Estudio poblacional y biométrico de tritón pirenaico en el Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido

En el Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido (Huesca) está presente el tritón pirenaico (Calotriton asper), un endemismo de los Pirineos. Durante el año 2014, se llevó a cabo el seguimiento de un transecto de 100 metros en nueve barrancos, a los cuales se realizaron seis visitas, comprendidas entre los meses de abril y agosto, en las que se obtuvieron datos demográficos y biométricos. Los resultados corroboraron la presencia de la especie en todas las localidades estudiadas, así como la confirmación de la reproducción en todas ellas, excepto en Ordesa 1 y Ordesa 2, donde no se detectaron larvas en el transecto estudiado. Los datos demográficos se añadieron a la base de datos facilitada por la Sociedad Aragonesa de Gestión Agroambiental (SARGA), correspondiente al periodo 2007-2013, y se utilizaron para censar y determinar el estado de las poblaciones de cada barranco, mientras que los datos biométricos se utilizaron para interpretar cómo influye el hábitat en la biometría del tritón pirenaico. Se detectaron un total de 118 larvas y 311 adultos de Calotriton asper, y destacaron los barrancos de los valles de Escuaín y Añisclo, por presentar el mayor número de larvas y de individuos adultos, respectivamente. Los resultados biométricos mostraron que las hembras de Calotriton asper alcanzaron un peso inferior a los machos, a pesar de presentar una longitud de la cola superior que estos. Los datos demográficos muestran la ocurrencia de descensos poblacionales interanuales, que podrían estar relacionados con las avenidas extremas y las sequías acontecidas en fechas posteriores. En un escenario de cambio global, estos factores podrían contribuir a empeorar la situación de la especie, por lo que será necesario proseguir con los estudios sobre la incidencia de los cambios ambientales extremos en ecología y supervivencia del tritón pirenaic

Peer attitudes toward inclusion: contributions of an instrument adaptation

Para uma plena inclusão educativa, são centrais as interações entre todos os alunos. Apesar da importância das suas atitudes e comportamentos, os pares são um dos grupos menos estudados. Em dois estudos, procuramos uma estrutura com boa validade e fidelidade da escala Chedoke-McMaster Attitudes towards Children with Handicaps junto de estudantes Portugueses para, posteriormente, analisar as atitudes das crianças e adolescentes em relação à inclusão. A partir de análises factoriais exploratórias e confirmatórias, foi encontrada uma solução mais curta, mantendo uma estrutura multidimensional com boa validade e fidelidade. Com o instrumento, foi possível encontrar diferenças entre rapazes e raparigas e uma relação entre idade e a dimensão cognitiva. Ainda, o contacto com pares com NEE aparece como factor determinante nas atitudes, seja entre os alunos com familiares, com amigos ou com colegas com NEE pela primeira vez na turma Os resultados e suas implicações são discutidos.Contributions of an instrument adaptation: For a full educational inclusion it is necessary the interaction among all students. Despite the importance of the attitudes and behaviours, peers are one of the least studied. In two studies we search for a structure with good validity and reliability of the Chedoke-McMaster Attitudes towards Children with Handicaps scale toward Portuguese students to, afterwards, analyse children and adolescents of the attitudes regarding inclusion. From exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, a shorter solution was found, keeping a multidimensional structure with good validity and reliability. With the instrument, it was possible to find differences between boys and girls and a relationship between age and cognitive dimension. Yet, contact with SEN peers appears as a determining factor in the attitudes, either among students with SEN family, SEN friends or SEN colleagues for the first time in the class. The results and their implications are discussed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Current and Potential Use of Timber and Non-timber Resources of the Cacao Agroforestry Systems

The cocoa agroforestry system (Cocoa-AFS) is a source of forest and forest non-timber resources. Forest timber resources (FTR) provide society with timber products. The most common uses for trees from the cocoa-AFS are shade for cocoa, firewood, medicinal, timber, fence posts, tool handles, ornamental, and supports and roofing for houses. Forest non-timber resources (FNTR) are those plant and animal products and services that can be obtained from the system. These resources include fruits, medicinal plants, ornamental plants, honey, and many others. Worldwide, FNTR may be the only source of personal income or food for the inhabitants of marginalized areas. Cocoa cultivation faces problems of low production and low prices. These problems induce growers to left-hand or to reduce their cocoa-AFS. Such reduction means the loss of FTR and FNTR that could complement grower incomes from the sale of cocoa. In this paper, we documented the forest tree species and determined the timber volume in cocoa-AFS in the municipality of Cardenas, Tabasco, Mexico. In addition, we determined and quantified the current use of FTR and FNTR. The emphasis of FNTR was on the associated flora and the stored carbon on aboveground biomass as environmental services by the shadow trees

Programa de intervención en el fortalecimiento de actividades y prácticas de bioseguridad en enfermeras de centro quirúrgico – Hospital Roman. Egoavil Pando – Villa rica 2019

Objetivo. Probar la efectividad del programa de intervención en el fortalecimiento de actitudes y prácticas de bioseguridad en el personal de salud de Centro Quirúrgico del Hospital Román. Egoavil Pando-Villa Rica, 2019 Métodos. El estudio fue de tipo experimental, longitudinal, con enfoque cuantitativo; se trabajó con una población muestral de 30 personales de salud, quienes respondieron: guía de encuesta de las características generales, escala de actitudes, de condiciones de bioseguridad y guía de observación de prácticas de bioseguridad; previamente validadas. La comprobación de hipótesis fue mediante la prueba Wilcoxon y como alternativo la t de student; previa prueba de normalidad de Shapiro Wilk; para un p ≤ 0,05. Resultados. En las práctica de bioseguridad, antes de la intervención 70,0% (21) del personal realizaba una práctica adecuada; mientras que después de la intervención se incrementó a un 83,3% (25). Al contrastar la hipótesis, se halló significancia estadística, mediante la prueba de Wilcoxon [Z=-4,473; p=0,000]. En las actitudes frente a las medidas de bioseguridad, antes de la intervención 53,3% (16) del personal tuvo una actitud positiva; después de la intervención se incrementó al 80,0% (24). Al constrastar esta hipótesis, se evidenció significancia estadística, [Z=-4,473; p=0,000]. Conclusiones. De modo general, las actitudes y prácticas frente a las medidas de bioseguridad evidenciaron antes de la intervención 36,7% (11) del personal tuvo una actitud y practica correcta; después de la intervención se incrementó al 70,0% (21). Al contrastar ambas variables, se halló significancia estadística [t= -6,121; p= 0,000]; por lo que se aceptó la hipótesis.Tesis de segunda especialida

Mutations in SCNM1 cause orofaciodigital syndrome due to minor intron splicing defects affecting primary cilia

Orofaciodigital syndrome (OFD) is a genetically heterogeneous ciliopathy characterized by anomalies of the oral cavity, face, and digits. We describe individuals with OFD from three unrelated families having bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in SCNM1 as the cause of their condition. SCNM1 encodes a protein recently shown to be a component of the human minor spliceosome. However, so far the effect of loss of SCNM1 function on human cells had not been assessed. Using a comparative transcriptome analysis between fibroblasts derived from an OFD-affected individual harboring SCNM1 mutations and control fibroblasts, we identified a set of genes with defective minor intron (U12) processing in the fibroblasts of the affected subject. These results were reproduced in SCNM1 knockout hTERT RPE-1 (RPE-1) cells engineered by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated editing and in SCNM1 siRNA-treated RPE-1 cultures. Notably, expression of TMEM107 and FAM92A encoding primary cilia and basal body proteins, respectively, and that of DERL2, ZC3H8, and C17orf75, were severely reduced in SCNM1-deficient cells. Primary fibroblasts containing SCNM1 mutations, as well as SCNM1 knockout and SCNM1 knockdown RPE-1 cells, were also found with abnormally elongated cilia. Conversely, cilia length and expression of SCNM1-regulated genes were restored in SCNM1-deficient fibroblasts following reintroduction of SCNM1 via retroviral delivery. Additionally, functional analysis in SCNM1-retrotransduced fibroblasts showed that SCNM1 is a positive mediator of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Our findings demonstrate that defective U12 intron splicing can lead to a typical ciliopathy such as OFD and reveal that primary cilia length and Hh signaling are regulated by the minor spliceosome through SCNM1 activity.This work was supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-105620RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)

Novel genes and sex differences in COVID-19 severity

[EN] Here, we describe the results of a genome-wide study conducted in 11 939 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive cases with an extensive clinical information that were recruited from 34 hospitals across Spain (SCOURGE consortium). In sex-disaggregated genome-wide association studies for COVID-19 hospitalization, genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10−8) was crossed for variants in 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci only among males (P = 1.3 × 10−22 and P = 8.1 × 10−12, respectively), and for variants in 9q21.32 near TLE1 only among females (P = 4.4 × 10−8). In a second phase, results were combined with an independent Spanish cohort (1598 COVID-19 cases and 1068 population controls), revealing in the overall analysis two novel risk loci in 9p13.3 and 19q13.12, with fine-mapping prioritized variants functionally associated with AQP3 (P = 2.7 × 10−8) and ARHGAP33 (P = 1.3 × 10−8), respectively. The meta-analysis of both phases with four European studies stratified by sex from the Host Genetics Initiative (HGI) confirmed the association of the 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci predominantly in males and replicated a recently reported variant in 11p13 (ELF5, P = 4.1 × 10−8). Six of the COVID-19 HGI discovered loci were replicated and an HGI-based genetic risk score predicted the severity strata in SCOURGE. We also found more SNP-heritability and larger heritability differences by age (<60 or ≥60 years) among males than among females. Parallel genome-wide screening of inbreeding depression in SCOURGE also showed an effect of homozygosity in COVID-19 hospitalization and severity and this effect was stronger among older males. In summary, new candidate genes for COVID-19 severity and evidence supporting genetic disparities among sexes are provided.S

Early life child micronutrient status, maternal reasoning, and a nurturing household environment have persistent influences on child cognitive development at age 5 years: Results from MAL-ED

Background: Child cognitive development is influenced by early-life insults and protective factors. To what extent these factors have a long-term legacy on child development and hence fulfillment of cognitive potential is unknown. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relation between early-life factors (birth to 2 y) and cognitive development at 5 y. Methods: Observational follow-up visits were made of children at 5 y, previously enrolled in the community-based MAL-ED longitudinal cohort. The burden of enteropathogens, prevalence of illness, complementary diet intake, micronutrient status, and household and maternal factors from birth to 2 y were extensively measured and their relation with the Wechsler Preschool Primary Scales of Intelligence at 5 y was examined through use of linear regression. Results: Cognitive T-scores from 813 of 1198 (68%) children were examined and 5 variables had significant associations in multivariable models: mean child plasma transferrin receptor concentration (β: −1.81, 95% CI: −2.75, −0.86), number of years of maternal education (β: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.45), maternal cognitive reasoning score (β: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.15), household assets score (β: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.24, 1.04), and HOME child cleanliness factor (β: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.15). In multivariable models, the mean rate of enteropathogen detections, burden of illness, and complementary food intakes between birth and 2 y were not significantly related to 5-y cognition. Conclusions: A nurturing home context in terms of a healthy/clean environment and household wealth, provision of adequate micronutrients, maternal education, and cognitive reasoning have a strong and persistent influence on child cognitive development. Efforts addressing aspects of poverty around micronutrient status, nurturing caregiving, and enabling home environments are likely to have lasting positive impacts on child cognitive development.publishedVersio

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis