LA IMPORTANCIA DE LA INTERACCIÓN EN EL PROCESO DE APRENDIZAJE DE LA TRADUCCIÓN

This article describes the importance of interaction during the teaching-learning process of translation, as a result of the research project that was completed during the doctorate in Language Sciences at the University of Veracruz. This study consisted on directing a microgenetic analysis of the translation process from French to Spanish of a classic short story: Le Petit Chaperon Rouge, by Charles Perrault, carried out by a group of students at the Seminar of Translation, taught at the Institute of Education Research. The results proved that the interaction with the experimented adult facilitates the learning process of translating; therefore social interaction is essential for cognitive development.En este artículo se describe la importancia de la interacción en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la traducción; el trabajo es producto de una investigación que se llevó a cabo en el doctorado en Ciencias del Lenguaje, de la Universidad Veracruzana. El estudio consistió en realizar un análisis microgenético del proceso de traducción del francés al español de un cuento clásico: Le Petit Chaperon Rouge, de Charles Perrault, por un grupo de estudiantes del Seminario de Traducción, que se imparte en el Instituto de Investigaciones en Educación, de nuestra casa de estudios. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la interacción con el adulto experimentado facilita el proceso de aprendizaje de la traducción, por lo que la interacción social es indispensable para el desarrollo cognitivo

Proteomic patterns of cervical cancer cell lines, a network perspective

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cervical cancer is a major mortality factor in the female population. This neoplastic is an excellent model for studying the mechanisms involved in cancer maintenance, because the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the etiology factor in most cases. With the purpose of characterizing the effects of malignant transformation in cellular activity, proteomic studies constitute a reliable way to monitor the biological alterations induced by this disease. In this contextual scheme, a systemic description that enables the identification of the common events between cell lines of different origins, is required to distinguish the essence of carcinogenesis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>With this study, we sought to achieve a systemic perspective of the common proteomic profile of six cervical cancer cell lines, both positive and negative for HPV, and which differ from the profile corresponding to the non-tumourgenic cell line, HaCaT. Our objectives were to identify common cellular events participating in cancer maintenance, as well as the establishment of a pipeline to work with proteomic-derived results. We analyzed by means of 2D SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry the protein extracts of six cervical cancer cell lines, from which we identified a consensus of 66 proteins. We call this group of proteins, the "central core of cervical cancer". Starting from this core set of proteins, we acquired a PPI network that pointed, through topological analysis, to some proteins that may well be playing a central role in the neoplastic process, such as 14-3-3ζ. <it>In silico </it>overrepresentation analysis of transcription factors pointed to the overexpression of c-Myc, Max and E2F1 as key transcription factors involved in orchestrating the neoplastic phenotype.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our findings show that there is a "central core of cervical cancer" protein expression pattern, and suggest that 14-3-3ζ is key to determine if the cell proliferates or dies. In addition, our bioinformatics analysis suggests that the neoplastic phenotype is governed by a non-canonical regulatory pathway.</p

Degradabilidade da matéria seca e da proteína bruta de frutos de Cloroleucon mangense e Acacia cochliacantha em carneiros

The objective of this work was to determine the nutritional content and the degradability of the dry matter and protein of fruits of Chloroleucon mangense and Acacia cochliacantha and of a 1:1 mixture of both, offered as supplements to Rambouillet sheep. In situ ruminal degradation was evaluated in three adult rams, fitted with a rumen cannula, with different incubation times of 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Protein intestinal degradability was quantified with a three-step procedure: in situ ruminal incubation, in vitro enzymatic digestion, and abomasal-intestinal digestion. The fruits of C. mangense and A. cochliacantha contain 21 and 12% crude protein, 47 and 56% neutral detergent fiber, 31 and 43% acid detergent fiber, and 0.9 and 6.0% condensed tannins, respectively. The fruits of C. mangense showed a higher nutritional value and a higher  dry matter and crude protein degradability (p<0.05) than those of A. cochliacantha and the 1:1 mixture. The amount of protein that reaches the small intestine is higher for the 1:1, which is an indicative that its tannin concentration is enough to increase the bypass protein that can be absorbed in the small intestine.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o conteúdo nutricional e a degradabilidade da matéria seca e da proteína de frutos de Cloroleucon mangense e Acacia cochliacantha e de uma mistura 1:1 de ambos, oferecidos como suplementos para carneiros Rambouillet. Foi avaliada a degradação ruminal in situ em três carneiros adultos, com colocação de uma cânula ruminal, com diferentes tempos de incubação de 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 e 72 horas. A degradação intestinal da proteína foi quantificada por meio de procedimento com três etapas: incubação ruminal in situ, digestão enzimática in vitro e digestão abomasal intestinal. Os frutos de C. mangense e A. cochliacantha contêm 21% e 12% de proteína bruta, 47% e 56% de fibra em detergente neutro, 31 e 43% de fibra em detergente ácido e 0,9 e 6,0% de taninos condensados, respectivamente. Os frutos de C. mangense apresentaram valor nutricional edegradabilidade da matéria seca e da proteína bruta (p<0,05) maiores que os de A. cochliacantha e da mistura 1:1. A quantidade de proteína que chega ao intestino delgado é maior para a mistura 1:1, o que é indicativo de que sua concentração de tanino é suficiente para aumentar a proteína não degradável no rúmen absorvida no intestino delgado

Vocabulario de la sociedad civil, la ruralidad y los movimientos sociales en América Latina

El Vocabulario de la Sociedad Civil, la Ruralidad y los Movimientos Sociales en América Latina tiene como objetivo desarrollar vocablos relacionados con temas de gran trascendencia para la vida colectiva de la población Latinoamericana; pretende introducir a estudiantes, personas del ámbito académico y activistas en la comprensión de estas categorías de análisis. A través de la mirada de 70 especialistas que participaron en este vocabulario, es posible comprender muchos de los términos que se utilizan dentro de la investigación social y áreas relacionadas con las ciencias políticas, ambientales y rurales, a partir de una mayor explicación y detalle. Es por ello que se inserta este trabajo desde una mirada colectiva y amplia de los conceptos que se exponen. En este libro podrá encontrar las ideas de varios autores y autoras de distintas universidades, con una visión multi, inter y transdisciplinaria. El esfuerzo que se realizó para conjuntar varios términos y analizar su compleja red de interpretaciones, permitirá que este manuscrito pueda ser consultado por estudiantes, personas del ámbito científico-académico, y ciudadanía; porque contiene el estado del arte, la historia del paulatino avance de múltiples conceptos y su vigencia en el contexto actual

El Derecho Argentino frente a la pandemia y post-pandemia COVID-19. TOMO II

La Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba no podía permanecer indolente frente a la conmoción que, durante este año 2020, ha provocado en el mundo la pandemia de COVID-19. Como comunidad educativa advertíamos que la prioridad máxima era lograr la continuidad de la labor de nuestra Casa de Estudios, para garantizar a nuestros alumnos del grado y del posgrado, el ejercicio de su derecho a estudiar, continuando y en algunos casos iniciando sus estudios, a pesar de las condiciones adversas que se vivían. Con esa finalidad convocamos a los profesores titulares de todas las cátedras y eméritos y consultos que quisieran hacerlo, a sumarse con sus aportes a esta construcción colectiva, que aborda los temas que nos ocupan desde las diversas perspectivas de las distintas áreas del mundo jurídico. Y la desinteresada respuesta positiva no se hizo esperar. Prueba de ello es este libro cuyas dimensiones, tanto en lo cuantitativo como en lo cualitativo, superaron las expectativas iniciales. La jerarquía de los autores que generosamente han participado con sus contribuciones, en algunos casos en forma individual y en otros acompañados por sus equipos de colaboradores, permiten prever que esta obra ha de brindar elementos de juicio de gran utilidad para continuar construyendo el mundo jurídico, dentro de la pandemia y después de ella.ÍNDICE GENERAL. TOMO II. DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL. "Emergencias, orden constitucional y COVID-19 en Argentina" por Antonio María Hernández. "Una constitución para todas las épocas. Algunas notas sobre el Derecho Constitucional en tiempo de pandemia" por Guillermo E. Barrera Buteler, Magdalena I. Álvarez, José M. Pérez Corti y Victorino Solá. Pandemia y constitución en la Argentina actual. Reflexiones desde la Cátedra “B” de Derecho Constitucional Facultad de Derecho. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. I. Introducción. Breves comentarios sobre este texto y “lo constitucional” en los tiempos actuales en Argentina por Andrés Rossetti. II. Nociones sobre el Cuidado y el Modo de Ser en el Mundo por Marta Faur. III. Impacto de la pandemia en la dicotomía público/privado en Argentina por Claudio E. Guiñazú. IV. Preocupaciones constitucionales en tiempos de pandemia: desigualdad y emergencia. La necesidad de repensar los mecanismos decisorios por Romina Verri. V. Derechos laborales y gremiales de los trabajadores estatales durante la emergencia sanitaria por Félix A. López Amaya. VI. La coordinación intergubernamental frente al COVID-19 en experiencias de países federales por Marcelo Bernal. "Cuando el centro está afuera de la figura. -República, desequilibrio de poderes y emergencia-" por Pablo Riberi. "Pandemia y estado de excepción" por Miguel Ángel Ortiz Pellegrini. DERECHO PENAL. "La emergencia sanitaria en contextos de encierro carcelario" por Carlos Julio Lascano. "COVID-19 y cárceles argentinas" por Gustavo A. Arocena. DERECHO INTERNACIONAL PUBLICO. "La confrontación entre Estados Unidos de América y China en tiempos de COVID-19 y el Derecho Internacional Público" por Zlata Drnas de Clément. "El rol del principio de cooperación internacional durante la pandemia y en el período post-COVID 19" por María Alejandra Sticca. "COVID-19, crímenes internacionales y amenazas a la paz: ¿integran las pandemias el ámbito material de la responsabilidad de proteger?" por Luciano Pezzano. "Incidencia de la pandemia covid 19 en derechos fundamentales. Las organizaciones internacionales y la seguridad de los estados" por Christian G. Sommer, María Pilar Llorens, Oscar Benítez y Guillermo Costilla. DERECHO INTERNACIONAL PRIVADO. "El COVID-19 y la cooperación jurídica internacional" por Adriana Dreyzin de Klor. "El COVID-19 y las nuevas formas de celebración del matrimonio" por Carlos E. Echegaray de Maussion. "Pandemia y solicitudes de retorno de menores por traslados ilícitos en sustracción de niños: ¿es la COVID-19 una excepción de riesgo grave?" por Myriam Diana Lucero. "Justicia, aislamiento y videoconferencia la experiencia del Derecho Internacional Privado en desandar barreras: guía de buenas prácticas de la conferencia de La Haya 2019" por Carolina Harrington. "Restitución internacional de niños. La excepción de grave riesgo y COVID-19" por Laura Martina Jeifetz. "El Derecho Internacional Privado y el desafío frente a los grupos más vulnerables en el marco del COVID-19" por Cristina Britos. "La responsabilidad social empresaria de las empresas multinacionales como herramienta para enfrentar la pandemia COVID-19" por Candela Noelia Villegas. DERECHO ADMINISTRATIVO. "Los deberes cívicos frente a la pandemia COVID 19" por José Luis Palazzo. "Importancia del rol y la gestión del Poder Judicial en tiempos de coronavirus – COVID-19" por Domingo J. Sesin y Daniela S. Sosa. DERECHO DEL TRABAJO Y DE LA SEGURIDAD SOCIAL. "Las relaciones laborales en la emergencia" por Carlos Alberto Toselli.Fil: Hernández, Antonio María. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Barrera Buteler, Guillermo Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Álvarez, Magdalena I. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Pérez Corti, José M. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Solá, Victorino. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Rossetti, Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Faur, Marta. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Guiñazú, Claudio E. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Verri, Romina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: López Amaya, Félix A. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Bernal, Marcelo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Bernal, Marcelo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Centro de Estudios Avanzados; Argentina.Fil: Riberi, Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Ortiz Pellegrini, Miguel Ángel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Lascano, Carlos Julio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Arocena, Gustavo A. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Drnas de Clément, Zlata. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Sticca, María Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Pezzano, Luciano. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Sommer, Christian G. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Sommer, Christian G. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho. Instituto de Derechos Humanos; Argentina.Fil: Llorens, María Pilar. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Benítez, Oscar. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Costilla, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Salas, Graciela R. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Mortarotti, Pablo César. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Mortarotti, Pablo César. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Mortarotti, Pablo César. Universidad Siglo 21; Argentina.Fil: Dreyzin de Klor, Adriana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Dreyzin de Klor, Adriana. Universidad Blas Pascal; Argentina.Fil: Lucero, Myriam Diana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Harrington, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Jeifetz, Laura Martina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Britos, Cristina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Villegas, Candela Noelia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Villegas, Candela Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Zavatti, Adriana M. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Bottiglieri, María G. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Fernández, Flavia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Gordillo Reinalde, Laura Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Palazzo, José Luis. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Sesin, Domingo J. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Sosa, Daniela S. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Giménez, Laura E. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Tello Roldan, María Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Toselli, Carlos Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Echegaray de Maussion, Carlos E. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation