Los Disruptores Endocrinos Como Obesógenos Ambientales: Efectos en Proteínas Adipogénicas Clave

Los disruptores endocrinos (EDC) son compuestos químicos exógenos de origen sintético o natural que interfieren en las funciones hormonales. Se estima que más de 1000 compuestos químicos presentes en el medio ambiente poseen una posible actividad disruptora. La exposición a EDC se ha relacionado con el desarrollo de múltiples enfermedades como la obesidad. Los obesógenos son compuestos químicos xenobióticos que regulan y promueven inadecuadamente la acumulación de lípidos y la adipogénesis. La adipogénesis es el proceso mediante el cual las células progenitoras similares a fibroblastos restringen su destino a las células adipogénicas, acumulan nutrientes y se convierten en adipocitos maduros. Para conocer las principales evidencias científicas de la última década sobre los efectos obesogénicos de los EDC, se realizó una búsqueda en la literatura empleando las plataformas Scopus y Pubmed. El análisis arrojó 60 artículos originales de los cuales 24 fueron seleccionados por brindar información sobre proteínas adipogénicas clave. Los datos muestran que los EDC como los compuestos de organoestaño, ftalatos y bisfenoles estimulan vías de señalización adipogénicas clave mediadas por el receptor activado por el proliferador de peroxisomas-γ y la CCAAT/proteína de unión al potenciador-α, factores similares a krüppel y receptores de hormonas tiroideas, estrógeno y glucocorticoides; en relación a factores como el tipo, la concentración y el período de exposición al disruptor. Además, sus efectos podrían ser potenciados por la presencia de una dieta alta en grasas o una mezcla de diferentes tipos de EDC. En conclusión, los EDC inducen efectos obesogénicos a través de la estimulación de vías de señalización adipogénicas; y se requieren más estudios para comprender los mecanismos moleculares que subyacen a los efectos de los EDC para determinar su relevancia fisiológica y promover aún más su regulación en la industria. Endocrine disruptors (EDC) are exogenous chemical compounds of synthetic or natural origin which interfere with hormonal functions. It is estimated that more than 1000 chemical compounds present in the enviroment have possible disruptive activity. Exposure to endocrine disruptors has been linked to the development of multiple diseases such as obesity. Obesogens are xenobiotic chemical compounds that inappropriately regulate and promote lipid accumulation and adipogenesis. Adipogenesis is the process by which fibroblast-like progenitor cells restrict their fate to adipogenic cells, accumulate nutrients, and develop into mature adipocytes. To know the main scientific evidence from the last decade regarding the obesogenic effects of EDC, a literature research was conducted using Scopus and Pubmed platforms. The analysis showed 60 original articles from which 24 were selected for providing information on key adipogenic proteins. Data shows that EDC such as organotin compounds, phthalates and bisphenols stimulate key adipogenic signaling pathways mediated by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ and CCAAT-enhancer binding protein-α, krüppel like factors, and thyroid, estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors; in relation to factors like type, concentration and period of exposure to the disruptor. Furthermore, their effects could be potentiated by the presence of a high fat diet or a mix of diferent types of EDC. In conclusion, EDC induce obesogenic effects through the stimulation of adipogenic signaling pathways; in addition, more studies are required to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie EDC effects to determine their physiological relevance, and to further promote their regulation in the industry

Construcción y Análisis Estadístico del Inventario Multidimensional de Celos Románticos: Estudio Preliminar

Con el objetivo de construir y validar una prueba para medir propiedades de los celos románticos, se desarrolló el Inventario Multidimensional de Celos Románticos (IMCR) desde tres ejes: 1) su conceptualización, 2) circunstancias que lo generan y 3) respuestas cognitivas, afectivas y conductuales involucradas. El IMCR está constituido por cinco escalas tipo Likert con sus respectivas opciones de respuesta. Se acudió a juicio de expertos para la validez de contenido y por análisis factoriales exploratorios para la validez de constructo de cada escala, presentando coeficientes de confiabilidad superiores a (α > .873). Por esto, el IMCR tiene una estructura relativamente clara con dimensiones en parte independientes y que miden con razonable precisión los tres ejes; concluyendo que los celos románticos son un constructo multidimensional con respuestas afectivas, cognitivas y conductuales desencadenadas a partir de una situación que representa la posible pérdida de la pareja

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

Peer reviewe

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Efecto del ácido salicílico en la germinación y crecimiento radicular del tomate

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), is a vegetable belonging to the Solanaceae family. This crop is important in several countries, mainly due to its high economic value reflected in its great demand, with markets for fresh or industrialized consumption. Due to its commercial importance, research is carried out on its crops to obtain good quality seedlings. Salicylic acid has been proposed as a plant growth regulator, due to its induced effects on some physiological processes in plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of salicylic acid on the germination and quality of tomato seedlings. The seed imbibition tests and the preparation of salicylic acid were carried out in the plant physiology and biotechnology laboratory of the Technological Institute of Conkal, Yucatán, during 2016-2017. Tomato seeds of the Rio Grande variety with a determined growth habit were used. The seeds were subjected to an imbibition process for 24 h under controlled laboratory conditions. The evaluated treatments were 0, 1, 0.01 and 0.0001 μM of salicylic acid (AS) and as a control one without imbibition. An analysis of variance was performed with the results, as well as the test of comparison of means by the Tukey method (p≤ 0.05), using the SAS statistical package see 9.3. The results showed that the time of seed imbibition in concentrations of salicylic acid does not inhibit germination and stimulates the differentiation of secondary roots in concentrations of 1 and 0.01 μM AS.El tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.), es una hortaliza perteneciente a la familia de las solanáceas. Este cultivo es importante en varios países, principalmente por su alto valor económico reflejado en su gran demanda, con mercados para consumo fresco o industrializado. Debido a su importancia comercial, se realizan investigaciones de sus cultivos, para obtener plántulas de buena calidad. El ácido salicílico ha sido propuesto como un regulador de crecimiento vegetal, debido a los efectos inducidos en algunos procesos fisiológicos de las plantas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes concentraciones de ácido salicílico sobre la germinación y calidad de plántulas de tomate. Las pruebas de imbibición de las semillas y la preparación del ácido salicílico se realizaron en el laboratorio de fisiología y biotecnología vegetal del Intituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Yucatán, durante 2016-2017. Se utilizaron semillas de tomate variedad Río Grande con hábito de crecimiento determinado. Las semillas se sometieron a un proceso de imbibición durante 24 h en condiciones de laboratorio controladas. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron 0, 1, 0.01 y 0.0001 μM de ácido salicílico (AS) y como control uno sin imbibición. Con los resultados se realizó un análisis de varianza, así como la prueba de comparación de medias por el método de Tukey (p≤ 0.05), mediante el paquete estadístico SAS ver 9.3. Los resultados demostraron que el tiempo de imbibición de semillas en concentraciones de ácido salicílico no inhibe la germinación y estimula la diferenciación de raíces secundarias en concentraciones de 1 y 0.01 μM AS

Construcción y Análisis Estadístico del Inventario Multidimensional de Celos Románticos: Estudio Preliminar

Aiming to construct and validate a test to measure jealousy, the Multidimensional Inventory of Romantic Jealousy (MIRJ)  was developed from three axes: 1) the notion of jealousy, 2) the situations that generate it and 3) cognitive, affective and behavioral responses involved. The MIRJ consists of five Likert scales with five response options each. The inventory was validated by expert judgment on the content validity and exploratory factor analysis to construct the validity of each scale, showing higher reliability coefficients (α > .85). MIRJ  has a fairly clear structure with independent dimensions that measure with reasonable accuracy the three axes. In Conclusion, romantic jealousy is a multidimensional construct with affective, cognitive and behavioral responses, triggered from a situation that represents the possible loss of a partner.Con el objetivo de construir y validar una prueba para medir propiedades de los celos románticos, se desarrolló el Inventario Multidimensional de Celos Románticos (IMCR) desde tres ejes: 1) su conceptualización, 2) circunstancias que lo generan y 3) respuestas cognitivas, afectivas y conductuales involucradas. El IMCR está constituido por cinco escalas tipo Likert con sus respectivas opciones de respuesta. Se acudió a juicio de expertos para la validez de contenido y por análisis factoriales exploratorios para la validez de constructo de cada escala, presentando coeficientes de confiabilidad superiores a (α > .873). Por esto, el IMCR tiene una estructura relativamente clara con dimensiones en parte independientes y que miden con razonable precisión los tres ejes; concluyendo que los celos románticos son un constructo multidimensional con respuestas afectivas, cognitivas y conductuales desencadenadas a partir de una situación que representa la posible pérdida de la pareja

Construcción y Análisis Estadístico del Inventario Multidimensional de Celos Románticos: Estudio Preliminar.

Con el objetivo de construir y validar una prueba para medir propiedades de los celos románticos, se desarrolló el Inventario Multidimensional de Celos Románticos (IMCR) desde tres ejes: 1) su conceptualización, 2) circunstancias que lo generan y 3) respuestas cognitivas, afectivas y conductuales involucradas. El IMCR está constituido por cinco escalas tipo Likert con sus respectivas opciones de respuesta. Se acudió a juicio de expertos para la validez de contenido y por análisis factoriales exploratorios para la validez de constructo de cada escala, presentando coeficientes de confiabilidad superiores a (α > .873). Por esto, el IMCR tiene una estructura relativamente clara con dimensiones en parte independientes y que miden con razonable precisión los tres ejes; concluyendo que los celos románticos son un constructo multidimensional con respuestas afectivas, cognitivas y conductuales desencadenadas a partir de una situación que representa la posible pérdida de la pareja