1,589 research outputs found

    Abscisic acid is a substrate of the ABC transporter encoded by the durable wheat disease resistance gene Lr34

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    The wheat Lr34res allele, coding for an ATP-binding cassette transporter, confers durable resistance against multiple fungal pathogens. The Lr34sus allele, differing from Lr34res by two critical nucleotide polymorphisms, is found in susceptible wheat cultivars. Lr34res is functionally transferrable as a transgene into all major cereals, including rice, barley, maize, and sorghum. Here, we used transcriptomics, physiology, genetics, and in vitro and in vivo transport assays to study the molecular function of Lr34. We report that Lr34res results in a constitutive induction of transcripts reminiscent of an abscisic acid (ABA)-regulated response in transgenic rice. Lr34-expressing rice was altered in biological processes that are controlled by this phytohormone, including dehydration tolerance, transpiration and seedling growth. In planta seedling and in vitro yeast accumulation assays revealed that both LR34res and LR34sus act as ABA transporters. However, whereas the LR34res protein was detected in planta the LR34sus version was not, suggesting a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism. Our results identify ABA as a substrate of the LR34 ABC transporter. We conclude that LR34res-mediated ABA redistribution has a major effect on the transcriptional response and physiology of Lr34res-expressing plants and that ABA is a candidate molecule that contributes to Lr34res-mediated disease resistance

    Steigerung der Wertschöpfung ökologisch angebauter MarktfrĂŒchte durch Optimierung des Managements der Bodenfruchtbarkeit

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    Das interdisziplinĂ€re Bodenfruchtbarkeitsprojekt beschĂ€ftigte sich in vier Versuchs- und fĂŒnf Projektjahren mit den ZusammenhĂ€ngen zwischen dem Anbau von Körnerleguminosen und Bodenfruchtbarkeit, insbesondere auf viehschwachen bzw. viehlosen Biobetrieben. In Erhebungen auf 32 Praxisbetrieben konnten bislang allenfalls vermutete ZusammenhĂ€nge wie z. B. die Zunahme des Unkrautdeckungsgrades mit zunehmendem Humusgehalt bestĂ€tigt werden. Die Ergebnisse deuten auch darauf hin, dass z. B. die AnbauabstĂ€nde im Erbsenanbau im Vergleich zu praxisĂŒblichen Empfehlungen vergrĂ¶ĂŸert werden mĂŒssen, daneben ergaben sich auch interessante neue AnknĂŒpfungspunkte. Hinsichtlich der Leguminosengesundheit ermöglicht die neu entwickelte Differenzialdiagnose, die Ursache fĂŒr ggf. auftretende „LeguminosenmĂŒdigkeit“ einzugrenzen bzw. PraxisschlĂ€ge vor dem Anbau auf Krankheitsrisiken zu testen. Im Projekt konnte außerdem gezeigt werden, dass GrĂŒngutkomposte die Wurzelgesundheit von Erbsen deutlich verbessern können. Es wurden darĂŒber hinaus verschiedene Methoden zur Kompostapplikation zu Körnerleguminosen geprĂŒft und fĂŒr den Praxiseinsatz optimiert. Neben GrĂŒngutkomposten spielt auch GrĂŒnguthĂ€cksel eine wichtige Rolle bei der NĂ€hrstoffversorgung von Leguminosen. OberflĂ€chlich leicht eingearbeiteter GrĂŒnguthĂ€cksel ist in der Lage, das Wachstum der Kulturpflanzen sowohl durch eine unkrautunterdrĂŒckende Wirkung als auch durch Schutz vor VerschlĂ€mmung sowie erhöhte Wasserinfiltrationsraten zu verbessern. Die Ergebnisse zum Landtechnikeinsatz zeigen, dass schon geringe Belastungen zu Bodenverdichtungen und damit zu ErtragsrĂŒckgĂ€ngen in Erbsen fĂŒhren, weshalb Maßnahmen zu Reduzierung des Bodendrucks essenziell sind. Hinsichtlich der beikrautunterdrĂŒckenden Wirkung des Gemengeanbaus von Erbsen in Kombination mit Hafer konnte gezeigt werden, dass der Gemengeanbau das erhöhte Beikrautaufkommen bei flachwendender Bodenbearbeitung erfolgreich ausgleichen kann und hinsichtlich der Ertragssicherheit Vorteile mit sich bringt. Nicht zuletzt machte das Projekt auf die Vorteile und Potenziale des Wintererbsenanbaus aufmerksam. Über einen fortlaufenden Wissenstransfer war das Projekt von Beginn an in der landwirtschaftlichen Praxis prĂ€sent

    Belle II Pixel Detector Commissioning and Operational Experience

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    Status of the BELLE II Pixel Detector

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    The Belle II experiment at the super KEK B-factory (SuperKEKB) in Tsukuba, Japan, has been collecting e+e−e^+e^− collision data since March 2019. Operating at a record-breaking luminosity of up to 4.7×1034cm−2s−14.7×10^{34} cm^{−2}s^{−1}, data corresponding to 424fb−1424 fb^{−1} has since been recorded. The Belle II VerteX Detector (VXD) is central to the Belle II detector and its physics program and plays a crucial role in reconstructing precise primary and decay vertices. It consists of the outer 4-layer Silicon Vertex Detector (SVD) using double sided silicon strips and the inner two-layer PiXel Detector (PXD) based on the Depleted P-channel Field Effect Transistor (DePFET) technology. The PXD DePFET structure combines signal generation and amplification within pixels with a minimum pitch of (50×55)ÎŒm2(50×55) ÎŒm^2. A high gain and a high signal-to-noise ratio allow thinning the pixels to 75ÎŒm75 ÎŒm while retaining a high pixel hit efficiency of about 9999%. As a consequence, also the material budget of the full detector is kept low at ≈0.21≈0.21%XX0\frac{X}{X_0} per layer in the acceptance region. This also includes contributions from the control, Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC), and data processing Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) as well as from cooling and support structures. This article will present the experience gained from four years of operating PXD; the first full scale detector employing the DePFET technology in High Energy Physics. Overall, the PXD has met the expectations. Operating in the intense SuperKEKB environment poses many challenges that will also be discussed. The current PXD system remains incomplete with only 20 out of 40 modules having been installed. A full replacement has been constructed and is currently in its final testing stage before it will be installed into Belle II during the ongoing long shutdown that will last throughout 2023

    Kulturen des Entscheidens

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    Der Band thematisiert Entscheiden als eine soziale Praxis, die keineswegs selbstverstĂ€ndlich sondern in hohem Maße voraussetzungsvoll ist und die mit unterschiedlichen Zumutungen einhergeht. Entscheiden nimmt je nach sozialen UmstĂ€nden ganz unterschiedliche Formen an und unterliegt demnach dem historischen Wandel. Die BeitrĂ€ge des Bandes gehen anhand ausgewĂ€hlter Fallbeispiele, die vom mittelalterlichen Europa bis hin zum gegenwĂ€rtigen Indien reichen, unterschiedlichen Aspekten von Kulturen des Entscheidens nach. Sie nehmen Narrative und Praktiken des Entscheidens ebenso in den Blick wie den Einsatz von Ressourcen in Prozessen des Entscheidens und diskutieren AnsĂ€tze, Entscheiden in einer geistes- und kulturwissenschaftlichen Perspektive zu analysieren. Der Band zeigt so die vielfĂ€ltigen Möglichkeiten auf, wie Entscheiden untersucht werden kann, wenn dieses als eine historisch wandelbare soziale Praxis und als kulturell diverses PhĂ€nomen begriffen wird

    Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

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    Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð„with constraintsð ð ð„ „ ðandðŽð„ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

    Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

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    A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV

    Search for supersymmetry in events with one lepton and multiple jets in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

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    Peer reviewe

    Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

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    Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (Ό̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ÂŻ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ÂŻ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),Ό̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| < 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.
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