Intervención psicológica con deportistas en crisis : análisis y reflexión desde un caso

Utilizamos varios aspectos de la exposición de un caso único para ilustrar y reflexionar sobre cuestiones relevantes de la intervención psicológica con deportistas (evaluaciones de seguimiento, interacción de variables psicológicas, adecuación de técnicas, etc.). Más que la minuciosidad en la exposición del caso en concreto nos centramos en llamar la atención sobre aspectos frecuentemente descuidados de la intervención, y en seguir pautas para mejorar en lo sucesivo el trabajo práctico del psicólogo deportivo y la comunicación entre profesionales.Some aspects of the exposition of one single case will be used in order to illustrate and reflect on relevant questions about psychological intervention on sportsmen (follow-up evaluations, interaction of psychological variables, adequacy of techniques). The main focus of the assay will not fall on a meticulous exposition of this concrete case but, on the contrary, special attention will be paid to those aspects of the intervention which are frequently neglected, and which will give rise to the proposal of suitable models for henceforth improving not only the practical work of sports psychologists but also the communication among professionals

La hipnosis en psicología del deporte

En este trabajo efectuamos un encuadre de la intervención hipnosugestiva en el ámbito de la psicología del deporte, a través de una revisión crítica de trabajos representativos en distintas facetas de la disciplina. Se hace énfasis en la necesidad de consensuar algunas premisas teóricas que permitan un entendimiento y una aplicación de la hipnosis al deporte de manera justa y objetiva. Finalmente, partiendo de una propuesta conceptual sobre la hipnosis, se apuntan algunas ideas básicas sobre el manejo de la sugestión en el entrenamiento de las principales variables psicológicas relevantes para la ejecución deportivaIn this work, hypnosuggestive intervention will be delt with within the frame of sports psychology. A critical revision of some representative works in the different aspects of this discipline will be used to achieve this goal. We will emphasize the need for a consensus in some thoretical premises that could lead us to a better understanding of hypnosis in sports and allow us to use it in a fair and objective way. Finally, from a conceptual proposal about hypnosis, some new basic ideas about how to use suggestion in the training of the most important psychological variables which are relevant to sports performance will be put forwar

El papel de la atención en el ámbito deportivo : una aproximación bibliométrica de la literatura recogida en la base de datos PSYCLIT

Los procesos atencionales en el deporte son considerados aspectos muy importantes en la labor del deportista. Apoyándonos en los trabajos realizados hasta la fecha (García, Garcés de Los Fayos y Jara, 2001, 2002), nos interesa onocer en profundidad cuál es el estado de la investigación en dichos procesos. Para ello hemos realizado un estudio bibliométrico de la base bibliográfica PsycINFO, del periodo comprendido entre los anos 1887 y 2000. El análisis pretende ofrecer una perspectiva general y global de los trabajos realizados en este período de los siguientes aspectos: productividad general, áreas temáticas, distribución geográfica y desarrollo cronológico de las publicaciones, productividad de las revistas y productividad de los autores.Attentional processes in sports are considered very important aspects in all kinds of athletic activities. Supported by work published to date (García, Garcés de Los Fayos and Jara, 2001, 2002), this paper is an in-depth examination of the status of research on these processes. A bibliometric study of the PsycINFO bibliographic database from 1887 until 2000 was conducted to do so. The analysis attempts to offer a general and global perspective of several aspects of work from this period: general productivity, thematic areas, geographic distribution and chronological development of papers and journals' and authors' productivity

Un acercamiento a la comprensión de la psicología del deporte en espana. Análisis de la revista de psicología del deporte 1992-1999

En este trabajo abordamos la trayectoria científica de la Revista de Psicología del Deporte desde sus orígenes en el año 1992. Su análisis resulta de especial relevancia dado que en nuestro país esta disciplina aún mantiene un desarrollo creciente por su juventud y, sobre todo, porque tras unas pocas décadas de trabajo intenso, las perspectivas de futuro son las de una consolidación cada vez más clara de los tópicos científicos que aborda. Desde este planteamiento se ha realizado un análisis bibliométrico de diferentes aspectos, que nos ayudarán a comprender mejor el desarrollo mencionado. Para ello hemos descrito aspectos esenciales en cualquier análisis de este tipo, como son los autores más productivos, las instituciones donde se genera mayor producción científica, y las temáticas fundamentales de estudio, entre otros. Los resultados apoyan la primera afirmación de que efectivamente la consolidación de esta disciplina es un hecho.In the present work we approach the scientistic trayectory of the Revista de Psicología del Deporte (Journal of the Psychology of Sport) from its origins in the year of 1992. It research becomes to special outstanding because in our country this discipline still keeps its growing development due to its youth and, specially, because after a few decades of intense work, the future perspectives are a more consolidation of the scientistic topics approached. From this view it has been made an bibliometic analysis of different sides, that will help to a better understanding of the mentioned development. For this aim it has been described the essential aspects in every kind of analysis, as the most productive authors, the institutions where the major scientistic production is made, the fundamental subjects of study, among others. The results are supporting the first confirmation that, in fact, the consolidation of this discipline is real

Modelo prolab: Travel, una propuesta digital que conectará con el turismo peruano en la región Amazónica

Según UNWTO (2022), el turismo internacional experimentó un crecimiento anual del 5% entre 2010 y 2019, pero la pandemia lo impactó negativamente en 2020 y 2021. Esto indica una correlación importante entre el turismo y la pobreza a nivel internacional. A pesar de la creciente demanda de turistas, tanto nacionales como extranjeros, en la selva peruana, el empleo formal ha disminuido en los últimos años, lo que ha afectado la calidad del servicio turístico y la competencia entre las agencias informales. Después de examinar los momentos positivos y negativos del usuario, se identificó que el tiempo de espera entre clientes es el momento crítico que genera mayor dolor al usuario, y la falta de herramientas para reducir la espera y mejorar el flujo de clientes es un problema común entre las personas que trabajan en turismo. Para resolver estos problemas, se propone un modelo de negocio que busca exponer los servicios de calidad brindados por las empresas y guías turísticos a más clientes. La solución propuesta, demuestra ser deseable, viable y factible, evaluaciones que se han realizado mediante encuestas, simulaciones y con datos publicados en diversas fuentes de información. Estas encuestas fueron realizadas a 356 personas, por lo cual, los resultados obtenidos con una confiabilidad de 95%, presentan un error muestral del 5.2%, mientras que los resultados del Valor Actual Neto (VAN) financiero del proyecto Travel asciende a 4’281,332 soles, lo que equivale a 1’115,008 dólares, y la Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) es de 280%. Tras la evaluación completa del presente trabajo, se realizan una serie de conclusiones y recomendaciones que son importantes tomar en cuenta para la implementación de esta propuesta de solución a un problema latente y vigente en el país.According to UNWTO (2022), international tourism experienced an annual growth of 5% between 2010 and 2019, but the pandemic negatively impacted it in 2020 and 2021. This indicates a significant correlation between tourism and poverty at the international level. Despite the increasing demand for both national and foreign tourists in the Peruvian jungle, formal employment has decreased in recent years, which has affected the quality of tourist services and competition among informal agencies. After examining the positive and negative moments of the user, it was identified that the waiting time between customers is the critical moment that generates the most pain for the user, and the lack of tools to reduce waiting and improve customer flow is a common problem among people working in tourism. The proposed solution proves to be desirable, viable and feasible, evaluations that have been carried out through surveys, simulations and with data published in various sources of information. These surveys were carried out on 356 people, therefore, the results obtained with a reliability of 95%, present a sampling error of 5.2%, Meanwhile the results of the Financial Net Present Value (NPV) of the Travel project amount to 4’281,332 soles, which is equivalent to 1,115,008 dollars, and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is 280%%. After a complete evaluation of this work, a series of conclusions and recommendations are made, which are important to take into account for the implementation of this proposed solution to a latent and current problem in our country

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale