Gestão e controlo de circulação de tráfegos rodoviário e ferroviário

Dissertação de natureza científica para obtenção do grau de mestre em Engenharia Civil na área de especialização Vias de Comunicação e TransportesO presente documento tem como principais objetivos a análise e avaliação da Gestão e Controlo de Circulação de Tráfego na Rede Rodoviária e na Rede Ferroviária em Portugal, (ambas geridas pela IP – Infraestruturas de Portugal), com especial atenção para esta última. Complementarmente, pretende-se a apresentação de propostas de melhoria na infraestrutura tendo em vista a sua otimização. Na Rede Rodoviária, embora de forma superficial, realizou-se uma análise do Centro de Comando Operacional, da Segurança na Circulação e das atividades de Conservação e Manutenção. Na Rede Ferroviária, dada a sua especificidade, o principal objetivo traduziu-se na abordagem da Gestão da Capacidade envolvendo as diversas etapas, designadamente o processo de Afetações de Tráfego, e as suas principais fases, nomeadamente os pedidos de Canais Horários e a elaboração do Projeto de Horário Técnico e na Gestão da Circulação, onde foram identificados os principais intervenientes e a sua estrutura funcional na IP, incluindo os CCO - Centros de Comando Operacionais que têm um papel fulcral na gestão da circulação de tráfego ferroviário e onde se encontram instaladas várias funções integradas num mesmo espaço, permitindo assim uma maior eficácia na circulação, como foi possível de observar em resultado de visita técnica ao CCO de Lisboa. Ainda na Rede Ferroviária, para além de aspetos ligados à Conservação e Manutenção, foram igualmente objeto de análise as componentes de Monitorização e Segurança da mesma, envolvendo Sistemas de Comunicação, Sinalização e Controlo de Velocidade. Para além de uma análise geral das principais caraterísticas físicas da Rede Ferroviária (nomeadamente tipologia de via, bitola, eletrificação, comprimento útil de linhas em estações de cruzamento e cargas por eixo), foi realizado uma análise mais detalhada das linhas do Minho, Leixões, Norte, Beira Alta, Beira Baixa, Leste, Oeste, Vendas Novas, Alentejo, Sul, Évora e Sines, sendo que estas linhas foram entendidas como importantes, dado que estas estão associadas a ligações a portos e terminais de mercadorias, à fronteira espanhola, ao transporte de mercadorias e ao fecho de “malha”. Finalmente, dadas as implicações em termos de complementaridade com a Rede Ferroviária e a necessidade de criação / otimização de interfaces (marítimos e rodoviários) com a ferrovia, procedeu-se ainda a uma breve caraterização dos principais portos e terminais de mercadorias, designadamente Sines, Setúbal, Lisboa, Figueira da Foz, Leixões e Aveiro e ao nível rodoviário: Darque, Tadim, Irivo, Leixões, Valongo, Cacia, Guarda, Mangualde, Fundão, Alfarelos, Entroncamento, Poceirão, Praias Sado, Vale da Rosa e Loulé.This document primary objective is to analyze and evaluate the management and control of traffic circulation of road and railroad networks in Portugal, (both managed by IP - Infraestruturas de Portugal), with special attention to the latter. It also pretends to present improvement proposals for the infrastructure bearing in mind its optimization. In the Road Network, a superficial analysis was done of the Operation Command Center of security in circulation and ways of maintenance and conservation. In the Railway Network, because of its specificity, the main goal was to approach the management of its capacity involving its different stages, namely the process of traffic affectations and its main phases, such has the channel requests and elaboration of the Technical Schedule Project, the management of circulation where the main stakeholders were identified and its functional structure in IP, including the CCO – Central Command Centers that have an important role on the management of railroad traffic and where several functions are integrated in a common space allowing for a better efficacy in circulation as observed in the technical visit to Lisbon CCO. Still on the Railway Network, besides aspects connected to the Maintenance and Conservation, components of Security and Monitorization were equally analyzed, involving Communication, Signaling and Speed Control systems. Besides the general analysis of the Railway Network physical characteristics (namely lane type, Gauge, electrification, useful lane length in crossing stations and load per axis) a more in depth analysis was made to the Lines of Minho, Leixões, Norte, Beira Alta, Beira Baixa, Leste, Oeste, Vendas Novas, Alentejo, Sul, Évora and Sines. These Lines were considered important taking into account that they represent connections to Ports, to the Spanish border, to Freight transport and to the “fecho de malha”. Finally, given the implications in terms of complementarity with the Railroad Network and the need to create/optimize connections with Road Networks and Port Networks, a brief characterization of the main Ports and Freight Terminals was made, more specifically, in a Port of Sines, Setúbal, Lisboa, Figueira da Foz, Leixões, Aveiro and in a Roads Terminal of Darque, Tadim, Irivo, Leixões, Valongo, Cacia, Guarda, Mangualde, Fundão, Alfarelos, Entroncamento, Poceirão, Praias Sado, Vale da Rosa and Loulé.N/

Functional analysis of recurrent CDC20 promoter variants in human melanoma

Small nucleotide variants in non-coding regions of the genome can alter transcriptional regulation, leading to changes in gene expression which can activate oncogenic gene regulatory networks. Melanoma is heavily burdened by non-coding variants, representing over 99% of total genetic variation, including the well-characterized TERT promoter mutation. However, the compendium of regulatory non-coding variants is likely still functionally under-characterized. We developed a pipeline to identify hotspots, i.e. recurrently mutated regions, in melanoma containing putatively functional non-coding somatic variants that are located within predicted melanoma-specific regulatory regions. We identified hundreds of statistically significant hotspots, including the hotspot containing the TERT promoter variants, and focused on a hotspot in the promoter of CDC20. We found that variants in the promoter of CDC20, which putatively disrupt an ETS motif, lead to lower transcriptional activity in reporter assays. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we generated an indel in the CDC20 promoter in human A375 melanoma cell lines and observed decreased expression of CDC20, changes in migration capabilities, increased growth of xenografts, and an altered transcriptional state previously associated with a more proliferative and less migratory state. Overall, our analysis prioritized several recurrent functional non-coding variants that, through downregulation of CDC20, led to perturbation of key melanoma phenotypes

Thermal Conductivity Performance of 2D hBN/MoS 2/Hybrid Nanostructures Used on Natural and Synthetic Esters

In this paper, the thermal conductivity behavior of synthetic and natural esters reinforced with 2D nanostructures-single hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), single molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and hybrid h-BN/MOS2-were studied and compared to each other. As a basis for the synthesis of nanofluids, three biodegradable insulating lubricants were used: FR3TM and VG-100 were used as natural esters and MIDEL 7131 as a synthetic ester. Two-dimensional nanosheets of h-BN, MoS2, and their hybrid nanofillers (50/50 ratio percent) were incorporated into matrix lubricants without surfactants or additives. Nanofluids were prepared at 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.25 weight percent of filler fraction. The experimental results revealed improvements in thermal conductivity in the range of 20-32% at 323 K with the addition of 2D nanostructures, and a synergistic behavior was observed for the hybrid h-BN/MoS2 nanostructures

CONSERVAÇÃO E PRESERVAÇÃO DE NASCENTE LOCALIZADA NO MUNICÍPIO DE PALMEIRAS DE GOIÁS – GO

O presente trabalho teve a finalidade de apresentar um estudo sobre conservação de nascentes,analisando os aspectos socioambientais da bacia hidrográfica do Rio dos Bois, no município dePalmeiras de Goiás, localizado na mesorregião Sul do Estado de Goiás. Os municípios brasileiros têmenfrentado grandes problemas com os impactos ambientais, inclusive rurais e cada vez mais e oaumento significativo também de impactos ambientais em áreas de preservação. Os procedimentosmetodológicos realizados foram baseados em investigações de estudos de campo para verificar acaracterística da nascente e as medidas de prevenção a danos ambientais. A quantidade e a qualidadede água das nascentes de uma bacia hidrográfica podem ser alteradas por diversos fatores, destacandose,a declividade, o tipo de solo, o uso da terra, principalmente das áreas de recarga. A nascenteestudada apresentou alguns riscos potenciais ao meio ambiente

Micro Scalable Graphene Oxide Productions Using Controlled Parameters in Bench Reactor

The detailed study of graphene oxide (GO) synthesis by changing the graphite/oxidizing reagents mass ratios (mG/mROxi), provided GO nanosheets production with good yield, structural quality, and process savings. Three initial samples containing different amounts of graphite (3.0 g, 4.5 g, and 6.0 g) were produced using a bench reactor under strictly controlled conditions to guarantee the process reproducibility. The produced samples were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray diffraction (XDR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetry (TGA) techniques. The results showed that the major GO product comprised of nanosheets containing between 1–5 layers, with lateral size up to 1.8 µm. Therefore, it was possible to produce different batches of graphene oxide with desirable physicochemical characteristics, keeping the amount of oxidizing reagent unchanged. The use of different proportions (mG/mROxi) is an important strategy that provides to produce GO nanostructures with high structural quality and scale-up, which can be well adapted in medium-sized bench reactor

Tratamento da Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono e Benefício sobre a Pressão Arterial em Pacientes Hipertensos / Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Blood Pressure Benefit in Hypertensive Patients

Objetivo: Discutir, por meio de uma revisão narrativa, os tratamentos da SAOS mais relevantes nos últimos anos, esclarecer a relação entre o diagnóstico e o tratamento da SAOS com os valores pressóricos dos pacientes hipertensos, além de fazer um comparativo do valor pressórico de pacientes tratados e não tratados para SAOS. Revisão Bibliográfica: A HAS é a consequência cardiovascular mais bem estabelecida da SAOS. Diversos mecanismos decorrentes da hipóxia intermitente esclarecem essa associação, tais como a hiperatividade simpática, a atividade do sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona e a disfunção endotelial. O tratamento com CPAP indicou redução média de 4,78 mmHg e 2,95 mmHg na PA sistólica e diastólica, respectivamente. A terapia com dispositivos de avanço mandibular evidenciou redução na PA diurna sistólica de 1,8 mmHg e na diastólica de 2,2 mmHg. Considerações Finais: O tratamento da SAOS em pacientes com HAS mostra-se capaz de reduzir a pressão arterial média. É sugerido um manejo multiterapêutico que aborde os fatores modificáveis para SAOS. O uso de diuréticos é indicado pelos seus efeitos benéficos sobre a PA e sobre o edema faríngeo, contribuindo, assim, para melhora no quadro da HAS e da síndrome apneica

Famílies botàniques de plantes medicinals

Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Ensenyament: Grau de Farmàcia, Assignatura: Botànica Farmacèutica, Curs: 2013-2014, Coordinadors: Joan Simon, Cèsar Blanché i Maria Bosch.Els materials que aquí es presenten són els recull de 175 treballs d’una família botànica d’interès medicinal realitzats de manera individual. Els treballs han estat realitzat per la totalitat dels estudiants dels grups M-2 i M-3 de l’assignatura Botànica Farmacèutica durant els mesos d’abril i maig del curs 2013-14. Tots els treballs s’han dut a terme a través de la plataforma de GoogleDocs i han estat tutoritzats pel professor de l’assignatura i revisats i finalment co-avaluats entre els propis estudiants. L’objectiu principal de l’activitat ha estat fomentar l’aprenentatge autònom i col·laboratiu en Botànica farmacèutica

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe