Effect of two enzyme systems on the removal of mucilage from coffee cherry beans (Coffea arabica L.)

Objective: To evaluate and compare the percentage of mucilage removal from coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in pulping using two enzyme systems, Celuzyme and Macerex PM. Design/methodology/approach: Seven treatments combinations were evaluated (type of enzyme and concentration level, plus a control) at 30-minute intervals for 3 h. The experimental unit was 0.2 kg of pulped coffee. Results: Results showed when using these enzyme systems (Macerex PM and Celuzyme) the percentage of mucilage removal increased and time was significantly reduced by 3 to 4 h compared to the natural fermentation time of 15 to 20 h. Limitations on study/implications: Effect of two enzyme systems, Macerex PM and Celuzyme, at different concentrations (ppm). Findings/conclusions: The Macerex PM and Celuzyme enzyme systems showed 95% and 84.5% removed mucilage compared to 35% of the control.Objective: To evaluate and compare the percentage of mucilage removal from coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in pulping using two enzyme systems, Celuzyme and Macerex PM. Design/methodology/approach: Seven treatments combinations were evaluated (type of enzyme and concentration level, plus a control) at 30 min intervals for 3 h. The experimental unit was 0.2 kg of pulped coffee. Results: Results showed when using these enzyme systems (Macerex PM and Celuzyme) the percentage of mucilage removal increased and time was significantly reduced by 3 to 4 h compared to the natural fermentation time of 15 to 20 h. Limitations on study/implications: Effect of two enzyme systems, Macerex PM and Celuzyme, at different concentrations (mg L-1). Findings/conclusions: The Macerex PM and Celuzyme enzyme systems showed 95% and 84.5% removed mucilage compared to 35% of the contro

Evaluación de los agentes pro-oxidantes que influyen en la calidad de la carne de pollo

Objective:  Analyze the main exogenous pro-oxidizing agents in chicken breast meat and its effect on the oxidative phenomenon. Design / methodology / approach: Chicken breast (Pectoralis major) in the form of patties (25g) was used to establish the different treatments: T1 - ground chicken breast, T2 - freeze and thaw cycle, T3 - vacuum packed, T4 - dehydrated, T5 - cooking in a water bath, T6 - addition of NaCl, T7 - ??cooking on the grill and T8 - exposure to LED light. After treatment, they were stored at 4 ° C 15 d and analyzed at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 d. The variables analyzed were weight loss, color, pH, titratable acidity and TBARS, using a completely randomized design (DCA) and the Tukey test (P ? 0.05). Results: It was confirmed that ground chicken meat, subjected to heat treatment (grilled-T7 and water bath-T5) and stored in refrigeration at 4 ° C, presented greater pro-oxidant action reflected in the greater weight losses, luminosity and TBARS. Limitations / implications: Not having different levels of oxidative application in each treatment. Findings / conclusions: It is possible to understand the lipid oxidation of chicken meat under the study of the application of differents pro-oxidizing agents.Objetivo: Analizar los principales agentes pro-oxidantes exógenos en carne de pechuga de pollo y su efecto en el fenómeno oxidativo. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Pechuga de pollo (Pectoralis major) en forma de patties (25 g) se utilizó para establecer los diferentes tratamientos: T1 - pechuga de pollo molida, T2 - ciclo de congelación y descongelación, T3 - envasadas al vacío, T4 - deshidratado, T5 - cocción en baño maría, T6 - adición de NaCl, T7 - cocción a la parrilla y T8 -exposición a luz LED. Posterior al tratamiento se almacenaron a 4 °C 15 d y se analizaron a 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 y 15 d. Las variables analizadas fueron pérdida de peso, color, pH, acidez titulable y TBARS, mediante un diseño completamente al azar (DCA) y la prueba de Tukey (P ? 0.05). Resultados: Se confirmó que la carne de pollo molida, sometida a tratamiento térmico (cocción a la parrilla-T7 y baño maría-T5) y almacenada en refrigeración a 4°C, presentó mayor acción pro-oxidante reflejado en las mayores pérdidas de peso, luminosidad y TBARS. Limitaciones/implicaciones: No contar con diferentes niveles de aplicación oxidativo para cada tratamiento. Hallazgos/conclusiones: Es posible entender la oxidación lipídica de la carne de pollo bajo el estudio de la aplicación de diferentes agentes pro-oxidantes

Development of a Panel of Genome-Wide Ancestry Informative Markers to Study Admixture Throughout the Americas

Most individuals throughout the Americas are admixed descendants of Native American, European, and African ancestors. Complex historical factors have resulted in varying proportions of ancestral contributions between individuals within and among ethnic groups. We developed a panel of 446 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) optimized to estimate ancestral proportions in individuals and populations throughout Latin America. We used genome-wide data from 953 individuals from diverse African, European, and Native American populations to select AIMs optimized for each of the three main continental populations that form the basis of modern Latin American populations. We selected markers on the basis of locus-specific branch length to be informative, well distributed throughout the genome, capable of being genotyped on widely available commercial platforms, and applicable throughout the Americas by minimizing within-continent heterogeneity. We then validated the panel in samples from four admixed populations by comparing ancestry estimates based on the AIMs panel to estimates based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. The panel provided balanced discriminatory power among the three ancestral populations and accurate estimates of individual ancestry proportions (R2>0.9 for ancestral components with significant between-subject variance). Finally, we genotyped samples from 18 populations from Latin America using the AIMs panel and estimated variability in ancestry within and between these populations. This panel and its reference genotype information will be useful resources to explore population history of admixture in Latin America and to correct for the potential effects of population stratification in admixed samples in the region

A communal catalogue reveals Earth's multiscale microbial diversity

Our growing awareness of the microbial world's importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth's microbial diversity.Peer reviewe

A communal catalogue reveals Earth’s multiscale microbial diversity

Our growing awareness of the microbial world’s importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth’s microbial diversity

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

CARMENES: high-resolution spectra and precise radial velocities in the red and infrared

SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation (2018, Austin, Texas, United States

Mejor predictor lineal e insesgado combinado para aptitud combinatoria general y análisis combinado de los diseños uno y tres de Griffing

In the genetic breeding of plants and animals, it is common to make the evaluation of treatments in diverse environmental conditions, emerging the necessity to project researches in a series of similar experiments, such as in the Griffing´s designs. In such case, in most of the occasions, the combined analysis of the series of experiments, including the diallel crosses, has been done on the basis of a fixed effects lineal model, in spite of the random nature of the general and specific combining abilities in the diallel crosses experiments. Therefore, in the present work for Griffing´s designs one and three, established in complete blocks of randomized designs, the combined empirical best linear unbiased predictors are derived from the general combining ability effects, based on the estimation methodology of random effects in a mixed effects model. Additionally, a computational algorithm is presented, in SAS/IML, for the combined analysis of experiments.En el mejoramiento genético de plantas y animales es común realizar la evaluación de tratamientos en diversas condiciones ambientales, surgiendo la necesidad de proyectar investigaciones en una serie de experimentos similares, tales como en los diseños de Griffing. En tal caso, en la mayoría de las ocasiones, el análisis combinado de las series de experimentos, incluyendo los de cruzas dialélicas, se han efectuado con un modelo lineal de efectos fijos, a pesar de la naturaleza aleatoria de la aptitud combinatoria general y específica en los experimentos de cruzas dialélicas. Por ello, en el presente trabajo, para los diseños I y III de Griffing establecidos en experimentos de bloques completos al azar, se derivan los mejores predictores lineales e insesgados combinados de los efectos de aptitud combinatoria general, con base en la metodología de estimación de efectos aleatorios en un modelo de efectos mixtos. Adicionalmente, se presenta un algoritmo computacional, en SAS/IML, para el análisis combinado de experimentos

Exploring the Distribution of Genetic Markers of Pharmacogenomics Relevance in Brazilian and Mexican Populations

<div><p>Studies of pharmacogenomics-related traits are increasingly being performed to identify loci that affect either drug response or susceptibility to adverse drug reactions. However, the effect of the polymorphisms can differ in magnitude or be absent depending on the population being assessed. We used the Affymetrix Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters (DMET) Plus array to characterize the distribution of polymorphisms of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics (PGx) relevance in two samples from the most populous Latin American countries, Brazil and Mexico. The sample from Brazil included 268 individuals from the southeastern state of Rio de Janeiro, and was stratified into census categories. The sample from Mexico comprised 45 Native American Zapotecas and 224 self-identified Mestizo individuals from 5 states located in geographically distant regions in Mexico. We evaluated the admixture proportions in the Brazilian and Mexican samples using a panel of Ancestry Informative Markers extracted from the DMET array, which was validated with genome-wide data. A substantial variation in ancestral proportions across census categories in Brazil, and geographic regions in Mexico was identified. We evaluated the extent of genetic differentiation (measured as <i>F_ST</i> values) of the genetic markers of the DMET Plus array between the relevant parental populations. Although the average levels of genetic differentiation are low, there is a long tail of markers showing large frequency differences, including markers located in genes belonging to the Cytochrome P450, Solute Carrier (SLC) and UDP-glucuronyltransferase (UGT) families as well as other genes of PGx relevance such as <i>ABCC8, ADH1A, CHST3, PON1, PPARD, PPARG</i>, and <i>VKORC1</i>. We show how differences in admixture history may have an important impact in the distribution of allele and genotype frequencies at the population level.</p></div