Plan de negocios para la creación de una empresa productora y comercializadora de lácteos Lácteos La Margarita "caseros, naturalmente"

La realización de un negocio puede surgir de cualquier persona, sin embargo, se debe tener en cuenta la convicción, determinación y compromisos, para que esa idea se convierta en un proyecto real. Esto hace necesario que el empresario conozca lo mejor posible el proyecto y los requisitos que se involucran en el proceso. Debe tener una idea clara de la visión, la misión, metas alcanzables y sus objetivos, no solo desde el punto de vista de ventas, mercadeo, entre otros aspectos, sino además, un panorama amplio que le permita vislumbrar y articular de una manera optima sus recursos a la realidad cambiante de los negocios. Pero no se ha tenido en cuenta el objetivo fundamental de toda unidad de negocio. Podría pensarse, que el fin de toda empresa debe ser solamente el beneficio económico; sin embargo, la realidad debe dirigirnos no solo a un lucro o beneficio personal, sino a una realidad intrínseca mas profunda, mas amplia, en la que nuestras esperanzas de éxito y logros, sirvan de motivación y beneficio, esto es, al impacto positivo de la empresa para nuestra familia, sociedad, ciudad y medio ambienteCreación de empresa (Economista )-- Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, 2008PregradoEconomist

Streptococcus suis infection and malignancy in man, Spain

Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic agent. Human infection is associated with occupational exposure to swine. Affected persons are usually, but not always, healthy (1,2). Immunosuppressive conditions can predispose persons to S. suis infection, and cancer has classically been associated as a risk factor for S. suis infection (1,2). Nevertheless, the actual number of reported cases is low (27). We describe a severe case of S. suis infection in a man who had not been exposed to swine but for whom disseminated cancer was diagnosed 5 months after the infection

Oncological safety of transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) for rectal cancer: mid-term results of a prospective multicentre study

Background There is no consensus regarding the gold standard technique for rectal cancer as Total Mesorectal Excision (TME) may be safely performed either by open or minimally invasive surgery. The laparoscopic approach, however, may carry technical difficulties. For this reason, a novel technique has emerged in the last decade combining a dual laparoscopic dissection (abdominal and transanal) to perform the TME technique (TaTME). When focusing on oncological outcomes, there is a lack of literature regarding mid-long term results. The aim of this study is to evaluate the mid-term oncological impact of TaTME for treating rectal cancer. Methods A prospective multicentre study was performed in four tertiary centres including consecutive patients who underwent TaTME for mid-low rectal cancer by the same group of experienced surgeons. The analysed data included pathological results on the quality of TME and mid-term oncological outcomes. Results In total, 173 patients were included throughout a study period of 6 years. Our series included 70% males and 68% of patients with neoadjuvant treatments. The median follow-up was 23 [15–37.5] months. Regarding pathological results, a complete TME was achieved in 72.8%, while circumferential and distal margins were affected in 1.4 and 1.1%, respectively. Five patients developed local recurrences (3%) and 8.1% presented distant disease during the follow-up. The 2-year disease-free survival and the overall survival rates were 88% and 95%, respectively. Conclusions There is currently a lack of evidence in the literature regarding TaTME and oncological outcomes with no data available from randomized clinical trials. In the meantime, the reported results from different multicentre series are controversial. This study showed positive mid-term outcomes at 2 years of follow-up and supported notable oncological outcomes with TaTME. However, it must be emphasized that previous experience in minimally invasive and transanal surgeries is essential for surgeons before intending to perform TaTME

Clinical and epidemiological study of human Bartonellosis at Monzon Valley, Huamalies, Huanuco

Objetivo: Estudiar los casos de bartonelosis humana en valle del Monzón y determinar las especies de Lutzomyia que podrían jugar papel en la transmisión de la enfermedad en la zona. Material y métodos: Se estudió casos de la enfermedad de Carrión en la selva alta del valle del Monzón, provincia de Huamalíes, Huánuco, donde entre 1997 y 1998 se presentó un brote epidémico. Para el diagnóstico de los casos se realizó frotis y gota gruesa, hemocultivo y serología. Para la captura de flebotominos, se utilizó trampas de luz CDC y trampa Shannon, en ambientes intra y peridomiciliarios. Resultados: A lo largo de 21 localidades, la enfermedad afectó 140 personas, 25 de ellos entre 1 y 4 años de edad, 81 mujeres y 59 hombres; 121 presentaron la fase aguda de la enfermedad, 16 la fase intercalar y 3 la fase eruptiva. La población de la zona se dedica principalmente al cultivo de la coca, café y cacao. Conclusión: Se estableció que el valle del Monzón es nueva zona endémica de bartonelosis humana, donde la transmisión ocurre principalmente en ambientes intra y peridomiciliarios, siendo Lutzomyia serrana el vector más probable.Objective: To study human bartonellosis cases at Monzon valley and to determine the Lutzomyia species that may play a role in the transmission of the disease in the area. Material and methods: Carrion’s disease cases were studied at the deep jungle Monzon valley, Huamalies province, Huanuco, where and epidemic outbreak occurred between 1997 and 1998. Diagnosis was done by blood smear, culture and serology. CDC light traps and Shan-non trap in intra y peridomiciliary ambient were used for phlebotominae sandflies capture. Results: At 21 places the disease affected 140 people, 25 between 1 and 4 year-old, 81 women and 59 men; 121 presented the acute phase of the disease, 16 the intercalar phase and 3 the eruptive phase. The area population cutivates coca, coffee and cacao. Conclusion: Monzon valley is a new endemic area of human bartonellosis where transmission is mainly in intra and peridomiciliary ambient, and Lutzomyia serrana is the most probable vector

A non-DNA-binding activity for the ATHB4 transcription factor in the control of vegetation proximity

Altres ajuts: Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA ProgramIn plants, perception of vegetation proximity by phytochrome photoreceptors activates a transcriptional network that implements a set of responses to adapt to plant competition, including elongation of stems or hypocotyls. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) transcription factor ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX 4 (ATHB4) regulates this and other responses, such as leaf polarity. To better understand the shade regulatory transcriptional network, we have carried out structure-function analyses of ATHB4 by overexpressing a series of truncated and mutated forms and analyzing three different responses: hypocotyl response to shade, transcriptional activity and leaf polarity. Our results indicated that ATHB4 has two physically separated molecular activities: that performed by HD-Zip, which is involved in binding to DNA-regulatory elements, and that performed by the ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTOR-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR)-containing N-terminal region, which is involved in protein-protein interaction. Whereas both activities are required to regulate leaf polarity, DNA-binding activity is not required for the regulation of the seedling responses to plant proximity, which indicates that ATHB4 works as a transcriptional cofactor in the regulation of this response. These findings suggest that transcription factors might employ alternative mechanisms of action to regulate different developmental processes

La resistencia femenina en el campo mexicano. Un análisis agrario en el estado de Hidalgo / A resistência das mulheres no campo mexicano. Uma análise agrária no estado de Hidalgo

El presente trabajo centró su análisis en los diferentes papeles y relaciones de las mujeres en los sistemas de producción ovino (SPO) desde un enfoque ambiental productivo. El cual tuvo como objetivo principal identificar las principales prácticas agro-productivas; cuya finalidad fue obtener información que permitiera diferenciar sus necesidades y prioridades particulares a fin de la comprensión de diversas oportunidades, formas de participación y beneficios ambientales que determinan la continuidad de los SPO. Así como los apoyos necesarios que se requieren en la zona para que los SPO continúen vigentes en once de las comunidades indígenas del municipio de San Salvador, Estado de Hidalgo.Entre los principales resultados se destaca que la mayoría (77%) de las SPO que realizó el pastoreo extensivo se encuentra a cargo de mujeres que no han contado con apoyo de gobiernos, municipales, estatales o federales. Los factores asociados con la desigualdad de las mujeres están relacionados con la educación, la propiedad de activos agropecuarios y la nula remuneración en las actividades agropecuarias. La alta migración de los hombres en el municipio de San Salvador es uno de los principales factores que han permitido que la mujer quede incluida en el ámbito agropecuario. Sin embargo, la falta de políticas públicas no ha favorecido el trabajo de las mujeres, quienes consideran el campo como la principal fuente de trabajo y en algunos casos la única que les permite cumplir con sus necesidades básicas de sustento familiar

Randomized Clinical Trial of the Need for Antibiotic Treatment for Low-Risk Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection Caused by Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

According to clinical guidelines, the management of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) due to coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) includes catheter removal and antibiotic treatment for 5 to 7 days. However, in low-risk episodes, it remains uncertain whether antibiotic therapy is necessary. This randomized clinical trial aims to determine whether the non-administration of antibiotic therapy is as safe and effective as the recommended strategy in low-risk episodes of CRBSI caused by CoNS. With this purpose, a randomized, open-label, multicenter, non-inferiority clinical trial was conducted in 14 Spanish hospitals from 1 July 2019 to 31 January 2022. Patients with low-risk CRBSI caused by CoNS were randomized 1:1 after catheter withdrawal to receive/not receive parenteral antibiotics with activity against the isolated strain. The primary endpoint was the presence of any complication related to bacteremia or to antibiotic therapy within 90 days of follow-up. The secondary endpoints were persistent bacteremia, septic embolism, time until microbiological cure, and time until the disappearance of a fever. EudraCT: 2017-003612-39 INF-BACT-2017. A total of 741 patients were assessed for eligibility. Of these, 27 were included in the study; 15 (55.6%) were randomized to the intervention arm (non-antibiotic administration) and 12 (44.4%) to the control arm (antibiotic therapy as per standard practice). The primary endpoint occurred in one of the 15 patients in the intervention group (septic thrombophlebitis) and in no patients in the control group. The median time until microbiological cure was 3 days (IQR 1-3) in the intervention arm and 1.25 days (IQR 0.5-2.62) in the control arm, while the median time until fever resolution was zero days in both arms. The study was stopped due to the insufficient number of recruited patients. These results seem to indicate that low-risk CRBSI caused by CoNS can be managed without antibiotic therapy after catheter removal; efficacy and safety are not affected

El modelo social europeo frente a la globalización

Jornada: El modelo social europeo frente a la globalización 18 de octubre 200

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: A Synopsis of Coordinated National Crop Wild Relative Seed Collecting Programs across Five Continents

The Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change Project set out to improve the diversity, quantity, and accessibility of germplasm collections of crop wild relatives (CWR). Between 2013 and 2018, partners in 25 countries, heirs to the globetrotting legacy of Nikolai Vavilov, undertook seed collecting expeditions targeting CWR of 28 crops of global significance for agriculture. Here, we describe the implementation of the 25 national collecting programs and present the key results. A total of 4587 unique seed samples from at least 355 CWR taxa were collected, conserved ex situ, safety duplicated in national and international genebanks, and made available through the Multilateral System (MLS) of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Plant Treaty). Collections of CWR were made for all 28 targeted crops. Potato and eggplant were the most collected genepools, although the greatest number of primary genepool collections were made for rice. Overall, alfalfa, Bambara groundnut, grass pea and wheat were the genepools for which targets were best achieved. Several of the newly collected samples have already been used in pre-breeding programs to adapt crops to future challenges.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio