The interruption of prescription without the need of formally notifying the defendant about the lawsuit in time. Change of opinion of the Supreme Court

El documento contiene un comentario de sentencia dela Corte Suprema a propósito de la interrupción de la prescripciónsin necesidad de que la notificación se realice dentro del plazointerruptivo. Posterior a la explicación de los hechos, se analizaráde forma crítica la solución propuesta por el Tribunal de Casación,por los abusos que puede generar y las omisiones que contienela sentencia, para finalmente concluir que no es la mejor decisiónjurisprudencial.The paper analyzes the decision of the Chilean SupremeCourt which declared that the interruption of the period of prescriptionworks out without the need of formally notifying the defendantabout the lawsuit. After describing the facts, the author criticizes theCourt’s decision due to the potential abuses it may bring out andfor the omissions made by the judges at the moment of preparingthe judgment. Finally, the paper concludes that the Court’s decisionassessed by this work is not one of the best due to the problemspreviously referred

INTROSPECCIÓN DE LA CULTURA URBANA Y LAS VISUALIDADES ONTOLÓGICAS DEL HIP HOP A TRAVÉS DE UNA CAMPAÑA COMUNICATIVA

INTROSPECTION OF URBAN CULTURE AND THE ONTOLOGICAL VISUALS OF HIP HOP THROUGH A COMMUNICATIVE CAMPAIGN RESUMEN En el presente trabajo investigativo hemos hecho un recorrido por diferentes puntos que enmarcan la comunicación publicitaria, como también el proceso de concientización de los jóvenes para incrementar el respeto hacia la cultura urbana hip hop, teniendo importancia el impacto que generan las imágenes y los mensajes mediante las campañas publicitarias como medio informativo con ideas genuinas. Así mismo con los elementos pertenecientes a la cultura urbana hip hop y sus efectos positivos que generan como aporte cultural urbano a la sociedad. PALABRAS CLAVE: Comunicación publicitaria; cultura urbana; cultura Hip Hop; campaña comunicativa. ABSTRACT In this research work we have made a tour of different points that frame advertising communication, as well as the process of awareness of young people to increase respect for hip hop urban culture, having importance the impact generated by images and messages through advertising campaigns as an information medium with genuine ideas. Also with the elements belonging to hip hop urban culture and its positive effects that generate as an urban cultural contribution to society. KEYWORDS: Advertising communication; urban culture; Hip Hop culture; communicative campaign

Primary hydatid cyst of the pancreas

 AbstractHydatid cyst of the pancreas is a rare location of this disease. We study the case of a female patient with primary hydatid cyst of the pancreas coming from and endemic area and presenting pain and palpable tumor in epigastrium and right upper abdomen. The patient was studied with ultrasound scanning and CT scan in which it was interpreted as hydatid liver cyst. Pancreatic location was determined in surgery.Primary hydatid cyst of the pancreas must be taken into account as differential diagnosis with cystic lesions of the pancreas.    Resumen El quiste hidatídico de páncreas es una localización rara de esta enfermedad. Se estudia el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino con quiste hidatídico primario de páncreas, proveniente de una zona endémica con sintomatología de dolor y tumor palpable en epigastrio e hipocondrio derecho, fue estudiada con ecografía y tomografía en las cuales se lo interpretó como quiste hidatídico hepático, determinando la ubicación pancreática en el intraoperatorio. Se debe tener presente el quiste hidatídico primario de páncreas como diagnóstico diferencial con los tumores quísticos del páncreas.</p

MANEJO DE LA APENDICITIS AGUDA EN LAS EDADES EXTREMAS DE LA VIDA

La apendicitis aguda es la causa más frecuente de abdomen agudo en todas las edades. Es la inflamación aguda del apéndice cecal o vermiforme, debido a varias causas. Esta afección, conocida desde la antigüedad, ocasiona una elevada morbimortalidad cuando se presenta en las edades extremas de la vida, dígase el paciente neonato o niño pequeño menor de 5 años y el paciente anciano o de la tercera edad. Ambos grupos de edades tienen sus características clínico-epidemiológicas específicas que requieren un manejo y tratamiento especializados. Por lo general, estos pacientes inician la apendicitis aguda de manera asintomática o con un cuadro clínico atípico que conlleva a errores diagnósticos, incluso por profesionales de experiencia, y es causa de graves complicaciones y una elevada morbimortalidad, a diferencia de lo que ocurre normalmente en los pacientes jóvenes y el niño mayor. Es por ello que resulta vital el conocimiento y manejo oportuno tanto de la familia como de los profesionales de la salud para lograr resultados satisfactorios.

Clasificación Automática de Transposasas

88 p.Las secuencias de inserción (IS) son los elementos genéticos móviles más simples que se conocen, de hasta 2 Kpb de extensión. Se caracterizan por tener en sus extremos secuencias repetidas invertidas involucradas en la transposición. Una IS contiene un gen que codifica para una Transposasa, proteína que ocupa la mayor extensión de la IS y es la principal responsable de la transposición. En 1998, Mahillon y Chandler clasificaron manualmente todas las IS que pudieron reunir en la época. Esta clasificación fue revisada en el 2002, que cuenta con cerca de 1000 elementos agrupados en 19 familias. Esta clasificación está públicamente disponible en la base de datos ISFinder. No obstante, este número de secuencias contrasta con el creciente número de Transposasas almacenadas en NCBI, cuyo total suma sobre 120.000 Transposasas no clasificadas en la base de datos no redundante (nr) de proteínas. Las bases de dato de proteínas, incluyendo las Transposasas aún están en etapa exponencial de crecimiento, doblando a cada 2 años. Esto deja en evidencia la necesidad de métodos de clasificación automáticos que permitan la identificación de la función de proteína a partir de su secuencia. El presente trabajo apunta a encontrar un método de clasificación automático que mejor reproduzca la clasificación manual realizada por Mahillon y Chandler. Proceso realizado en 4 importantes secciones: (1) Preprocesar datos, a partir de archivos fasta de secuencias de Trasnposasas. Se crean matrices de distancias para ser utilizadas como inputs por distintos algoritmos de clustering. (2) Desarrollar distintos clusterings por medio de los algoritmos: Blastclust, CD-HIT, K-means, MCL, SCPS y UPGMA. (3) Comparar clusterings de resultados por medio de Variación de la Información (VI). VI es un criterio de comparación que mide la cantidad de información perdida o ganada al comparar 2 clusterings. (4) Identificar el algoritmo que mejor reproduzca la clasificación manual y clasificar todas las proteínas anotadas como Transposasas en nr. A través de VI se identificó SCPS, como el algoritmo que mejor reproduce la clasificación manual. Permitiendo clasificar las Transposasas contenidas en nr, proceso que permite identificar características propias de cada grupo a las nuevas secuencias clasificadas, por ejemplo: patrones de secuencia y propiedades estructurales. Además, contribuye a mejorar la anotación de genomas y a entender los mecanismos de transposición de estas proteínas y de los elementos móviles en general./ABSTRACT: The Insertion Sequences (IS) are the simplest mobile genetic elements known. They happen mainly in prokaryotes and are about 2 Kbp in length. The ends of an IS has inverted repeated sequences that are involved in the transposition process. An IS encodes for a protein called Transposase, which takes most of the length of the IS and is the main responsible protein for the transposition. In 1998, Mahillon and Chandler classified all the ISs known in that time. That classification was reviewed in 2002 and counts with around 1000 ISs or Transposases grouped in 19 families. This classification is publicly available in the ISFinder database. This number contrasts with the growing number of Transposases sheltered by NCBI. The total sums over 120.000 unclassified Transposases in the non-redundant Protein database. The protein databases, including Transposases, are still in a exponential growth phase, doubling every two years. This leaves in evidence the need for automatic methods of classification and identification of the protein function from the sequence. This work aims to find an automatic method that best reproduces the classification criteria of Mahillon and Chandler for classification of Transposases. Process carried out in 4 major sections: (1) preprocess of data from fasta files of Trasnposasas sequences. Distance matrices are created to be used as inputs by different clustering algorithms. (2) Develop of different clusterings through algorithms: BLASTCLUST, CD-HIT, K-means, MCL, SCPS and UPGMA. (3) Compare of clusterings of results through Variation of Information (VI). (4) Identify the algorithm that best reproduce the manual sorting and classifying all proteins annotated as transposases in nr. VI identifies SCPS like the algorithm that best reproduces the manual classification of Transposases in nr. Through this process it is possible to identify characteristics of each group to the new classified sequences. For example, sequence patterns and structural properties. On the other hand it improves the genomes annotation and it helps to understand the transposition mechanisms of proteins and mobile elements in genera

Effects of capillary refill time-vs. lactate-targeted fluid resuscitation on regional, microcirculatory and hypoxia-related perfusion parameters in septic shock: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Persistent hyperlactatemia has been considered as a signal of tissue hypoperfusion in septic shock patients, but multiple non-hypoperfusion-related pathogenic mechanisms could be involved. Therefore, pursuing lactate normalization may lead to the risk of fuid overload. Peripheral perfusion, assessed by the capillary refll time (CRT), could be an efective alternative resuscitation target as recently demonstrated by the ANDROMEDA-SHOCK trial. We designed the present randomized controlled trial to address the impact of a CRT-targeted (CRT-T) vs. a lactate-targeted (LAC-T) fuid resuscitation strategy on fuid balances within 24 h of septic shock diagnosis. In addi‑ tion, we compared the efects of both strategies on organ dysfunction, regional and microcirculatory fow, and tissue hypoxia surrogates. Results: Forty-two fuid-responsive septic shock patients were randomized into CRT-T or LAC-T groups. Fluids were administered until target achievement during the 6 h intervention period, or until safety criteria were met. CRT-T was aimed at CRT normalization (≤3 s), whereas in LAC-T the goal was lactate normalization (≤2 mmol/L) or a 20% decrease every 2 h. Multimodal perfusion monitoring included sublingual microcirculatory assessment; plasma-disap‑ pearance rate of indocyanine green; muscle oxygen saturation; central venous-arterial pCO2 gradient/ arterial-venous O2 content diference ratio; and lactate/pyruvate ratio. There was no diference between CRT-T vs. LAC-T in 6 h-fuid boluses (875 [375–2625] vs. 1500 [1000–2000], p=0.3), or balances (982[249–2833] vs. 15,800 [740–6587, p=0.2]). CRT-T was associated with a higher achievement of the predefned perfusion target (62 vs. 24, p=0.03). No signifcant diferences in perfusion-related variables or hypoxia surrogates were observed. Conclusions: CRT-targeted fuid resuscitation was not superior to a lactate-targeted one on fuid administration or balances. However, it was associated with comparable efects on regional and microcirculatory fow parameters and hypoxia surrogates, and a faster achievement of the predefned resuscitation target. Our data suggest that stopping fuids in patients with CRT≤3 s appears as safe in terms of tissue perfusion

GJ 273: On the formation, dynamical evolution, and habitability of a planetary system hosted by an M dwarf at 3.75 parsec

Context. Planets orbiting low-mass stars such as M dwarfs are now considered a cornerstone in the search for life-harbouring planets. GJ 273 is a planetary system orbiting an M dwarf only 3.75 pc away, composed of two confirmed planets, GJ 273b and GJ 273c, and two promising candidates, GJ 273d and GJ 273e. Planet GJ 273b resides in the habitable zone. Currently, due to a lack of observed planetary transits, only the minimum masses of the planets are known: Mb sin ib=2.89 M⊕, Mc sin ic=1.18 M⊕, Md sin id=10.80 M⊕, and Me sin ie=9.30 M⊕. Despite being an interesting system, the GJ 273 planetary system is still poorly studied. Aims. We aim at precisely determine the physical parameters of the individual planets, in particular to break the mass–inclination degeneracy to accurately determine the mass of the planets. Moreover, we present thorough characterisation of planet GJ 273b in terms of its potential habitability. Methods. First, we explored the planetary formation and hydration phases of GJ 273 during the first 100 Myr. Secondly, we analysed the stability of the system by considering both the two- and four-planet configurations. We then performed a comparative analysis between GJ 273 and the Solar System, and searched for regions in GJ 273 which may harbour minor bodies in stable orbits, i.e. main asteroid belt and Kuiper belt analogues. Results. From our set of dynamical studies, we obtain that the four-planet configuration of the system allows us to break the mass– inclination degeneracy. From our modelling results, the masses of the planets are unveiled as: 2:89 ≤ Mb ≤ 3:03 M⊕, 1:18 ≤ Mc ≤ 1:24 M⊕, 10:80 ≤ Md ≤ 11:35 M⊕ and 9:30 ≤ Me ≤ 9:70 M⊕. These results point to a system likely composed of an Earth-mass planet, a super-Earth and two mini-Neptunes. From planetary formation models, we determine that GJ 273b was likely an efficient water captor while GJ 273c is probably a dry planet. We found that the system may have several stable regions where minor bodies might reside. Collectively, these results are used to comprehensively discuss the habitability of GJ 273bSpanish Ministry of Science and Education Ramón y Cajal programme ESP2017-87676-2-2 RYC-2012-09913CONICYT- FONDECYT/Chile Postdoctorado 3180405MIT’s Kavli Institut

A collaboratively derived environmental research agenda for Galapagos

Galápagos is one of the most pristine archipelagos in the world and its conservation relies upon research and sensible management. In recent decades both the interest in, and the needs of, the islands have increased, yet the funds and capacity for necessary research have remained limited. It has become, therefore, increasingly important to identify areas of priority research to assist decision-making in Galápagos conservation. This study identified 50 questions considered priorities for future research and management. The exercise involved the collaboration of policy makers, practitioners and researchers from more than 30 different organisations. Initially, 360 people were consulted to generate 781 questions. An established process of preworkshop voting and three rounds to reduce and reword the questions, followed by a two-day workshop, was used to produce the final 50 questions. The most common issues raised by this list of questions were human population growth, climate change and the impact of invasive alien species. These results have already been used by a range of organisations and politicians and are expected to provide the basis for future research on the islands so that its sustainability may be enhanced. </jats:p

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362