Factores de contexto que influyen en el nivel de comprensión lectora de los estudiantes. Institución Educativa La Libertad. Ancash, 2019

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar si los factores de contexto influyen en el nivel de compresión lectora de los estudiantes. Institución Educativa La Libertad. Ancash, 2019. La investigación fue de enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo aplicada, diseño no experimental descriptivo – explicativo transversal. La muestra fue 228 estudiantes del 3° grado de secundaria. Se utilizó una encuesta para variables factores de contexto y evaluación diagnóstica para medir nivel de comprensión lectora. Del análisis de datos se obtuvo los siguientes resultados; los estudiantes cuyos puntajes se ubican en el intervalo [44 - 49> presentaron una media 46,980 puntos; reflejando que los factores de contexto en los que se desarrollan son deficientes y estos mismos presentaron nivel de comprensión lectora bajo, al haber obtenido una media de 19,000 puntos ubicándose en el intervalo [4 – 19,333>. Por lo que se concluye que: Si el factor de contexto es deficiente en los estudiantes entonces el nivel de comprensión lectora es bajo. Los estudiantes cuyos puntajes ubicados en el intervalo [49 - 54 > presentaron una media 50,868 puntos; reflejan que los factores de contexto en los que se desarrollan es regular, y estos mismos presentaron un nivel de comprensión lectora medio, con una media de 22,503 puntos, ubicándose en el intervalo [19,333 - 34,667>. Por lo que se concluye que: Si el factor de contexto es regular en los estudiantes entonces el nivel de comprensión lectora es medio. Los estudiantes cuyos puntajes ubicados en el intervalo [54- 59] presentaron una media de 55,750 puntos; reflejan que los factores de contexto en los que se desarrollan es óptimo y estos mismos presentaron un nivel de comprensión lectora alto, al haber obtenido una media de 35,000 puntos que se ubica en el intervalo [34,667 - 50]. Por lo que se concluye que: Si el factor de contexto es óptimo en los estudiantes entonces el nivel de comprensión lectora es alto. Con estas evidencias se llega a la conclusión general que los factores de contexto influyen directamente en el nivel de compresión lectora de los estudiantes

RECYCLING OF WASTE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT AS A STRATEGIC LINE TANGENTIAL OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY

Strategic planning allows the analysis and design of probable decisions in the environment of Organizations. Technological change has generated a large amount of electronic waste (E-Waste). In the health not only affects people but the entire World. The methodological application of the circular economy in Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (R2AE2) is done by defining efficiency indicators through linearization. A recursive decision feedback scheduling strategy for a system of efficient power generation. The competitive advantage of the circular economy through R2AE2 allows to obtain high revenues while providing adequate management in the Reduce, Reuse and Recycle (3R) of waste to avoid contaminating the environment. The proposed methodology aims to obtain similar results when applying EC strategy in South- Southeast of Mexico

RECYCLING OF WASTE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT AS A STRATEGIC LINE TANGENTIAL OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY

Strategic planning allows the analysis and design of probable decisions in the environment of Organizations. Technological change has generated a large amount of electronic waste (E-Waste). In the health not only affects people but the entire World. The methodological application of the circular economy in Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (R2AE2) is done by defining efficiency indicators through linearization. A recursive decision feedback scheduling strategy for a system of efficient power generation. The competitive advantage of the circular economy through R2AE2 allows to obtain high revenues while providing adequate management in the Reduce, Reuse and Recycle (3R) of waste to avoid contaminating the environment. The proposed methodology aims to obtain similar results when applying EC strategy in South- Southeast of Mexico

Caracterización y mejoramiento de la harina de Cannavalia ensiformis como alimento balanceado para Oreochromis niloticus

Background. The legume Cannavalia ensiformis is an excellent source of energy, protein, vitamins and minerals to be used in animal production; however, it contains antinutritional factors (ANF), which limit its use for fishes. Goals. In this study 7 flours obtained from the processes of hydration, acid extraction, decorticating, cooking, germination, autoclaving and degreasing of the seeds of C. ensiformis were evaluated as means of elimination of ANF. Methods. The nutritional values of the meals were corroborated with proximal chemical analysis and in vitro digestibility, determining the degree of hydrolysis (GH%) of the flours of C. ensiformis obtained by pH STAT, the release of total amino acids (TAAL, μg mL-1) was calculated, using multienzymatic extracts of stomach and intestine of O.niloticus juveniles. Results. The acidic/alkaline GH values for cooked C. ensiformis flour were 0.76 ± 0.01% / 6.04 ± 0.37%, being significantly higher with respect to the other flours. The values of acidic/alkaline TAAL (mg mL-1) of this cooked flour (0.02 ± 0.006 / 0.40 ± 0.02) were significantly higher in the alkaline phase in relation to the other treatments. Conclusion. We detected that cooked meal of C. ensiformis, allow to be used as a source of protein in diets for Oreochromis niloticus.Antecedentes. La leguminosa Cannavalia ensiformis es una excelente fuente de energía, proteína, vitaminas y minerales para ser utilizada en la alimentación animal; sin embargo, contiene factores antinutricionales (FAN), que limitan su utilización en la alimentación de peces. Objetivo. En este estudio se evaluaron 7 harinas obtenidas de los procesos de hidratación, extracción acida, decorticado, cocción, germinado, autoclave y desgrasado de las semillas de C. ensiformis como medios de eliminación de FAN. Métodos. La calidad nutricional de las harinas fueron corroborados con análisis químicos proximales y digestibilidad in vitro, determinando el grado de hidrolisis (GH, %) de las harinas de C. ensiformis obtenidas mediante pH STAT, se calculó la liberación de aminoacidos totales (AALT, μg mL-1), utilizando extractos multienzimaticos de estómago e intestino de juveniles de O. niloticus. Resultados. Los valores de GH acido/alcalino para la harina de C. ensiformis cocida fue de 0.76 ± 0.01%/ 6.04 ± 0.37%, siendo significativamente mayor con respecto a las otras harinas. Los valores de AALT acido/alcalino (mg mL-1) de esta harina cocida (0.02 ± 0.006/ 0.40 ± 0.02) fueron significativamente mayores en la fase alcalina en relación a los otros tratamientos. Conclusión. Se detecto que la harina cocida de C. ensiformis, permite ser utilizada como fuente de proteína en dietas para Oreochromis niloticus

Language education policy and practice in East and Southeast Asia

East and Southeast Asia represents a linguistically and culturally diverse region. For example, more than 700 languages are spoken in Indonesia alone. It is against this backdrop of diversity that the ten countries that comprise Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) have recently signed the ASEAN Charter which, while calling for respect for the region's languages, cultures and religions also officially nominates English as ASEAN's working language. In this article, we examine the language education policies of the region and consider the implications of these policies for the maintenance of linguistic and cultural diversity on the one hand and the promotion of English and the respective national languages on the other. As ASEAN is closely connected to the three major countries of China, Japan and South Korea, as indicated by the ‘ASEAN + 3’ forum, we also include these countries here. We stress that, as space forbids an in-depth treatment of the language education policies of each of the 13 countries, we have chosen to describe and discuss in some depth the policies of 5 countries (China, Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines and Vietnam), as these provide a cross-section of language policy contexts and approaches in the region. We add brief notes on the policies of the remaining countries

Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.

BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Towards Efficient Spectral Converters through Materials Design for Luminescent Solar Devices.

Single-junction photovoltaic devices exhibit a bottleneck in their efficiency due to incomplete or inefficient harvesting of photons in the low- or high-energy regions of the solar spectrum. Spectral converters can be used to convert solar photons into energies that are more effectively captured by the photovoltaic device through a photoluminescence process. Here, recent advances in the fields of luminescent solar concentration, luminescent downshifting, and upconversion are discussed. The focus is specifically on the role that materials science has to play in overcoming barriers in the optical performance in all spectral converters and on their successful integration with both established (e.g., c-Si, GaAs) and emerging (perovskite, organic, dye-sensitized) cell types. Current challenges and emerging research directions, which need to be addressed for the development of next-generation luminescent solar devices, are also discussed.This work was supported by the Science Foundation Ireland under Grant No. 12/IP/1608

Biodiversity recovery of Neotropical secondary forests

Old-growth tropical forests harbor an immense diversity of tree species but are rapidly being cleared, while secondary forests that regrow on abandoned agricultural lands increase in extent. We assess how tree species richness and composition recover during secondary succession across gradients in environmental conditions and anthropogenic disturbance in an unprecedented multisite analysis for the Neotropics. Secondary forests recover remarkably fast in species richness but slowly in species composition. Secondary forests take a median time of five decades to recover the species richness of old-growth forest (80% recovery after 20 years) based on rarefaction analysis. Full recovery of species composition takes centuries (only 34% recovery after 20 years). A dual strategy that maintains both old-growth forests and species-rich secondary forests is therefore crucial for biodiversity conservation in human-modified tropical landscapes. Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved