49 research outputs found
Constraints on Extra Gauge Bosons in e gamma Collisions
We investigate the sensitivity of e- gamma ---> nu_e nu_mu(bar) mu- to extra
charged gauge bosons. The sensitivity is much below that of e-e+ ---> nu
nu(bar) gamma. We conclude that e- gamma ---> d u(bar) nu_e and e- gamma ---> f
f(bar) e- are also inferior to e+e- collisions in setting bounds on extra
charged and neutral gauge bosons and on four fermion contact interactions.Comment: 6 pages Latex, 5 figures included by epsf, uses e-e-ijmpa.sty and
citepunct.sty (included
Global drivers influencing water productivity, food security and livelihood of the local people in the coastal areas of the Ganges Basin
Hypolipemic and weight reducing properties from Tamarindus indica L. pulp extract in diet-induced obese rats.
The global prevalence of overweight and obesity has reached epidemic proportions. Hyperlipemia couple with increased oxidative stress generates various degenerative diseases such as hypertension and cardiovascular problems. In the present study, a hypolipemic and weight reducing effects of crude Tamarindus indica L. pulp extract were examined in adult Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-fat diet. Animals were fed on either normal chow or high-fat diet for 10 weeks for obesity induction and subsequently received either placebo or T. indica L. extract at 5, 25, 50 or 300 mg kg-1 chitosan via oral gavage for another 10 weeks. Treatment of obese rats with the T. indica pulp extract led to a decrease in the levels of plasma total cholesterol (TCHOL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) and increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level with concomitant reduction of body weight. The extract improved the efficiency of the antioxidant defense system, as indicated by increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and subsequently resulted in significantly lower lipid peroxidation indices; malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Together these results indicate the potential use of T. indica extracts as hypolipemic and antioxidative agent apart from its ability to reduce body weight in obese-induced rats
Discovery and Identifictation of Extra Gauge Bosons in e^+e^- -> nu nubar gamma
We examine the sensitivity of the process e+e- -> nu nubar gamma to extra
gauge bosons, Z' and W', which arise in various extensions of the standard
model. The process is found to be sensitive to W' masses up to several TeV,
depending on the model, the center of mass energy, and the assumed integrated
luminosity. If extra gauge bosons were discovered first in other experiments,
the process could also be used to measure Z' nu nubar and W' couplings. This
measurement would provide information that could be used to unravel the
underlying theory, complementary to measurements at the Large Hadron Collider.Comment: 45 pages, 17 postscript figures, Latex. Uses RevTex and epsfi
Effective Lagrangian Approach to the Theory of Eta Photoproduction in the Region
We investigate eta photoproduction in the resonance region
within the effective Lagrangian approach (ELA), wherein leading contributions
to the amplitude at the tree level are taken into account. These include the
nucleon Born terms and the leading -channel vector meson exchanges as the
non-resonant pieces. In addition, we consider five resonance contributions in
the - and - channel; besides the dominant , these are:
and . The amplitudes for the
and the photoproduction near threshold have significant
differences, even as they share common contributions, such as those of the
nucleon Born terms. Among these differences, the contribution to the
photoproduction of the -channel excitation of the is the most
significant. We find the off-shell properties of the spin-3/2 resonances to be
important in determining the background contributions. Fitting our effective
amplitude to the available data base allows us to extract the quantity
, characteristic of the
photoexcitation of the resonance and its decay into the
-nucleon channel, of interest to precise tests of hadron models. At the
photon point, we determine it to be from
the old data base, and from a
combination of old data base and new Bates data. We obtain the helicity
amplitude for to be from the old data base, and from the combination of the old data base and new Bates
data, compared with the results of the analysis of pion photoproduction
yielding , in the same units.Comment: 43 pages, RevTeX, 9 figures available upon request, to appear in
Phys. Rev.
Efficacy and safety of dupilumab with concomitant topical corticosteroids in children 6 to 11 years old with severe atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial
Background
Children with severe atopic dermatitis (AD) have limited treatment options.
Objective
We report efficacy and safety of dupilumab + topical corticosteroids (TCS) in children aged 6–11 years with severe AD inadequately controlled with topical therapies.
Methods
In this double-blind, 16-week, phase 3 trial (NCT03345914), 367 patients were randomized 1:1:1 to 300mg dupilumab every 4 weeks (300mg-q4w), a weight-based regimen of dupilumab every 2 weeks (100mg-q2w, baseline weight <30kg; 200mg-q2w, ≥30kg), or placebo; with concomitant medium-potency TCS.
Results
Both the q4w and q2w dupilumab+TCS regimens resulted in clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvement in signs, symptoms, and quality of life (QoL) versus placebo+TCS in all prespecified endpoints. For q4w/q2w/placebo, 32.8%/29.5%/11.4% of patients achieved Investigator’s Global Assessment scores of 0/1; 69.7%/67.2%/26.8% achieved ≥75% improvement in Eczema Area and Severity Index scores; and 50.8%/58.3%/12.3% achieved ≥4-point reduction in worst itch score. Response to therapy was weight-dependent: optimal dupilumab doses for efficacy and safety were 300mg-q4w in children <30kg and 200mg-q2w in children ≥30kg. Conjunctivitis and injection-site reactions were more common with dupilumab+TCS than placebo+TCS.
Limitations
Short-term 16-week treatment period; severe AD only.
Conclusion
Dupilumab+TCS is efficacious and well tolerated in children with severe AD, significantly improving signs, symptoms, and QoL
Antimicrobial activity of honeys from two stingless honeybee species and Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) against pathogenic microorganisms
Measurement of the branching ratio Γ(Λb⁰ → ψ(2S)Λ0)/Γ(Λb⁰ → J/ψΛ0) with the ATLAS detector
An observation of the decay and
a comparison of its branching fraction with that of the decay has been made with the ATLAS detector in
proton--proton collisions at TeV at the LHC using an integrated
luminosity of fb. The and mesons are
reconstructed in their decays to a muon pair, while the decay is exploited for the baryon reconstruction. The
baryons are reconstructed with transverse momentum GeV and pseudorapidity . The measured branching ratio of
the and decays is , lower than the expectation from the
covariant quark model.Comment: 12 pages plus author list (28 pages total), 5 figures, 1 table,
published on Physics Letters B 751 (2015) 63-80. All figures are available at
https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/BPHY-2013-08
Track D Social Science, Human Rights and Political Science
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138414/1/jia218442.pd
Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980�2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
Background Improving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations requires timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides a comprehensive assessment of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. These results informed an in-depth investigation of observed and expected mortality patterns based on sociodemographic measures. Methods We estimated all-cause mortality by age, sex, geography, and year using an improved analytical approach originally developed for GBD 2013 and GBD 2010. Improvements included refinements to the estimation of child and adult mortality and corresponding uncertainty, parameter selection for under-5 mortality synthesis by spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, and sibling history data processing. We also expanded the database of vital registration, survey, and census data to 14�294 geography�year datapoints. For GBD 2015, eight causes, including Ebola virus disease, were added to the previous GBD cause list for mortality. We used six modelling approaches to assess cause-specific mortality, with the Cause of Death Ensemble Model (CODEm) generating estimates for most causes. We used a series of novel analyses to systematically quantify the drivers of trends in mortality across geographies. First, we assessed observed and expected levels and trends of cause-specific mortality as they relate to the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Second, we examined factors affecting total mortality patterns through a series of counterfactual scenarios, testing the magnitude by which population growth, population age structures, and epidemiological changes contributed to shifts in mortality. Finally, we attributed changes in life expectancy to changes in cause of death. We documented each step of the GBD 2015 estimation processes, as well as data sources, in accordance with Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER). Findings Globally, life expectancy from birth increased from 61·7 years (95 uncertainty interval 61·4�61·9) in 1980 to 71·8 years (71·5�72·2) in 2015. Several countries in sub-Saharan Africa had very large gains in life expectancy from 2005 to 2015, rebounding from an era of exceedingly high loss of life due to HIV/AIDS. At the same time, many geographies saw life expectancy stagnate or decline, particularly for men and in countries with rising mortality from war or interpersonal violence. From 2005 to 2015, male life expectancy in Syria dropped by 11·3 years (3·7�17·4), to 62·6 years (56·5�70·2). Total deaths increased by 4·1 (2·6�5·6) from 2005 to 2015, rising to 55·8 million (54·9 million to 56·6 million) in 2015, but age-standardised death rates fell by 17·0 (15·8�18·1) during this time, underscoring changes in population growth and shifts in global age structures. The result was similar for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with total deaths from these causes increasing by 14·1 (12·6�16·0) to 39·8 million (39·2 million to 40·5 million) in 2015, whereas age-standardised rates decreased by 13·1 (11·9�14·3). Globally, this mortality pattern emerged for several NCDs, including several types of cancer, ischaemic heart disease, cirrhosis, and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. By contrast, both total deaths and age-standardised death rates due to communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional conditions significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, gains largely attributable to decreases in mortality rates due to HIV/AIDS (42·1, 39·1�44·6), malaria (43·1, 34·7�51·8), neonatal preterm birth complications (29·8, 24·8�34·9), and maternal disorders (29·1, 19·3�37·1). Progress was slower for several causes, such as lower respiratory infections and nutritional deficiencies, whereas deaths increased for others, including dengue and drug use disorders. Age-standardised death rates due to injuries significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, yet interpersonal violence and war claimed increasingly more lives in some regions, particularly in the Middle East. In 2015, rotaviral enteritis (rotavirus) was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to diarrhoea (146�000 deaths, 118�000�183�000) and pneumococcal pneumonia was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to lower respiratory infections (393�000 deaths, 228�000�532�000), although pathogen-specific mortality varied by region. Globally, the effects of population growth, ageing, and changes in age-standardised death rates substantially differed by cause. Our analyses on the expected associations between cause-specific mortality and SDI show the regular shifts in cause of death composition and population age structure with rising SDI. Country patterns of premature mortality (measured as years of life lost YLLs) and how they differ from the level expected on the basis of SDI alone revealed distinct but highly heterogeneous patterns by region and country or territory. Ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and diabetes were among the leading causes of YLLs in most regions, but in many cases, intraregional results sharply diverged for ratios of observed and expected YLLs based on SDI. Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases caused the most YLLs throughout sub-Saharan Africa, with observed YLLs far exceeding expected YLLs for countries in which malaria or HIV/AIDS remained the leading causes of early death. Interpretation At the global scale, age-specific mortality has steadily improved over the past 35 years; this pattern of general progress continued in the past decade. Progress has been faster in most countries than expected on the basis of development measured by the SDI. Against this background of progress, some countries have seen falls in life expectancy, and age-standardised death rates for some causes are increasing. Despite progress in reducing age-standardised death rates, population growth and ageing mean that the number of deaths from most non-communicable causes are increasing in most countries, putting increased demands on health systems. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY licens