Estudo da eficiência, qualidade e custo em tingimento de poliéster preto com banho redutivo

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Blumenau. Engenharia TêxtilOs processos de beneficiamento têxtil empregam uma grande quantidade de corantes para a obtenção de cores intensas, onde os substratos devem ser muito bem lavados ao final do processo para que os produtos apresentem solidez adequada. Uma alternativa ao grande número de lavações é o processo de redução destes corantes residuais, onde estudos buscam alternativas para melhoria destes processos redutivos. Os processos de tingimento e acabamento de substratos têxteis estão diretamente associados ao elevado consumo de químicos e água para sua produção. Atualmente, com um mercado cada vez mais competitivo, mas ao mesmo tempo clamando para a proteção do meio ambiente cada vez mais escasso de recursos naturais, a indústria têxtil assumiu um papel importante tomando inciativas e buscando alternativas em otimizar os gastos, sem perder a capacidade produtiva, e os danos causados ao meio ambiente. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a redução de corante preto disperso, com o emprego de cinco agentes redutores em diferentes concentrações, ao final do processo de tingimento de fios de poliéster. Também foi avaliada a solidez a luz, lavagem e fricção dos substratos tingidos. Um levantamento de custo, periculosidade e impactos ambientais foi realizado com o objetivo de identificar qual redutor promove maior eficiência no processo redutivo. Observou-se que o redutor com base química ácido hipofosforoso modificado, foi o redutor que apresentou menor custo de processo redutivo. Para as análises de qualidade o redutor que apresentou melhor solidez nos ensaios de solidez à lavagem, fricção e à luz foi o redutor hidrossulfito de sódio. O redutor com base química de ácido de sal sódico foi o redutor que apresentou menor impacto ambiental, e menor grau de periculosidade. Verificou-se que a melhor alternativa para um processo industrial seria o redutor com base química ácido de sal sódico.The textile processes employs a large amount of dyes for the intense colors, which should be thoroughly washed at the end of the process for the products presented with adequate solidity. An alternative to the large number of washes is the process of reducing these residual dyes, where studies seek alternatives to improve these reductive processes. The dyeing and finishing processes of textile substrates are directly associated to the high consumption of chemicals and water for their production. Today, with an increasingly competitive market, but at the same time clamoring for protection of the environment, increasingly scarce natural resources, a textile sector plays an important role in consuming initiatives and seeking alternatives in optimizing spending without losing productive capacity, and damage to the environment. This work aimed to evaluate the reduction of the black dispersion level, using five reducing agents in different filters, and at the end of the polyester yarn dyeing process. Light fastness, washing and friction of dyed substrates were also evaluated. A survey of cost, hazardousness and environmental impacts was conducted with the objective of identifying which reducer promotes greater efficiency in the reductive process. It was observed that the reducer based on chemical acid was modified it was the reducer that presented the lowest cost of the reductive process. For the quality or reducer analyzes, which show better solidity in the wash, friction and light fastness tests were sodium hydrosulfite reducer. The chemical based reducer of saline acid was the reducer with the lowest environmental impact and the lowest degree of hazard. It was found that the best alternative for an industrial or reducing process based on sodium salic acid

Migration Frustrations of miR-146a Regulation

The autoimmune disease, Sjögren’s Syndrome (SS), causes the degradation of salivary and lacrimal glands due to an influx of immune cells. In previous studies, a significant increase in miR-146a was observed in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of SS patients. Since immune cell infiltration is critical in SS pathogenesis, the following research examines the effect of miR-146a on cell migration. We hypothesize that transfecting THP-1 human monocytes with synthetic miR-146a will downregulate migration of the monocytes based on other studies stating that miR-146a downregulates migration in vivo. In order to execute our experiment, we transfected THP-1 cells with synthetic miR-146a and incubated the monocytes for 3 days. In the migration assay, the cells were transferred to a semipermeable membrane and MCP-1 was introduced as a chemoattractant. qPCR was also used to confirm the success of the transfection. When compared to mock-transfected and negative control cells, a significant increase of migration was observed in the THP-1 transfected cells (p value = 0.002 and 0.01, respectively). The qPCR also revealed an upregulation of miR-146a expression. In previous studies miR-146a directly inhibited TRAF6. Considering this evidence, we decided to knockdown TRAF6 with siRNA to observe the migrational effect. Our preliminary data shows that knockdown of TRAF6 decreases migration. Further experimentation must be conducted in order to ascertain the signaling pathway of miR-146a in migration, since it appears that miR-146a does not affect migration through TRAF6. Our data suggests that the original hypothesis was incorrect and that miR-146a stimulates migration of THP-1 cells through an undetermined mechanism

VLA Imaging of H i-bearing Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies from the ALFALFA Survey

Ultra-diffuse galaxies have generated significant interest due to their large optical extents and low optical surface brightnesses, which challenge galaxy formation models. Here we present resolved synthesis observations of 12 H i-bearing ultra-diffuse galaxies (HUDs) from the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA), as well as deep optical imaging from the WIYN 3.5-meter telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory. We present the data processing and images, including total intensity H i maps and H i velocity fields. The HUDs show ordered gas distributions and evidence of rotation, important prerequisites for the detailed kinematic models in Mancera Pi˜na et al. (2019b). We compare the H i and stellar alignment and extent, and find the H i extends beyond the already extended stellar component and that the H i disk is often misaligned with respect to the stellar one, emphasizing the importance of caution when approaching inclination measurements for these extreme sources. We explore the H i mass-diameter scaling relation, and find that although the HUDs have diffuse stellar populations, they fall along the relation, with typical global H i surface densities. This resolved sample forms an important basis for more detailed study of the H i distribution in this extreme extragalactic population

VLA Imaging of H I-bearing Ultra-diffuse Galaxies from the ALFALFA Survey

Ultra-diffuse galaxies have generated significant interest due to their large optical extents and low optical surface brightnesses, which challenge galaxy formation models. Here we present resolved synthesis observations of 12 H i-bearing ultra-diffuse galaxies (HUDs) from the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA), as well as deep optical imaging from the WIYN 3.5-meter telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory. We present the data processing and images, including total intensity H i maps and H i velocity fields. The HUDs show ordered gas distributions and evidence of rotation, important prerequisites for the detailed kinematic models in Mancera Pi˜na et al. (2019b). We compare the H i and stellar alignment and extent, and find the H i extends beyond the already extended stellar component and that the H i disk is often misaligned with respect to the stellar one, emphasizing the importance of caution when approaching inclination measurements for these extreme sources. We explore the H i mass-diameter scaling relation, and find that although the HUDs have diffuse stellar populations, they fall along the relation, with typical global H i surface densities. This resolved sample forms an important basis for more detailed study of the H i distribution in this extreme extragalactic population

Meta-analysis Reveals Genome-Wide Significance at 15q13 for Nonsyndromic Clefting of Both the Lip and the Palate, and Functional Analyses Implicate GREM1 As a Plausible Causative Gene

Nonsyndromic orofacial clefts are common birth defects with multifactorial etiology. The most common type is cleft lip, which occurs with or without cleft palate (nsCLP and nsCLO, respectively). Although genetic components play an important role in nsCLP, the genetic factors that predispose to palate involvement are largely unknown. In this study, we carried out a meta-analysis on genetic and clinical data from three large cohorts and identified strong association between a region on chromosome 15q13 and nsCLP (P = 8.13×10−14 for rs1258763; relative risk (RR): 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32–1.61)) but not nsCLO (P = 0.27; RR: 1.09 (0.94–1.27)). The 5 kb region of strongest association maps downstream of Gremlin-1 (GREM1), which encodes a secreted antagonist of the BMP4 pathway. We show during mouse embryogenesis, Grem1 is expressed in the developing lip and soft palate but not in the hard palate. This is consistent with genotype-phenotype correlations between rs1258763 and a specific nsCLP subphenotype, since a more than two-fold increase in risk was observed in patients displaying clefts of both the lip and soft palate but who had an intact hard palate (RR: 3.76, CI: 1.47–9.61, Pdiff<0.05). While we did not find lip or palate defects in Grem1-deficient mice, wild type embryonic palatal shelves developed divergent shapes when cultured in the presence of ectopic Grem1 protein (P = 0.0014). The present study identified a non-coding region at 15q13 as the second, genome-wide significant locus specific for nsCLP, after 13q31. Moreover, our data suggest that the closely located GREM1 gene contributes to a rare clinical nsCLP entity. This entity specifically involves abnormalities of the lip and soft palate, which develop at different time-points and in separate anatomical regions.Clefts of the lip and palate are common birth defects, and require long-term multidisciplinary management. Their etiology involves genetic factors and environmental influences and/or a combination of both, however, these interactions are poorly defined. Moreover, although clefts of the lip may or may not involve the palate, the determinants predisposing to specific subphenotypes are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that variations in the non-coding region near the GREM1 gene show a highly significant association with a particular phenotype in which cleft lip and cleft palate co-occ

Meta-analysis Reveals Genome-Wide Significance at 15q13 for Nonsyndromic Clefting of Both the Lip and the Palate, and Functional Analyses Implicate GREM1 As a Plausible Causative Gene

Nonsyndromic orofacial clefts are common birth defects with multifactorial etiology. The most common type is cleft lip, which occurs with or without cleft palate (nsCLP and nsCLO, respectively). Although genetic components play an important role in nsCLP, the genetic factors that predispose to palate involvement are largely unknown. In this study, we carried out a meta-analysis on genetic and clinical data from three large cohorts and identified strong association between a region on chromosome 15q13 and nsCLP (P = 8.13×10−14 for rs1258763; relative risk (RR): 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32–1.61)) but not nsCLO (P = 0.27; RR: 1.09 (0.94–1.27)). The 5 kb region of strongest association maps downstream of Gremlin-1 (GREM1), which encodes a secreted antagonist of the BMP4 pathway. We show during mouse embryogenesis, Grem1 is expressed in the developing lip and soft palate but not in the hard palate. This is consistent with genotype-phenotype correlations between rs1258763 and a specific nsCLP subphenotype, since a more than two-fold increase in risk was observed in patients displaying clefts of both the lip and soft palate but who had an intact hard palate (RR: 3.76, CI: 1.47–9.61, Pdiff<0.05). While we did not find lip or palate defects in Grem1-deficient mice, wild type embryonic palatal shelves developed divergent shapes when cultured in the presence of ectopic Grem1 protein (P = 0.0014). The present study identified a non-coding region at 15q13 as the second, genome-wide significant locus specific for nsCLP, after 13q31. Moreover, our data suggest that the closely located GREM1 gene contributes to a rare clinical nsCLP entity. This entity specifically involves abnormalities of the lip and soft palate, which develop at different time-points and in separate anatomical regions

Health Benefits of Nut Consumption

Nuts (tree nuts and peanuts) are nutrient dense foods with complex matrices rich in unsaturated fatty and other bioactive compounds: high-quality vegetable protein, fiber, minerals, tocopherols, phytosterols, and phenolic compounds. By virtue of their unique composition, nuts are likely to beneficially impact health outcomes. Epidemiologic studies have associated nut consumption with a reduced incidence of coronary heart disease and gallstones in both genders and diabetes in women. Limited evidence also suggests beneficial effects on hypertension, cancer, and inflammation. Interventional studies consistently show that nut intake has a cholesterol-lowering effect, even in the context of healthy diets, and there is emerging evidence of beneficial effects on oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular reactivity. Blood pressure, visceral adiposity and the metabolic syndrome also appear to be positively influenced by nut consumption. Thus it is clear that nuts have a beneficial impact on many cardiovascular risk factors. Contrary to expectations, epidemiologic studies and clinical trials suggest that regular nut consumption is unlikely to contribute to obesity and may even help in weight loss. Safety concerns are limited to the infrequent occurrence of nut allergy in children. In conclusion, nuts are nutrient rich foods with wide-ranging cardiovascular and metabolic benefits, which can be readily incorporated into healthy diets

Regulating E-Cigarettes: Why Policies Diverge

This paper, part of a festschrift in honor of Professor Malcolm Feeley, explores the landscape of e-cigarette policy globally by looking at three jurisdictions that have taken starkly different approaches to regulating e-cigarettes—the US, Japan, and China. Each of those countries has a robust tobacco industry, government agencies entrusted with protecting public health, an active and sophisticated scientific and medical community, and a regulatory structure for managing new pharmaceutical, tobacco, and consumer products. All three are signatories of the World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, all are signatories of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, and all are members of the World Trade Organization. Which legal, economic, social and political differences between the three countries explain their diverse approaches to regulating e-cigarettes? Why have they embraced such dramatically different postures toward e-cigarettes? In seeking to answer those questions, the paper builds on Feeley\u27s legacy of comparative scholarship, policy analysis, and focus on law in action

Identification of regulatory variants associated with genetic susceptibility to meningococcal disease.

Non-coding genetic variants play an important role in driving susceptibility to complex diseases but their characterization remains challenging. Here, we employed a novel approach to interrogate the genetic risk of such polymorphisms in a more systematic way by targeting specific regulatory regions relevant for the phenotype studied. We applied this method to meningococcal disease susceptibility, using the DNA binding pattern of RELA - a NF-kB subunit, master regulator of the response to infection - under bacterial stimuli in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. We designed a custom panel to cover these RELA binding sites and used it for targeted sequencing in cases and controls. Variant calling and association analysis were performed followed by validation of candidate polymorphisms by genotyping in three independent cohorts. We identified two new polymorphisms, rs4823231 and rs11913168, showing signs of association with meningococcal disease susceptibility. In addition, using our genomic data as well as publicly available resources, we found evidences for these SNPs to have potential regulatory effects on ATXN10 and LIF genes respectively. The variants and related candidate genes are relevant for infectious diseases and may have important contribution for meningococcal disease pathology. Finally, we described a novel genetic association approach that could be applied to other phenotypes

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead