abarcada por una sola disciplina, por lo que en los procesos de diseño urbano y arte público se hace necesario el trabajo interdisciplinario conducente a lograr una visión amplia y una síntesis integradora de sus problemáticas, para proponer respuestas acordes a la complejidad que estos proyectos tienen que enfrentar, entre las cuales se encuentran las necesidades y expectativas de la colectividad. ¿Cómo debe ser entonces la formación de un artista público? ¿Se debe partir de la formación disciplinar integrándola con disciplinas como el diseño –que tienen una marcada vocación hacia el otro- o es que hay que crear una formación específica que dote al artista público tanto de las habilidades comunicativas y expresivas a través de la experiencia estética –propias del lenguaje artístico- como de la vocación de satisfacer las necesidades de la colectividad- propias del diseño- y la capacidad de trabajar interdisciplinarmente –que es lo óptimo a la hora de abordar proyectos de arte o diseño en el espacio público? Llegamos a la conclusión que es importante la formación artística disciplinar como bagaje de conocimiento especializado a compartir en el trabajo interdisciplinario, pero acompañada de una educación actitudinal que libere al artista público de las dificultades que el aspecto introspectivo de su formación artística le puede acarrear, así como formarlo con las metodologías y dinámicas de trabajo necesarias para desenvolverse positiva y productivamente en contextos de trabajo interdisciplinario.The process of recognition of the characteristics and differences between art, art in public space and public art have been clarifying which are the competencies that a public artist must have. The traditional artist, accustomed to act inside the introspective and self -referential art field, has not necessarily the skills or the methodological tools to act in a complex and dynamic environment as the public space, which requires that the other -the public- is centered in the project objectives. The complexity of the public space cannot be covered by a single discipline, so that in the urban design and public art processes, becomes a necessity the interdisciplinary work in order to achieving a broad vision and an integrating synthesis of the problems, to propose adequate responses to the complexity of these projects that include the needs and expectations of the community. How should be the proper educational training of a public artist? Should it start under a disciplinary training integrated with other disciplines such as design -which have a marked vocation towards the other- or should it be necessary to create a specific training capable of both integrate the communicative an expressive skills through aesthetics –as the artistic language– and satisfy the collective needs. All these with the development of interdisciplinarity work competences in order to address projects of art and design in the public realm. We came to the conclusion that it is important the disciplinary artistic training, as the base of a specialized knowledge. Developing an educational attitude for interdisciplinary work, that releases the artist from the introspective aspects of the artistic training to the interdisciplinary work for the collective

SILAE special issue: Italo-latin american ethnoknowledge and research on medicinal plants

Ethnomedicine (SILAE, www.silae.it) is an international non-profit organization dedicated to advancing science around the world by serving as an educator, leader, spokesperson and professional association. The fundamental objective of SILAE is to promote research and development into the use of medicinal and food plants in different countries of the World. SILAE welcomes and actively seeks opportunities to work cooperatively, activating and intensifying scientific relations between countries and between SILAE members. Since SILAE was founded (1990) its objective has been set to contribute to the close examination of the themes of great interest and actuality in the context of the relationships between Latin America and the European Union. In addition to this, SILAE aimed to individualize new ways of collaboration between its member countries and other European as well as Asiatic countries to sign accords with intergovernmental organizations. SILAE proposes to establish contacts with Scientific Communities, Universities, and Research Centres for the pursuit of medicinal and food plants knowledge. Moreover SILAE_live, the one-to-one live Chat and Messenger on our website (www.silae.it), is the first scientific chat on the web and is a developed tool to engage the interest and imagination of the public and for helping nonscientists to understand and enjoy scientific discoveries and the scientific processes. In addition to organizing membership activities, SILAE publishes the SILAE Special Issues, as well as many scientifi c newsletters, books and reports, and spearheads programs that raise the bar of understanding for science worldwide. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy is publishing a special issue that contains a selection of papers that were presented at the XIX SILAE Congress (Cagliari, Italy, September, 6-10, 2010). For the Conference, 292 SILAE Special Issue: Italo-Latin American Ethnoknowledge and Research on Medicinal Plant

Nanoparticle-based receptors mimic protein-ligand recognition

The self-assembly of a monolayer of ligands on the surface of noble metal nanoparticles dictates the fundamental nanoparticle\u2019s behavior and its functionality. In this combined computational\u2013experimental study, we analyze the structure, organization, and dynamics of functionalized coating thiols in monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). We explain how functionalized coating thiols self-organize through a delicate and somehow counterintuitive balance of interactions within the monolayer itself and with the solvent. We further describe how the nature and plasticity of these interactions modulate nanoparticle-based chemosensing. Importantly, we found that self-organization of coating thiols can induce the formation of binding pockets in AuNPs. These transient cavities can accommodate small molecules, mimicking protein-ligand recognition, which may explain the selectivity and sensitivity observed for different organic analytes in NMR chemosensing experiments. Thus, our findings advocate for the rational design of tailored coating groups to form specific recognition binding sites on monolayer-protected AuNPs

Ionic liquid crystals based on viologen dimers: tuning the mesomorphism by varying the conformational freedom of the ionic layer

We investigated the liquid crystal behaviour of newly synthesised bistriflimide salts of symmetric viologen dimers. A smectic A phase was observed for intermediate spacer lengths and for relatively long lateral alkyl chains. The systems were characterised by thermal analysis, polarised optical microscopy, X-ray scattering and solid-state NMR. An intermediate ordered smectic phase was also exhibited by the compounds (except for systems with very short lateral chains) consisting of molten layers of alkyl chains and partially ordered ionic layers. These results, relating to the mesomorphic behaviour of viologen salts, are qualitatively compared to those of the more common imidazolium salts, highlighting the importance of the conformational degrees of freedom of the anions and of the cationic core. It appears that fine tuning of the conformational degrees of freedom of the ionic layer is an important component of mesophase stabilisation

MiRNA deregulation targets specific pathways in leiomyosarcoma development: An in silico analysis

BackgroundMicroRNA (miRNA) mediate post-transcriptional gene repression and are involved in a variety of human diseases, including cancer. Soft tissue sarcomas are rare malignancies with a variety of histological subtypes which may occur virtually anywhere in the human body. Leiomyosarcoma is one of the most common subtypes, shows a smooth muscle phenotype and its cancerogenesis is still unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the potential role of miRNA differential expression in leiomyosarcoma development.MethodsWe first employed the Sarcoma microRNA Expression Database, a repository that describes the patterns of over 1000 miRNA expression in various human sarcoma types, to identify differentially expressed miRNA comparing leiomyosarcoma and smooth muscle samples. Subsequently, we identified putative target genes of those miRNAs with the TargetScan prediction tool. Finally, we evaluated whether the retrieved pool of putative targets was enriched in genes belonging to specific molecular pathways by means of the Enrichr analysis tool. Protein-protein network analysis was analyzed by means of the STRING web tool.ResultsOut of 1120 miRNAs tested, the expression of 301 miRNAs was statistically significantly different between leiomyosarcoma and smooth muscle samples. The hypothetical targets could be predicted for 172 miRNAs. 438 genes were predicted to be the targets with high confidence (cumulative weighted context score cut-off level less than -1.0) and analyzed for belonging to specific molecular pathways. Pathway analysis suggested that RNA Polymerase III, tRNA functions and synaptic neurotransmission (with special regard to dopamine mediated signaling) could be involved in leiomyosarcoma development.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that data mining of publicly available repositories can be useful to suggest molecular pathways underlying the pathogenesis of rare tumors such as leiomyosarcoma

Unusual cytotoxic sulfated cadinene-type sesquiterpene glycosides from cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum).

Two new sulfated cadinene-type sesquiterpene glycosides, 13-hydroxy-7-O-(60-O-sulfate-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-desoxyhemigossypol (1) and 13,15-dihydroxy-7-O-(60-O-sulfate-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-desoxyhemigossypol (2), have been isolated from whole cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum). Their structures, which possess an unusual 6-O-sulfate-glucopyranosyl moiety, were determined through the interpretation of 2D NMR spectral data and H/D exchange ESI-MS experiments. Compounds 1 and 2 were screened for their toxicity on Jurkat cells. Both compounds inhibited cellular proliferation with IC50 values of 8.1 and 4.2 mg, respectively

Core proteome mediated therapeutic target mining and multi-epitope vaccine design for Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative spiral-shaped bacterium that infects half of the human population worldwide and causes chronic inflammation. In the present study, we used the art of computational biology for therapeutic drug targets identification and a multi-epitope vaccine against multi-strains of H. pylori. For drug target identification, we used different tools and softwares to identify human non-homologous but pathogen essential proteins, with virulent properties and involved in unique metabolic pathways of H. pylori. For this purpose, the core proteome of 84 strains of H. pylori was retrieved from EDGAR 2.3 database. There were 59,808 proteins sequences in these strains. Duplicates and paralogous protein sequence removal was followed by human non-homologous protein miningPathogen essential and virulent proteins were subjected to pathway analysis Subcellular localization of the virulent proteins was predicted and druggability was also checked, leading to 30 druggable targets based on their similarity with the approved drug targets in Drugbank. For immunoinformatics analysis, we selected two outer membrane proteins (HPAKL86_RS06305 and HPSNT_RS00950) and subjected to determined immunogenic B and T-Cell epitopes. The B and T-Cell overlapped epitopes were selected to design 9 different vaccine constructs by using linkers and adjuvants. Least allergenic and most antigenic construct (C-8) was selected as a promiscuous vaccine to elicit host immune response. Cloning and in silico expression of the constructed vaccine (C-8) was done to produce a clone having the desired (gene) vaccine construct. In conclusion, the prioritized therapeutic targets for 84 strains of H.pylori will be useful for future therapy design. Vaccine design may also prove useful in the quest for targeting multi-strains of H. pylori in patients

Fatti attenenti all'inquisizione e sua storia generale e particolare di Toscana - Rastrelli, Modesto

Fatti attenenti all'inquisizione e sua storia generale e particolare di Toscana In Venezia : appresso Vincenzio Formaleoni, 1782 174 [i.e. 274], [2] p., [2] carte di tav. ripieg. : ill. calcografiche ; 12° Di M. Rastrelli, cfr. Melzi, G. Anonime e pseudonime, v. 1., p. 397 Segnatura: A-L¹² M⁶ (bianca carta M6); carta M5v erroneamente paginata 174 anzichè 274; frontespizio in cornice xilografica; fregio xilografico