Penerapan Pasal 29 Undang-undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 Tentang Jaminan Fidusia Mengenai Eksekusi Objek Jaminan Kendaraan Bermotor (Studi di PT. Smart Multi Finance Cabang Malang)

Pada skripsi ini, penulis mengangkat permasalahan hukum dalam hal Penerapan Pasal 29 Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 tentang Jaminan Fidusia Mengenai Eksekusi Objek Jaminan Kendaraan Bermotor Roda Dua di PT. Smart Multi Finance Cabang Malang. Pemilihan penelitian ini berdasarkan hasil temuan penulis saat melakukan pra survey di PT. Smart Multi Finance Cabang Malang yang dimana terdapat permasalahan yang bersangkutan dengan pelaksanaan eksekusi objek jaminan. Pelaksanaan eksekusi objek jaminan di PT. Smart Multi Finance Cabang Malang tidak semudah dengan apa yang diatur dalam peraturan Perundang-undangan, hal tersebut dikarenakan banyak debitor yang melakukan perbuatan-perbuatan yang dilarang dalam perjanjian pembiayaan konsumen di PT. Smart Multi Finance Cabang Malang. Dengan banyaknya debitor yang melanggar perjanjian pembiayaan konsumen ini secara langsung sangat menyulitkan pihak kreditor yaitu PT. Smart Multi Finance Cabang Malang dalam melaksanakan eksekusi objek jaminan sesuai dengan Pasal 29 Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 tentang Jaminan Fidusia. Dengan adanya kesulitan-kesulitan yang dihadapi oleh PT. Smart Multi Finance Cabang Malang dalam melaksanakan eksekusi objek jaminan maka penulis tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian ini dengan tujuan mengetahui bagaimana proses penerapan Pasal 29 Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 tentang Jaminan Fidusia yang dilakukan oleh PT. Smart Multi Finance Cabang Malang.Kata Kunci: Jaminan Fidusia, PT. Smart Multi Finance Cabang Malang, Eksekusi Objek Jaminan, Pasal 29 Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 tentang Jaminan Fidusia

PENGARUH BUKAAN SUDU PENGARAH TERHADAP KERUGIAN HEAD DAN PERFORMANSI TURBIN FRANCIS VERTIKAL

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air masih menjadi tumpuan utama pembangkitan energi listrik di dunia khususnya Indonesia.Data pada tahun 2006 menunjukan bahwa hampir 20% kebutuhan listrik dunia berasal dari PLTA atau sekitar 88% sumber energi terbarukan berasal dari pemanfaatan tenaga air. Ján Andrej Segner mengembangkan turbin air reaksi pada pertengahan tahun 1700. Turbin ini mempunyai sumbu horizontal dan merupakan awal mula dari turbin air modern. Hingga pada tahun 1849, James B. Francis meningkatkan efisiensi turbin reaksi hingga lebih dari 90%. Dia memberikan test yang memuaskan dan mengembangkan metode keteknikan untuk desain turbin air. Turbin Francis dinamakan sesuai dengan namanya, yang merupakan turbin air modern pertama dengan efisiensi lebih dari 90 %.Oleh karena itu dalam pengoperasiannya Turbin Francis harus optimal. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini yaitu membahas pengaruh bukaan sudu pengarah terhadap kerugian head dan performansi Turbin Francis. Kerugian head dihitung menggunakan rumus dan besarnya kerugian head pada instalasi turbin dianalisa dengan menggunakan software Pipe Flow Expert untuk mendapatkan ralat perhitungan. Kemudian dihitung daya dan efisiensi turbin Francis Besarnya nilai kerugian head akan semakin besar seiring dengan bukaan sudu pengarah. Kerugian head terkecil yaitu 0,229 m kemudian akan terus naik hingga bukaan maksimum 195 mm besarnya kerugian head mencapai 20,1375 m. Efisiensi turbin Francis akan terus naik seiring bukaan sudu pengarah akan tetapi pada bukaan 195 mm efisiensi turun pada titik 90,4 %. Sehingga didapat bahwa bukaan sudu pengarah yang menghasilkan efisiensi maksimum yaitu pada bukaan 160, 5 mm yaitu sebesar 98 %

PENGARUH BUKAAN SUDU PENGARAH TERHADAP TINGKAT KAVITASI DI SISI MASUK PIPA ISAP TURBIN FRANCIS VERTIKAL

Kavitasi yaitu proses terbentuknya gelembung-gelembung air pada turbin karena tekanan air pada turbin turun menjadi tekanan uap jenuh yang menyebabkan getaran, pengikisan, dan penurunan efisiensi. Fenomena kavitasi tersebut dapat diprediksi dan dihindari dengan menghitung besar tingkat kavitasi turbin yang berasal dari hasil perbandingan nilai angka Thoma aktual dan kritis. Tingkat kavitasi yang diteliti yaitu pada Sisi Masuk Pipa Isap (Draft Tube) di Turbin Francis Vertikal Unit 3 PLTA Siguragura P.T. Inalum (Persero). Tingkat kavitasi sebagai variabel terikat diteliti pengaruhnya dengan bukaan sudu pengarah (Guide Vane Opening/GVO) sebagai variabel bebas pada penelitian ini. Besar GVO yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini ada sembilan variasi yaitu sebesar 19,5 mm; 78 mm; 102 mm; 129,5 mm; 136 mm; 143 mm; 150 mm; 160,5 mm; dan 195 mm. Berdasarkan penelitian ini diperoleh nilai tingkat kavitasi pada setiap GVO. Tingkat kavitasi diperoleh melalui 2 metode yaitu metode perhitungan dan simulasi. Berdasarkan metode perhitungan diperoleh tingkat kavitasi terbesar pada penelitian ini yaitu sebesar 0,9743 pada GVO sebesar 195 mm, tingkat kavitasi terkecil yaitu sebesar 0,8099 pada GVO sebesar 102 mm; sedangkan pada metode simulasi diperoleh tingkat kavitasi terbesar yaitu sebesar 0,9734 pada GVO 195 mm dan tingkat kavitasi terkecilnya yaitu sebesar 0,8090 pada GVO 102 mm. Sisi masuk pipa isap tersebut mengalami kavitasi apabila tingkat kavitasinya melebihi nilai 1 atau nilai angka Thoma aktual lebih besar dari nilai angka Thoma kritis. Kavitasi tidak terjadi pada sisi masuk pipa isap apabila tingkat kavitasinya kurang dari nilai 1 atau nilai angka Thoma aktual lebih kecil dari nilai angka Thoma kritis. Jadi, besar GVO yang terbaik untuk menghindari kavitasi di Sisi MasukPipa Isap Turbin Francis Vertikal Unit 3 PLTA Siguragura, yaitu sebesar 102 mm karena memiliki tingkat kavitasi terkecil; sedangkan besar GVO yang dihindari dan paling rentan terkena kavitasi yaitu sebesar 195 mm karena memiliki tingkat kavitasi terbesar

KAJIAN STUDI PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN BLOWER ELEKTRIK TERHADAP PERFORMANSI MESIN OTTO EFI KAPASITAS 125 CC DENGAN BAKAR CAMPURAN PREMIUM - ETANOL

Ketergantungan masyarakat terhadap bahan bakar minyak sangat tinggi. Pemanfaatan energi alternatif sebagai campuran bahan bakar merupakan hal yang tepat untuk menghemat penggunaan minyak. Krisis energi ini menyebabkan manusia harus beralih untuk lebih mengintensifkan penelitian dan penggunaan energi yang tidak terbarukan ke energi yang terbarukan dan juga berbagai macam peningkatan efisiensi untuk motor bakar, salah satunya dengan menambahkan alat seperti penggunaan turbocharger dan supercharger guna meningkatkan efisiensi motor bakar tersebut. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan pengujian terhadap performansi mesin supaya mengetahui dampak dari penggunaan alat ini. Pengujian ini menggunakan bahan bakar premium yang dicampur dengan etanol dengan perbandingan campuran 90% premium dan 10 % etanol dengan menggunakan blower elektrik sebagai pengganti supercharger pada mesin honda supra x125 EFI. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa pengaruh pengunaan blower elektrik sebagai pengganti supercharger yang digunakan pada mesin otto honda supra-X 125 EFI dengan bahan bakar campuran 90% premium dan 10% etanol dapat meningkatkan performansi mesin sebesar 12,48 %

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Kampung Maribu, Distrik Sentani Barat, Kabupaten Jayapura, Papua Melalui Pembuatan Media Tanam Hidroponik

Sebagai media tanam pengganti tanah, hirdoponik digunakan untuk membudidayakan tanaman dengan memanfaatkan air yang telah dilarutkan dengan nutrisi yang dibutuhkan oleh tanaman tersebut. Hidroponik dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu cara alternatif bagi daerah yang memiliki masalah keterbatasan lahan pertanian, tingkat kesuburan tanah yang rendah, dan wilayah padat penduduk. Dalam kegiatan pelatihan ini dilakukan budidaya tanaman menggunakan media self-watering. Selain media tanam hidroponik, pelatihan juga mengajarkan cara menanam selada. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di Kantor Kampung Maribu. Kegiatan pengenalan metode hidroponik bagi masyarakat Kampung Maribu sudah berjalan dengan baik. Peserta dari Kampung Maribu menyambut positif kegiatan ini terlihat dari antusiasme yang sangat tinggi

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background: There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low-and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods: Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results: Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion: For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe