330 research outputs found
International co-operation in macro-economic policies. Economic Papers No. 28, February 1984. II/49/84-EN
Photonic band structure of highly deformable, self-assembling systems
We calculate the photonic band structure at normal incidence of highly
deformable, self-assembling systems - cholesteric elastomers subjected to
external stress. Cholesterics display brilliant reflection and lasing owing to
gaps in their photonic band structure. The band structure of cholesteric
elastomers varies sensitively with strain, showing new gaps opening up and
shifting in frequency. A novel prediction of a total band gap is made, and is
expected to occur in the vicinity of the previously observed de Vries bandgap,
which is only for one polarisation
Atomic layering at the liquid silicon surface: a first- principles simulation
We simulate the liquid silicon surface with first-principles molecular
dynamics in a slab geometry. We find that the atom-density profile presents a
pronounced layering, similar to those observed in low-temperature liquid metals
like Ga and Hg. The depth-dependent pair correlation function shows that the
effect originates from directional bonding of Si atoms at the surface, and
propagates into the bulk. The layering has no major effects in the electronic
and dynamical properties of the system, that are very similar to those of bulk
liquid Si. To our knowledge, this is the first study of a liquid surface by
first-principles molecular dynamics.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PR
Direct and Indirect Detection of Dark Matter in D6 Flavor Symmetric Model
We study a fermionic dark matter in a non-supersymmetric extension of the
standard model with a family symmetry based on D6xZ2xZ2. In our model, the
final state of the dark matter annihilation is determined to be e+ e- by the
flavor symmetry, which is consistent with the PAMELA result. At first, we show
that our dark matter mass should be within the range of 230 GeV - 750 GeV in
the WMAP analysis combined with mu to e gamma constraint. Moreover we
simultaneously explain the experiments of direct and indirect detection, by
simply adding a gauge and D6 singlet real scalar field. In the direct detection
experiments, we show that the lighter dark matter mass ~ 230 GeV and the
lighter standard model Higgs boson ~ 115 GeV is in favor of the observed bounds
reported by CDMS II and XENON100. In the indirect detection experiments, we
explain the positron excess reported by PAMELA through the Breit-Wigner
enhancement mechanism. We also show that our model is consistent with no
antiproton excess suggested by PAMELA.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, accepted version for publication in
European Physical Journal
An Effective-Medium Tight-Binding Model for Silicon
A new method for calculating the total energy of Si systems is presented. The
method is based on the effective-medium theory concept of a reference system.
Instead of calculating the energy of an atom in the system of interest a
reference system is introduced where the local surroundings are similar. The
energy of the reference system can be calculated selfconsistently once and for
all while the energy difference to the reference system can be obtained
approximately. We propose to calculate it using the tight-binding LMTO scheme
with the Atomic-Sphere Approximation(ASA) for the potential, and by using the
ASA with charge-conserving spheres we are able to treat open system without
introducing empty spheres. All steps in the calculational method is {\em ab
initio} in the sense that all quantities entering are calculated from first
principles without any fitting to experiment. A complete and detailed
description of the method is given together with test calculations of the
energies of phonons, elastic constants, different structures, surfaces and
surface reconstructions. We compare the results to calculations using an
empirical tight-binding scheme.Comment: 26 pages (11 uuencoded Postscript figures appended), LaTeX,
CAMP-090594-
Deriving the mass of particles from Extended Theories of Gravity in LHC era
We derive a geometrical approach to produce the mass of particles that could
be suitably tested at LHC. Starting from a 5D unification scheme, we show that
all the known interactions could be suitably deduced as an induced symmetry
breaking of the non-unitary GL(4)-group of diffeomorphisms. The deformations
inducing such a breaking act as vector bosons that, depending on the
gravitational mass states, can assume the role of interaction bosons like
gluons, electroweak bosons or photon. The further gravitational degrees of
freedom, emerging from the reduction mechanism in 4D, eliminate the hierarchy
problem since generate a cut-off comparable with electroweak one at TeV scales.
In this "economic" scheme, gravity should induce the other interactions in a
non-perturbative way.Comment: 30 pages, 1 figur
PAMELA/ATIC anomaly from the meta-stable extra dark matter component and the leptophilic Yukawa interaction
We present a supersymmetric model with two dark matter (DM) components
explaining the galactic positron excess observed by PAMELA/HEAT and
ATIC/PPB-BETS: One is the conventional (bino-like) lightest supersymmetric
particle (LSP) \chi, and the other is a TeV scale meta-stable neutral singlet
N_D, which is a Dirac fermion (N,N^c). In this model, N_D decays dominantly
into \chi e^+e^- through an R parity preserving dimension 6 operator with the
life time \tau_N\sim 10^{26} sec. We introduce a pair of vector-like superheavy
SU(2) lepton doublets (L,L^c) and lepton singlets (E,E^c). The dimension 6
operator leading to the N_D decay is generated from the leptophilic Yukawa
interactions by W\supset Ne^cE+Lh_dE^c+m_{3/2}l_1L^c with the dimensionless
couplings of order unity, and the gauge interaction by {\cal L}\supset \sqrt{2}
g'\tilde{e}^{c*}e^c\chi + h.c. The superheavy masses of the vector-like leptons
(M_L, M_E\sim 10^{16} GeV) are responsible for the longevity of N_D. The low
energy field spectrum in this model is just the MSSM fields and N_D. Even for
the case that the portion of N_D is much smaller than that of \chi in the total
DM density [{\cal O}(10^{-10}) \lesssim n_{N_D}/n_\chi], the observed positron
excess can be explained by adopting relatively lighter masses of the
vector-like leptons (10^{13} GeV \lesssim M_{L,E} \lesssim 10^{16} GeV). The
smallness of the electron mass is also explained. This model is easily embedded
in the flipped SU(5) grand unification, which is a leptophilic unified theory.Comment: 12 pages, published versio
Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector
A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results
Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC
provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of
lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with
a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the
transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the
anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the
nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of
the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp.
Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in
the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies
smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating
nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and
transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of
inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous
measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables,
submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are
available at
http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02
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