Association of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, and osteopontin with cardiovascular disease and retinopathy in type 2 diabetes

Background: Novel biomarkers of vascular disease in diabetes could help identify new mechanistic pathways. Osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, and osteopontin are key molecules involved in bone and vascular calcification processes, both of which are compromised in diabetes. We aimed to evaluate possible associations of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, and osteopontin with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Materials and methods: Osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, and osteopontin concentrations were measured at enrolment in 848 participants with T2D from the Sapienza University Mortality and Morbidity Event Rate (SUMMER) Study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02311244). Logistic regression models and propensity score matching were used to assess possible associations of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, and osteopontin with a history of CVD and with evidence of any grade of DR adjusting for confounders. Results: Previous CVD was reported in 139 (16.4%) participants, while 144 (17.0%) had DR. After adjusting for possible confounders, osteocalcin but not osteoprotegerin or osteopontin concentrations were associated with a history of CVD (Odds Ratio [OR] and 95% CI for one standard deviation (SD) increase in osteocalcin concentrations (natural log): 1.35 (1.06-1.72), p = 0.014). Associations with prevalent DR were seen for osteoprotegerin (OR for one SD increase in osteoprotegerin concentrations (natural log): 1.25 (1.01-1.55), p = 0.047) and osteopontin (OR for one SD increase in osteopontin concentrations (natural log): 1.25 (1.02-1.53), p = 0.022), but not osteocalcin. Conclusions: In T2D, higher serum osteocalcin concentrations are associated with macrovascular complications and higher osteoprotegerin and osteopontin concentrations with microvascular complications, suggesting that these osteokines might be involved in pathways directly related to vascular disease

CMS physics technical design report : Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

Peer reviewe

An embedding technique to determine ττ backgrounds in proton-proton collision data

An embedding technique is presented to estimate standard model tau tau backgrounds from data with minimal simulation input. In the data, the muons are removed from reconstructed mu mu events and replaced with simulated tau leptons with the same kinematic properties. In this way, a set of hybrid events is obtained that does not rely on simulation except for the decay of the tau leptons. The challenges in describing the underlying event or the production of associated jets in the simulation are avoided. The technique described in this paper was developed for CMS. Its validation and the inherent uncertainties are also discussed. The demonstration of the performance of the technique is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS in 2017 at root s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb(-1).Peer reviewe

Performance of missing transverse momentum reconstruction in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV using the CMS detector

The performance of missing transverse momentum ((p) over right arrow (miss)(T)) reconstruction algorithms for the CMS experiment is presented, using proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected at the CERN LHC in 2016. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The results include measurements of the scale and resolution of (p) over right arrow (miss)(T), and detailed studies of events identified with anomalous (p) over right arrow (miss)(T). The performance is presented of a (p) over right arrow (miss)(T) reconstruction algorithm that mitigates the effects of multiple proton-proton interactions, using the "pileup per particle identification" method. The performance is shown of an algorithm used to estimate the compatibility of the reconstructed (p) over right arrow (miss)(T) with the hypothesis that it originates from resolution effects.Peer reviewe

Pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in xenon-xenon collisions at sNN=\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} = 5.44 TeV

Measurements of the pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons produced in xenon-xenon collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of √sNN=5.44TeVare presented. The measurements are based on data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The yield of primary charged hadrons produced in xenon-xenon collisions in the pseudorapidity range |η| <3.2is determined using the silicon pixel detector in the CMS tracking system. For the 5% most central collisions, the charged-hadron pseudorapidity density in the midrapidity region |η| <0.5is found to be 1187 ±36(syst), with a negligible statistical uncertainty. The rapidity distribution of charged hadrons is also presented in the range |y| <3.2and is found to be independent of rapidity around y =0. Existing Monte-Carlo event generators are unable to simultaneously describe both results. Comparisons of charged-hadron multiplicities between xenon-xenon and lead-lead collisions at similar collision energies show that particle production at midrapidity is strongly dependent on the collision geometry in addition to the system size and collision energy

Measurement of associated production of a W boson and a charm quark in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

International audienceMeasurements are presented of associated production of a $\mathrm {W}$ boson and a charm quark ( $\mathrm {W}+\mathrm {c}$ ) in proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 $\,\text {Te}\text {V}$ . The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.7 $\,\text {fb}^{-1}$ collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. The $\mathrm {W}$ bosons are identified by their decay into a muon and a neutrino. The charm quarks are tagged via the full reconstruction of ${\mathrm {D}^{*}(2010)^{\pm }}$ mesons that decay via ${\mathrm {D}^{*}(2010)^{\pm }}\rightarrow \mathrm {D}^0 + {\pi ^{\pm }}\rightarrow \mathrm {K}^{\mp } + {\pi ^{\pm }}+ {\pi ^{\pm }}$ . A cross section is measured in the fiducial region defined by the muon transverse momentum $p_{\mathrm {T}} ^{\mu } > 26\,\text {Ge}\text {V}$ , muon pseudorapidity $|\eta ^{\mu } | 5\,\text {Ge}\text {V}$ . The inclusive cross section for this kinematic range is $\sigma (\mathrm {W}+\mathrm {c})=1026\pm 31\,\text {(stat)} \begin{array}{c} +76\\ -72 \end{array}\,\text {(syst)} \text { pb}$ . The cross section is also measured differentially as a function of the pseudorapidity of the muon from the $\mathrm {W}$ boson decay. These measurements are compared with theoretical predictions and are used to probe the strange quark content of the proton

Search for a W′ boson decaying to a vector-like quark and a top or bottom quark in the all-jets final statech

A search for a heavy W′ resonance decaying to one B or T vector-like quark and a top or bottom quark, respectively, is presented. The search uses proton-proton collision data collected in 2016 with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{−1}$ at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV. Both decay channels result in a final state with a top quark, a Higgs boson, and a b quark, each produced with significant energy. The all-hadronic decays of both the Higgs boson and the top quark are considered. The final-state jets, some of which correspond to merged decay products of a boosted top quark and a Higgs boson, are selected using jet substructure techniques, which help to suppress standard model backgrounds. A W′ boson signal would appear as a narrow peak in the invariant mass distribution of these jets. No significant deviation in data with respect to the standard model background predictions is observed. Cross section upper limits on W′ boson production in the top quark, Higgs boson, and b quark decay mode are set as a function of the W′ mass, for several vector-like quark mass hypotheses. These are the first limits for W′ boson production in this decay channel, and cover a range of 0.01 to 0.43 pb in the W′ mass range between 1.5 and 4.0 TeV

Measurement of associated production of a W boson and a charm quark in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

Measurements are presented of associated production of a $\mathrm {W}$ boson and a charm quark ( $\mathrm {W}+\mathrm {c}$ ) in proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 $\,\text {Te}\text {V}$ . The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.7 $\,\text {fb}^{-1}$ collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. The $\mathrm {W}$ bosons are identified by their decay into a muon and a neutrino. The charm quarks are tagged via the full reconstruction of ${\mathrm {D}^{*}(2010)^{\pm }}$ mesons that decay via ${\mathrm {D}^{*}(2010)^{\pm }}\rightarrow \mathrm {D}^0 + {\pi ^{\pm }}\rightarrow \mathrm {K}^{\mp } + {\pi ^{\pm }}+ {\pi ^{\pm }}$ . A cross section is measured in the fiducial region defined by the muon transverse momentum $p_{\mathrm {T}} ^{\mu } > 26\,\text {Ge}\text {V}$ , muon pseudorapidity $|\eta ^{\mu } | 5\,\text {Ge}\text {V}$ . The inclusive cross section for this kinematic range is $\sigma (\mathrm {W}+\mathrm {c})=1026\pm 31\,\text {(stat)} \begin{array}{c} +76\\ -72 \end{array}\,\text {(syst)} \text { pb}$ . The cross section is also measured differentially as a function of the pseudorapidity of the muon from the $\mathrm {W}$ boson decay. These measurements are compared with theoretical predictions and are used to probe the strange quark content of the proton