Relación entre ácidos grasos dietarios y la concentración salival de inmunoglobulina a secretoria

OBJETIVO: analizar la relación entre los ácidos grasos (AG) dietarios y la concentración salival de inmunoglobulina A secretoria (IgAs) en adultos sanos de diferentes edades.MÉTODOS: participaron 49 personas que fueron divididas en cuatro grupos según sexo y edad: mujeres de 20-39 años (G1; n=12) y de 40-60 años (G2; n=11); hombres de 20-39 años (G3; n=14) y de 40-60 años (G4; n=12). Se aplicó una encuesta de frecuencia de consumo alimentario cuali-cuantitativo validada, cuya información fue procesada con el programa Interfood v.1.3 a fin de determinar el valor energético total (VET), grasa total (GT), colesterol (C), AG saturados (AGS), monoinsaturados (AGMI) y poliinsaturados (AGPI), ácido linoleico (AL), alfa linolénico (ALA) y araquidónico (AA). Se recolectaron muestras de saliva mixta no estimulada para determinar los valores de IgAs mediante la técnica de inmunodifusión radial simple. Se aplicaron las pruebas de Kruskal Wallis para comparar las variables según los grupos y de Pearson para correlacionar los valores de IgAs con las variables mencionadas, con un nivel de significación del 5%. Se utilizó el programa Infostat.RESULTADOS: la IgAs presentó valores inferiores en G1 con respecto a los otros grupos, pero la diferencia no fue significativa (p=0,23). El consumo de C fue mayor en G3 que en G1 y G2 y la ingesta de ALA fue superior en G4 que en G2 (p<0,05). Se observó una correlación negativa significativa entre VET e ingesta de AGS y la concentración salival de IgAs en G3 (p<0,05). Al analizar independientemente los valores de IgAs inferiores a los normales, se encontraron correlaciones negativas con VET (-0,59; p=0,01), AGS (-0,66; p=0,01), GT (-0,49; p=0,04) y C (-0,51; p=0,03) en general, y con C (-0,78; p=0,04) y AGS (-0,76; p=0,04) en G1.CONCLUSIÓN: la ingesta de AGS se relaciona con una menor concentración salival de IgAs en hombres y mujeres sanos de 20-39 años. El consumo de grasas tendría influencia sobre la concentración salival de IgAs, pero es importante continuar investigando en este sentido.Fil: Costantino, Evangelina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Anatomía B; Argentina.Fil: Costantino, Evangelina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina.Fil: Escandriolo Nackauzi, Jorge Dario. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Anatomía B; Argentina.Fil: Escandriolo Nackauzi, Jorge Dario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Bertolotto, Patricia Isolina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física; Argentina.Fil: Heinze, VM. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Pistoresi, Maria Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Actis, Adriana Beatríz. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica; Argentina.Fil: Actis, Adriana Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina.Otras Ciencias de la Salu

Emergent Phenomena Induced by Spin-Orbit Coupling at Surfaces and Interfaces

Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) describes the relativistic interaction between the spin and momentum degrees of freedom of electrons, and is central to the rich phenomena observed in condensed matter systems. In recent years, new phases of matter have emerged from the interplay between SOC and low dimensionality, such as chiral spin textures and spin-polarized surface and interface states. These low-dimensional SOC-based realizations are typically robust and can be exploited at room temperature. Here we discuss SOC as a means of producing such fundamentally new physical phenomena in thin films and heterostructures. We put into context the technological promise of these material classes for developing spin-based device applications at room temperature

Reconstructing Prehistoric African Population Structure

We assembled genome-wide data from 16 prehistoric Africans. We show that the anciently divergent lineage that comprises the primary ancestry of the southern African San had a wider distribution in the past, contributing approximately two-thirds of the ancestry of Malawi hunter-gatherers ∼8,100–2,500 years ago and approximately one-third of the ancestry of Tanzanian hunter-gatherers ∼1,400 years ago. We document how the spread of farmers from western Africa involved complete replacement of local hunter-gatherers in some regions, and we track the spread of herders by showing that the population of a ∼3,100-year-old pastoralist from Tanzania contributed ancestry to people from northeastern to southern Africa, including a ∼1,200-year-old southern African pastoralist. The deepest diversifications of African lineages were complex, involving either repeated gene flow among geographically disparate groups or a lineage more deeply diverging than that of the San contributing more to some western African populations than to others. We finally leverage ancient genomes to document episodes of natural selection in southern African populations

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

Search for gravitational waves associated with gamma-ray bursts detected by Fermi and Swift during the LIGO–Virgo run O3b

We search for gravitational-wave signals associated with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by the Fermi and Swift satellites during the second half of the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (2019 November 1 15:00 UTC–2020 March 27 17:00 UTC). We conduct two independent searches: a generic gravitational-wave transients search to analyze 86 GRBs and an analysis to target binary mergers with at least one neutron star as short GRB progenitors for 17 events. We find no significant evidence for gravitational-wave signals associated with any of these GRBs. A weighted binomial test of the combined results finds no evidence for subthreshold gravitational-wave signals associated with this GRB ensemble either. We use several source types and signal morphologies during the searches, resulting in lower bounds on the estimated distance to each GRB. Finally, we constrain the population of low-luminosity short GRBs using results from the first to the third observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. The resulting population is in accordance with the local binary neutron star merger rate