The house is in order. Intrasite spatial analysis of delta vulcana 1 (Lake Musters, Chubut) and mobility of gatherers-hunters in central Patagonia during the Late Holocene

Este trabajo se propone conocer cómo se distribuye el registro arqueológico en el sitio Delta del Arroyo Vulcana 1 (lago Musters, Chubut) y de este modo, contribuir la comprensión de las pautas de movilidad y asentamiento que emplearon los cazadores-recolectores que habitaron en la región durante el Holoceno tardío. Para tal fin se realizaron mapas de distribución y de densidad, mediante la utilización de un sistema de información geográfica. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que existe una marcada estructuración intrasitio, y además permiten postular que en el sitio se llevaron a cabo tareas de ordenamiento y mantenimiento del espacio interno. Estos resultados aportan elementos a la discusión del modelo de alta movilidad residencial planteado para el Holoceno Tardío.The main purpose of our article is to know how the archaeological register in Delta Arroyo Vulcana 1 (Musters Lake, Chubut) is distributed and with our conclusions help to understand the mobility and settlement of the hunter-gatherers that lived in the region during the Late Holocene. For our work, we design distribution and density maps by using a geographic information system. The results shows that exists an intrasite structure, and support the idea that in that region prevailed resolutions that involved a model of order and maintenance of the internal space. These results provide elements within the discusion of high residential mobility in the Late HoloceneFil: Peralta Gonzalez, Santiago. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "san Juan Bosco". Facultad de Humanidades y Cs. Sociales (sede Trelew); Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Moreno, Julian Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "san Juan Bosco". Facultad de Humanidades y Cs. Sociales (sede Trelew); Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Perez Ruiz, Hugo. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "san Juan Bosco". Facultad de Humanidades y Cs. Sociales (sede Trelew); Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentin

Discoid stones finding at La Campanita Alto 17 site, bass of Sarmiento, Chubut Province

Los litos discoidales son una clase de artefacto que se ha registrado en sitios tempranos de Sudamérica, en ocasiones asociados a puntas de proyectil de tipo cola de pescado. En este trabajo se presenta el hallazgo de dos litos discoidales recuperados en un contexto superficial a cielo abierto en el sitio La Campanita Alto 17, en el bajo de Sarmiento, Provincia de Chubut. Se exponen las características morfológicas de los artefactos, las materias primas y se discute si ambas piezas pudieron haber sido utilizadas en conjunto, así como su cronología en relación al contexto geomorfológico y arqueológico del área de estudio. Esta información permite ampliar la distribución geográfica conocida para los litos discoidales en Patagonia. Además, resulta de gran relevancia la presencia de estos artefactos ya que constituyen indicios que permiten discutir el proceso de ocupación temprana en el área.Discoidal stones have been recorded in early sites in South America, sometimes associated with fishtail projectile points. This paper presents two discoidal stones recovered at La Campanita Alto 17, an open-air archaeological site, bass of Sarmiento, Chubut Province. The morphological characteristics of the artifacts and lithic raw materials are exposed and whether both pieces could have been used together it is discussed, as well as their chronology in relation to geomorphological and archaeological context of the study area. This information allows us to broaden the known geographic distribution for discoidal stones in Patagonia. In addition, the presence of these artifacts is of great relevance since they constitute evidences that allow us to discuss the early occupation process in the area.Fil: Peralta Gonzalez, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "san Juan Bosco". Facultad de Humanidades y Cs.sociales - Sede Comodoro. Departamento de Historia; ArgentinaFil: Hammond, Heidi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; ArgentinaFil: Zilio, Leandro. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Moreno, Julian Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "san Juan Bosco". Facultad de Humanidades y Cs.sociales - Sede Comodoro. Departamento de Historia; Argentin

Propuesta estratégica de mejora en la implementación de los estándares mínimos del sistema de gestión de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo (sg-sst) en la empresa ese hospital San Félix

¿Cómo realizar la implementación de los requisitos básicos del Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (SGSST), basándolos diagnósticos iniciales y con el fin de proponer una metodología para facilitar el conocimiento de los requisitos legales que le aplica al Hospital San Félix de la Dorada Caldas? Este trabajo es realizado con el fin de presentar un plan de mejoramiento enfocado a garantizar el bien estar de los trabajadores y así dar cumplimiento a los objetivos estratégicos de la misma, brindando una mejora al plan que se tiene en marcha, basando en fuentes primarias de investigación como son las encuestas.How to carry out the implementation of the basic requirements of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SGSST), basing them on initial diagnoses and with the purpose of proposing information for the knowledge of the legal requirements that apply to the San Felix Hospital of La Dorada, Caldas? This work has been carried out in order to present an improvement plan focused on guaranteeing the good of the workers and the fulfillment of the objectives of the strategic objectives of the same, provided an improvement to the plan that is underway, basing on sources primary research such as surveys

Exogenous melatonin does not improve the freezability of Blanca Andaluza goat semen over exposure to two months of short days

This paper compares the effects of exposure to exogenous melatonin (MEL), short days (SD, 8 h of light) and long days (LD, 16 h of light), on reproductive activity, sperm motility and other reproductive variables, in Blanca Andaluza bucks. Fourteen males were spilt into two groups of seven animals (G1 and G2). They were subjected to five alternations of 2 months of LD followed by 2 months of SD or MEL before the experimental period of three consecutive intervals of: (1) 2 months of SD (G1, N = 7) or MEL (G2, N = 7); (2) 2 months of LD (G1 + G2, N = 14); and (3) 2 months of SD (G2, N = 7) or MEL (G1, N = 7). Plasma testosterone concentration, live weight, testicular weight and fresh semen quality were determined weekly. Semen was also cooled and frozen–thawed every fortnight, and the same quality variables measured as for fresh sperm. When the bucks were under LD treatment, the testosterone concentration was lower than when under MEL or SD treatment (P < 0.01); values for the semen concentration and total number of sperm per ejaculate were also higher (P < 0.001). No differences were observed between the MEL and SD treatments in terms of fresh, cooled or frozen–thawed sperm quality. Only some quality variables on fresh semen were improved by MEL and SD treatment (P < 0.05). In conclusion the results of the present experiment showed that MEL improved the fresh semen motility variables, but this did not improve the motility of frozen–thawed sperm over that recorded for either SD or LD treatment

Primeros resultados de los trabajos arqueológicos en el lago Colhué Huapi (Chubut)

El objetivo general del proyecto de investigación, iniciado en 2005, es el estudio de los procesos de diversificación económica en poblaciones cazadoras recolectoras de Patagonia Central. Generalmente se considera que estos grupos basaron su economía casi exclusivamente en la caza del guanaco (Lama guanicoe); sin embargo, creemos que la economía de estos grupos pudo haber sido más diversificada en momentos y ambientes (o microambientes) particulares, como es el caso de los sistemas lacustres. (...)Fil: Moreno, Julian Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Perez Ruiz, Hugo Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia ; ArgentinaFil: Ramirez Rozzi, Fernando. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Reyes, Mariano Rodolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Svoboda, Ariadna. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral; ArgentinaFil: Peralta Gonzalez, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Herrera Santana, Misael. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia ; Argentin

Seasonal changes in reproductive activity, sperm variables and sperm freezability in Blanca Andaluza bucks

Interest in the preservation of endangered breeds such as the Blanca Andaluza goat, has increased and some steps should be therefore taken to ensure it. The study was designed to determine the seasonal reproductive pattern of Blanca Andaluza bucks, and whether this affects the quality of their semen and its freezability over the year. Seven bucks were used and their body weight, testicular weight, plasma testosterone concentration and fresh sperm quality determined every week. The collected sperm was cryopreserved and stored; it was then thawed and the same sperm quality variables measured every fortnight. High plasma testosterone concentrations were recorded during the summer and autumn, and low concentrations were recorded during winter and spring (p<0.001). No differences were seen between seasons in terms of the percentage of bucks ejaculating, the percentage of active bucks, or ejaculate volume. However, the sperm concentration, the total number of sperm per ejaculate, and the values for most fresh sperm variables were lower during the winter period (at least p<0.05). After freezing-thawing, the quality of winter-collected sperm was better, in some respects, than that of summer-collected sperm (at least p<0.05). These results reveal that Blanca Andaluza bucks show seasonal reproductive activity in terms of their plasma testosterone concentration, but no clear change in their sexual behaviour between seasons was observed. The values of fresh sperm variables also vary over the year, reaching their lowest during winter. However, after freezing-thawing, winter-collected sperm is of overall better quality than sperm collected during the summer

Influence of Prolactin Secretion Changes on Sperm Head Size and Freezability in Ibex and Mouflon

Aim: This work examined the influence of induced changes in prolactin (PRL) secretion on sperm cryoresistance of ibex and the mouflon. Materials and Methods: PRL secretion was modified in a first experiment by the use of bromocriptine (BCR, dopamine agonist) during the non-breeding season, and in a second experiment by the use of sulpiride (SLP, dopamine D2-receptor antagonist) during the rutting season. Slow and ultra-rapid freezing protocols were used to cryopreserve sperm samples. Results: BCR decreased blood plasma PRL concentrations, whereas SLP increased them. Cryoresistance ratios (CRs) for curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight-line velocity (VSL), and average path velocity (VAP) in BCR-treated mouflons were lower than in controls using slow-freezing (p < 0.05), while CRs of motility and morphologically normal sperm of BCR-treated mouflons were greater than controls with ultra-rapid freezing (p < 0.05). BCR increased the head sperm dimensions in ibexes (p < 0.001); conversely, BCR decreased the head dimensions in mouflons (p < 0.001). CR-motility, CR-amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), CR-viability, and CR-acrosome integrity in SLP-treated mouflons were lower than in controls with slow-freezing (p < 0.01); CR-viability and CR-acrosome were lower than controls with ultra-rapid freezing (p < 0.05). In ibexes, CR-ALH was lower for SLP-treated (p < 0.05). SLP treatment increased head dimensions in ibexes (p < 0.001) but did not affect the sperm head of mouflons. Conclusion: Our findings show that high levels of blood plasma PRL negatively affect the cryoresistance of ibex and mouflon sperm.Peer reviewe

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Prognostic factors of a lower CD4/CD8 ratio in long term viral suppression HIV infected children

Background Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is associated with marked immune reconstitution. Although a long term viral suppression is achievable, not all children however, attain complete immunological recovery due to persistent immune activation. We use CD4/CD8 ratio like a marker of immune reconstitution. Methods Perinatal HIV-infected children who underwent a first-line cART, achieved viral suppression in the first year and maintained it for more than 5 years, with no viral rebound were included. Logistic models were applied to estimate the prognostic factors, clinical characteristics at cART start, of a lower CD4/CD8 ratio at the last visit. Results 146 HIV-infected children were included: 77% Caucasian, 45% male and 28% CDC C. Median age at cART initiation was 2.3 years (IQR: 0.5-6.2). 42 (30%) children received mono-dual therapy previously to cART. Time of undetectable viral load was 9.5 years (IQR: 7.8, 12.5). 33% of the children not achieved CD4/CD8 ratio >1. Univariate analysis showed an association between CD4/CD8 <1 with lower CD4 nadir and baseline CD4; older age at diagnosis and at cART initiation; and a previous exposure to mono-dual therapy. Multivariate analysis also revealed relationship between CD4/CD8 <1 and lower CD4 nadir (OR: 1.002, CI 95% 1.000-1.004) as well as previous exposure to mono-dual therapy (OR: 0.16, CI 95% 0.003-0.720). Conclusions CD4/CD8 > 1 was not achieved in 33% of the children. Lower CD4 nadir and previous exposure to suboptimal therapy, before initiating cART, are factors showing independently association with a worse immune recovery (CD4/CD8 < 1)

National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic

Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = −0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.publishedVersio