Phenotypic characterization of naturalized swine breeds in Brazil, Uruguay and Colombia

Foram colhidos dados morfométricos de 859 suínos naturalizados do Brasil (Piau, Tatu, Nilo, Caruncho, Casco de Burro, Moura, Monteiro e Rabo de Peixe), Colômbia (Criolla Zungo, Sanpedreño e Casco de Mula) e Uruguai (Mamellado) Dados sobre raça, sexo e idade foram coletados, assim como varias avaliações morfométricas. A análise de variância foi realizada utilizando-se o procedimento PROC GLM do SAS sobre os dados morfométricos. Os coeficientes de variância oscilaram de 11,50 a 83,81% e o coeficiente de determinação foi de moderado a alto. As fêmeas foram em geral menores na maioria das avaliações em relação aos machos, indicando dimorfismo sexual. A Moura foi a raça naturalizada mais próxima das raças comerciais, seguida da Piau, enquanto a Monteiro apresentou-se mais distante. O dendograma obtido a partir de informações morfológicas apresentou divisão dentro de três grupos. A caracterização foi possível utilizando-se dados morfológicos e morfométricos.ABSTRACT: Morphometric data was collected on 859 naturalized swine in Brazil (Piau, Tatu, Nilo, Caruncho, Casco de Burro, Moura, Monteiro and Rabo de Peixe), Colombia (Criolla Zungo, Sanpedreño and Casco de Mula) and Uruguay (Mamellado), both on farm and in published material. Information was collected on breed, sex and age, as well as various morphometric measurements. Analysis of variance was carried out using PROC MIXED of SAS ® on phenotypic data. The coefficients of variance varied between 11.50 and 83.81%, and the coefficient of determination was medium to high. Females were in general smaller for most measurements than males, showing sexual dimorphism. The Moura was the closest naturalized breed to the commercial breeds, followed by the Piau, while the Monteiro was the furtherest. The dendrogram obtained from morphological information showed a division of the pigs into three groups. Characterization was possible using morphological and morphometric data

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure &lt; 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt; 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Monitoramento das paisagens de Paragominas: uma abordagem geossistêmica

In the Amazon, to monitor and predict land use dynamics, do not occur simply. The occupation in this region, starting from the opening of the BR-010 hayway and based on deforestation and insertion of pastures for cattle rearing, did not provide this productivity gradient as in other parts of the country. A great example is Paragominas/Pará held at the time the logging as the main economic activity, the city experienced a paradigm shift in 2008, the result of a joint action between civil society, private capital and public institutions, managed to recycle and restructure its economy more sustainable activities. Despite progress, much can still be done for better productivity and proper use of natural resources in the territory. Thus, it is understood that the territory is the space where decisions and where politics materializes are taken, with direct influence on the management of natural resources. Therefore, it’s important to identify the elements of the landscape, including the geomorphology, which stands for determining other elements, such as vegetation, soil, fauna, etc.). Thus, considering the theoretical basis and the GIS as a support, it was mounted one geographic database with primary information, secondary and adapted secondary data. This base was inserted into a cell grid system for analysis. From this grid it was possible to distinguish twelve geofacies to Paragominas. From them, it assesses that in the municipality of Paragominas, in most cases, have forest areas with 10,788.74 square kilometers (55.78%) and when it comes to land use, pastures totaling 2789.11 square kilometers (14.47%). Regarding the rate stability, forests stand out with the highest percentage, about 70%, land uses the present intermediate values ​​(50%) and the Low and High “Capoeiras Baixa e Alta” have the lowest levels of stability (15%). As the dynamics of the evolution of land use in geofacies, livestock is the activity that most deforested the forest in Paragominas, with deforestation rates ranging from 5% to 15% of each geofacie. Agriculture in class, the dynamic occurs in the conversion of grasslands for planting beans, with values ​​strongly concentrated in the areas of Plateaus, with conversion rates ranging from 8% to 25%. As for forest regeneration processes, geofacies Depression, Plains and Valleys have higher rates of these geofacies between 5% and 20%. In contrast, classes more forest regeneration showed no patterns among geofacies. In an overview, the study showed that the insertion occurred dynamics of mechanized agriculture next to highways and livestock is still deforesting vector in the municipality. Already the Forest Plantation this consolidation process in the region and is not very representative area. With the database was possible to define the limits of geofacies and from them verify the dynamics of using existing land in Paragominas, reflecting the same land use dynamics (agricultural transition, deforestation, forest degradation, among others) that are occurring in the Amazon.Na Amazônia, monitorar e prever dinâmicas de uso da terra, não ocorrem de maneira simples; a ocupação nessa região, iniciada a partir da abertura da BR-010 é baseada no desmatamento e inserção de pastagens para criação bovina, não proporcionou este gradiente de produtividade como em outras partes do país. Um grande exemplo é Paragominas/Pará, que mantinha na época a exploração florestal como principal atividade econômica. O município vivenciou a mudança de paradigma em 2008, fruto de uma ação conjunta entre sociedade civil, capital privado e instituições públicas; conseguiu se reciclar e reestruturar sua economia com atividades mais sustentáveis. Apesar do avanço, muito ainda pode ser feito para obter melhores produtividades e uso adequado dos recursos naturais no território. Dessa forma, entende-se que o território é o espaço onde são tomadas as decisões e onde a política se materializa, tendo influência direta sobre a gestão dos recursos naturais. Para isso, é importante identificar os elementos que compõem a paisagem, dentre eles a geomorfologia que se destaca por determinar os demais elementos, tais como: vegetação, solo, fauna, etc. Assim, considerando a base teórica e os SIGs como suporte, montou-se uma base de dados geográficos com informações primárias, secundárias e dados secundários adaptados. Esta base foi inserida em um sistema de grade celulares para as análises. A partir desta grade foi possível distinguir doze geofácies para Paragominas. A partir delas, afere-se que para o município de Paragominas, em sua maioria, apresentam áreas de Floresta com 10.788,74 km² (55,78%) e quando se trata de uso da terra, as pastagens somam 2.789,11 km² (14,47). No que concerne à taxa de estabilidade, as florestas se destacam com o maior percentual, cerca de 70%; os usos da terra apresentam valores intermediários (50%) e as Capoeiras Baixa e Alta apresentam os menores índices de estabilidade (15%). Quanto à dinâmica de evolução do uso da terra nas geofácies, a pecuária é a atividade que mais desmatou a floresta em Paragominas, com taxas de desmatamento que variam de 5% até 15% de cada geofácie. Na classe Agricultura, a dinâmica ocorre na conversão de pastagens para plantio de grãos, com valores fortemente concentrados nas áreas de Platôs, com taxas de conversão variando de 8% até 25%. Quanto a processos de regeneração de floresta, as geofácies de Depressão, Planícies e Vales apresentam maiores taxas dessas geofácies, entre 5% e 20%. Em contrapartida, as classes com maior regeneração florestal não apresentaram padrões entre as geofácies. Em uma análise geral, o estudo demonstrou que ocorreram as dinâmicas de inserção da agricultura mecanizada próximas às rodovias e que a pecuária ainda é vetor de desmatamento no município. Já a Plantação Florestal está em processo de consolidação na região e não é muito representativo em área. Com a base de dados foi possível definir os limites das geofácies e a partir delas verificar a dinâmica do uso da terra existente em Paragominas, reflexo das mesmas dinâmicas de uso da terra (transição agrícola, desmatamento, degradação florestal, dentre outras) que estão ocorrendo na Amazônia

Soil texture derived from topography in North-eastern Amazonia

International audienceWe present a 1:100,000 scale soil texture map of the Paragominas county (Pará, Brazil), covering 19,330 km². The method allows rapid production of a soil texture map of a large area where the strength of a duricrust controls the relief. It is based on an easily accessible explanatory variable, topography, which is represented by a Digital Elevation Model. The method makes it possible to map the spatial distribution of the texture of the topsoil layer. Modelling was complemented by field observations to identify the laws governing the spatial organisation of soil textures. The spatial variability of the elevation above sea level of the duricrust was obtained by Kriging. The error rate of the resulting map is 26%, and the observations of the four soil texture units were respectively 78%, 90%, 41% and 60% accurately located

Avaliação de Áreas com Restrição Legal de Uso do Solo em Arranjos Espaciais Distintos de Ocupação das Terras no Nordeste do Estado do Pará

O artigo analisa o uso e ocupação do solo de dois diferentes tipos de propriedades (comuns e privadas), localizados no Nordeste do Estado do Pará, Brasil, que constitui a zona mais antiga de ocupação na região amazônica. Devido a essas peculiaridades, tem, conseqüentemente, mais perturbado áreas, que demandam estudos para mitigar os impactos ambientais. A fim de realizar a análise espacial, foi utilizada ferramenta GIS, ArcGIS e softwares SPRING. Além disso, a imagem de satélite SPOT 5 foi utilizado para analisar o uso e ocupação do solo, assim como a confecção de mapas de restrição legal de uso da terra. Para esta análise, a nova resolução sobre Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP, área jurídica brasileira que inclui proteção da integridade ambiental das fronteiras fluviais) e Reserva Legal (ARL), ambos presentes no novo Código Florestal (CF). Verificou-se que os resultados de Áreas de Preservação Permanente e Reservas Legais ficaram aquém do previsto e, portanto, que, apesar de ser de diferentes tipos de propriedade, nenhum deles atingiu o montante estabelecido pelas áreas CF para anotação de restrição de uso. No entanto, são necessárias medidas específicas para cada tipo de imóvel, respeitando suas particularidades, com ações voltadas para a preservação e, portanto, respeitar as regras do CF em vigor.Pages: 7305-731

Análise da vulnerabilidade natural dos solos à erosão como subsídio ao planejamento territorial em área da microbacia do igarapé Peripindeua, Nordeste Paraense

Development of the Amazon mainly based on large cattle ranches has changed landscapes promoting environmental impacts in critical areas, such as those regarding to consolidated occupation in the state of Pará, Brazil. The evaluation of this problem includes the use of methodologies as a few geotechnology tools which have also been valuable in the analysis related to land use changes in these impacted areas. In order to perform spatial analysis of vulnerability to soil erosion and land planning in the Piripindeua stream watershed, northeastern Pará, we employed an approach that emphasizes the use of geotechnologies. In doing so we considered the following environmental units that affect the fragility of the soil: land use and land cover, soil, geology, geomorphology and rainfall. Our results showed that most of the study area is framed as moderately stable to the erosive processes, whereas the most vulnerable areas represent upland portions of the watershed, which are less representative of the landscape. Considering these results, it was created a derivative product to be used for the desired territorial planning from combining the vulnerability to soil erosion map with the use and land cover map. Therefore, it was confirmed the effectiveness of geotechnologies approach as a tool for generating predictions of environmental impacts in the Amazon.Pages: 4783-479

Soil texture derived from topography in North-eastern Amazonia

<p>We present a 1:100,000 scale soil texture map of Paragominas county (Pará, Brazil), covering 19,330 km². The method allows rapid production of a soil texture map of a large area where the strength of a duricrust controls the relief. It is based on an easily accessible explanatory variable, topography, which is represented using a Digital Elevation Model. The method makes it possible to map the spatial distribution of the texture of the topsoil layer. Modelling was complemented by field observations to identify the laws governing the spatial organisation of soil textures. The spatial variability of the elevation above sea-level of the duricrust was obtained by Kriging. The error rate of the resulting map is 26%, and the observations of the four soil texture units were respectively 78%, 90%, 41% and 60% accurately located.</p

Paysage et intensification de l’élevage en Amazonie brésilienne : De nouvelles dynamiques spatio-temporelles à l’échelle des exploitations agricoles

In the Brazilian Amazon, extensive cattle ranching expansion has been the main driver of deforestation since the last four decades and led to large extent of degraded lands. Great expectations have been placed in land use intensification through the restoration of degraded pastures, improving livestock performance and conserving forest. Despite such environmental challenges, the process of intensification at farm scale is poorly understood, especially in spatial terms. In this study, we produce knowledge about cattle ranchers’ decisions regarding land-use intensification, within a landscape approach and farm trajectories framework. The landscape, conceptualized as a spatially agroecosystem, enables to analyze the interactions between cattle ranchers’ decisions and spatially distributed natural resources, while the study of trajectories (sequence of farm’s phases) aims at understanding farm’s long-term socio-technical changes and the links with landscape dynamic. We used semi-structured and retrospective interviews as well as complex graphic model to analyze diachronically spatial logics of land-use intensification in six cattle farms, in old frontiers. Our results show that cattle ranchers, in their large diversity, have different strategies regarding land-use intensification, aimed at optimizing the use of natural resources spatially. Pastureland intensification is not spatially uniform, leading to less uniform landscape patterns than during agricultural expansion. This dynamic is more complex and efficient than restoring degraded pasture. We recommend the implementation of policies that promote the transition towards eco-efficient practices and to plan the spatial organization of intensified pasture and secondary forest regeneration to enable better use of natural resources in livestock systems in the Brazilian Amazon