The complex hodological architecture of the macaque dorsal intraparietal areas as emerging from neural tracers and DW-MRI tractography

In macaque monkeys, dorsal intraparietal areas are involved in several daily visuo-motor actions. However, their border and sources of cortical afferents remain loosely defined. Combining retrograde histological tracing and MRI diffusion-based tractography we found a complex hodology of the dorsal bank of the IPS, which can be subdivided into a rostral area PEip, projecting to the spinal cord, and a caudal area MIP lacking such projections. Both include a rostral and a caudal sector, emerging from their ipsilateral, gradient-like connectivity profiles. As tractography estimations, we used the cross-sectional volume of the white matter bundles connecting each area with other parietal and frontal regions, after selecting ROIs corresponding to the injection sites of neural tracers. For most connections, we found a significant correlation between the proportions of cells projecting to all sectors of PEip and MIP along the continuum of the dorsal bank of the IPS and tractography. The latter also revealed “false positive” but plausible streamlines awaiting histological validation

Realistic Mathematics Education of Hans Freudenthal as a subversion proposal to the leftovers from Modern Mathematics Movement in Brazil

No presente artigo, pretende-se discutir as críticas de Hans Freudenthal ao Movimento da Matemática Moderna e apresentar os principais elementos apontados pelo autor (e por outros membros do Instituto Freudenthal) para subverter as práticas estruturalistas do ensino de matemática. Este movimento surgiu no final da década de 1950 sob influência de grupos de estudo que discutiam currículo no ensino de matemática, com foco em mudanças apenas nos conteúdos e sem preocupações com algumas questões didáticas. A pesquisa tem como fonte principal os artigos e livros publicados por Hans Freudenthal em língua inglesa, disponíveis a partir de diferentes inventários feitos. Optou-se por trabalhar com a revisão de literatura sistemática, com um corpus constituído sistematicamente. Foi possível observar que as críticas de Freudenthal ao Movimento da Matemática Moderna se dão em como o movimento foi implementado e às premissas (matemáticas e didáticas) assumidas pelos adeptos do movimento.In this article, we intend to discuss Hans Freudenthal's criticisms of the Modern Mathematics Movement and present the main elements pointed out by the author (and by other members of the Freudenthal Institute) to subvert the structuralist practices of mathematics teaching. This movement emerged in the late 1950s under the influence of study groups that discussed curriculum in mathematics teaching, with a focus on changes only in content and without concern for some didactic issues. The main source of the research is the articles and books published by Hans Freudenthal in English, available from different inventories made. We chose to work with systematic literature review, with a systematically constituted corpus. It was possible to observe that Freudenthal's criticisms of the Modern Mathematics Movement are based on how the movement was implemented and on the (mathematical and didactical) premises assumed by the followers of the movement

Um estudo sobre intenções de intervenções feitas por uma professora em um Vaivém

This article aims to collate, analyze, and discuss some of the intentions declared by a teacher and the respective intentions recognized by a student in interventions made in an assessment instrument called Vaivém. Therefore, Didactical Assessment is presented, understood as the democratic assessment of learning, taken as a practice of investigation and as an opportunity for learning. In Didactical Assessment, the teacher should use as many instruments as possible to obtain different information about what the students know. One of these instruments, the Vaivém, enables the creation of a space for individual dialogue between teacher and student. For the analysis, a student who participated in the Vaivém dynamics throughout the school year of a Student Teaching discipline in the Mathematics degree course at the Universidade Estadual de Londrina during the year of 2019 was chosen. The teacher and the student were asked to compose a table with each of the interventions made in the Vaivém and their respective intentions. Then, four intentions were collated and discussed throughout the text. It was possible to observe that the Vaivém enabled the student to study when dealing with the interventions, to constitute a space for reflection in which the answers could be rethought, reconstructed, revised, and complemented, an instrument that allows an individualized dialogue with each student and, consequently, an important instrument for Didactical Assessment.Este artículo tiene como objetivo cotejar, analizar y discutir algunas de las intenciones declaradas por una docente y las respectivas intenciones reconocidas por una alumna en intervenciones realizadas en un instrumento de evaluación denominado Vaivém. Para tanto, se presenta la Evaluación Didáctica, entendida como la evaluación democrática del aprendizaje, tomada como una práctica de investigación y como una oportunidad de aprendizaje. En esta evaluación, el docente debe utilizar la mayor cantidad de instrumentos posibles, con el fin de obtener diferentes informaciones sobre lo que los estudiantes saben. Uno de estos instrumentos, el Vaivém, permite crear un espacio de diálogo individual entre docente y alumno. Para el análisis se eligió a una alumna que participó de la dinámica Vaivém a lo largo del año escolar de la disciplina de pasantía supervisada en la carrera de Licenciatura en Matemáticas de la Universidade Estadual de Londrina durante el 2019. Fue solicitado a la docente y a la alumna que confeccionaran una tabla con cada una de las intervenciones realizadas en el Vaivém y sus respectivas intenciones. En seguida, se compararon y discutieron cuatro intenciones a lo largo del texto. Se pudo observar que el Vaivém permitió a la alumna estudiar al momento de afrontar las intervenciones, constituir un espacio de reflexión en el que las respuestas se pudieran repensar, reconstruir, revisar y complementar, un instrumento que permite un diálogo individualizado con cada alumno y, en consecuencia, un instrumento importante para la Evaluación Didáctica.Este artigo tem como objetivo cotejar, analisar e discutir algumas das intenções declaradas por uma professora e as respectivas intenções reconhecidas por uma estudante em intervenções feitas em um instrumento de avaliação denominado Vaivém. Para tanto, é apresentada a Avaliação Didática, entendida como a avaliação democrática da aprendizagem, tomada como prática de investigação e como oportunidade de aprendizagem. Nela, recomenda-se que o professor se valha da maior quantidade de instrumentos possível, a fim de obter diferentes informações a respeito do que os estudantes sabem. Um desses instrumentos, o Vaivém, possibilita a criação de um espaço de diálogo individual entre professor e estudante. Para análise, foi escolhida uma estudante que participou da dinâmica do Vaivém durante todo o ano letivo da disciplina de estágio supervisionado no curso de Licenciatura em Matemática da Universidade Estadual de Londrina durante o ano de 2019. Foi solicitado à professora e à estudante que compusessem um quadro com cada uma das intervenções feitas no Vaivém e suas respectivas intenções. Em seguida, foram cotejadas quatro intenções e discutidas ao longo do texto. Foi possível observar que o Vaivém possibilitou que a dis estudasse ao lidar com as intervenções, que se constituísse um espaço de reflexão em que as respostas pudessem ser repensadas, reconstruídas, revistas e complementadas, um instrumento que permite um diálogo individualizado com cada estudante e, consequentemente, um importante instrumento para a Avaliação Didática

Ancient oral microbiomes support gradual Neolithic dietary shifts towards agriculture

The human microbiome has recently become a valuable source of information about host life and health. To date little is known about how it may have evolved during key phases along our history, such as the Neolithic transition towards agriculture. Here, we shed light on the evolution experienced by the oral microbiome during this transition, comparing Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers with Neolithic and Copper Age farmers that populated a same restricted area in Italy. We integrate the analysis of 76 dental calculus oral microbiomes with the dietary information derived from the identification of embedded plant remains. We detect a stronger deviation from the hunter-gatherer microbiome composition in the last part of the Neolithic, while to a lesser extent in the early phases of the transition. Our findings demonstrate that the introduction of agriculture affected host microbiome, supporting the hypothesis of a gradual transition within the investigated populations

Genetic Variations and Haplotype Diversity of the UGT1 Gene Cluster in the Chinese Population

Vertebrates require tremendous molecular diversity to defend against numerous small hydrophobic chemicals. UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are a large family of detoxification enzymes that glucuronidate xenobiotics and endobiotics, facilitating their excretion from the body. The UGT1 gene cluster contains a tandem array of variable first exons, each preceded by a specific promoter, and a common set of downstream constant exons, similar to the genomic organization of the protocadherin (Pcdh), immunoglobulin, and T-cell receptor gene clusters. To assist pharmacogenomics studies in Chinese, we sequenced nine first exons, promoter and intronic regions, and five common exons of the UGT1 gene cluster in a population sample of 253 unrelated Chinese individuals. We identified 101 polymorphisms and found 15 novel SNPs. We then computed allele frequencies for each polymorphism and reconstructed their linkage disequilibrium (LD) map. The UGT1 cluster can be divided into five linkage blocks: Block 9 (UGT1A9), Block 9/7/6 (UGT1A9, UGT1A7, and UGT1A6), Block 5 (UGT1A5), Block 4/3 (UGT1A4 and UGT1A3), and Block 3′ UTR. Furthermore, we inferred haplotypes and selected their tagSNPs. Finally, comparing our data with those of three other populations of the HapMap project revealed ethnic specificity of the UGT1 genetic diversity in Chinese. These findings have important implications for future molecular genetic studies of the UGT1 gene cluster as well as for personalized medical therapies in Chinese

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

Peer reviewe

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV

An embedding technique to determine ττ backgrounds in proton-proton collision data

An embedding technique is presented to estimate standard model tau tau backgrounds from data with minimal simulation input. In the data, the muons are removed from reconstructed mu mu events and replaced with simulated tau leptons with the same kinematic properties. In this way, a set of hybrid events is obtained that does not rely on simulation except for the decay of the tau leptons. The challenges in describing the underlying event or the production of associated jets in the simulation are avoided. The technique described in this paper was developed for CMS. Its validation and the inherent uncertainties are also discussed. The demonstration of the performance of the technique is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS in 2017 at root s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb(-1).Peer reviewe