Alterations in Lipid Levels of Mitochondrial Membranes Induced by Amyloid-β: A Protective Role of Melatonin

Alzheimer pathogenesis involves mitochondrial dysfunction, which is closely related to amyloid-β (Aβ) generation, abnormal tau phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Alterations in membranal components, including cholesterol and fatty acids, their characteristics, disposition, and distribution along the membranes, have been studied as evidence of cell membrane alterations in AD brain. The majority of these studies have been focused on the cytoplasmic membrane; meanwhile the mitochondrial membranes have been less explored. In this work, we studied lipids and mitochondrial membranes in vivo, following intracerebral injection of fibrillar amyloid-β (Aβ). The purpose was to determine how Aβ may be responsible for beginning of a vicious cycle where oxidative stress and alterations in cholesterol, lipids and fatty acids, feed back on each other to cause mitochondrial dysfunction. We observed changes in mitochondrial membrane lipids, and fatty acids, following intracerebral injection of fibrillar Aβ in aged Wistar rats. Melatonin, a well-known antioxidant and neuroimmunomodulator indoleamine, reversed some of these alterations and protected mitochondrial membranes from obvious damage. Additionally, melatonin increased the levels of linolenic and n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid, in the same site where amyloid β was injected, favoring an endogenous anti-inflammatory pathway

Soluble iron inputs to the Southern Ocean through recent andesitic to rhyolitic volcanic ash eruptions from the Patagonian Andes

Patagonia, due to its geographic position and the dominance of westerly winds, is a key area that contributes to the supply of nutrients to the Southern Ocean, both through mineral dust and through the periodic deposits of volcanic ash. Here we evaluate the characteristics of Fe dissolved (into soluble and colloidal species) from volcanic ash for three recent southern Andes volcanic eruptions having contrasting features and chemical compositions. Contact between cloud waters (wet deposition) and end-members of andesitic (Hudson volcano) and rhyolitic (Chaitén volcano) materials was simulated. Results indicate higher Fe release and faster liberation rates in the andesitic material. Fe release during particle-seawater interaction (dry deposition) has higher rates in rhyolitic-type ashes. Rhyolitic ashes under acidic conditions release Fe in higher amounts and at a slower rate, while in those samples containing mostly glass shards, Fe release was lower and faster. The 2011 Puyehue eruption was observed by a dust monitoring station. Puyehue-type eruptions can contribute soluble Fe to the ocean via dry or wet deposition, nearly reaching the limit required for phytoplankton growth. In contrast, the input of Fe after processing by an acidic eruption plume could raise the amount of dissolved Fe in surface ocean waters several times, above the threshold required to initiate phytoplankton blooms. A single eruption like the Puyehue one represents more than half of the yearly Fe flux contributed by dust.Instituto de Física La Plat

Oral vaccination of fish against vibriosis using spore-display technology

Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 Gonçalves, Santos, Coutinho, Pedrosa, Curado, Machado, Costas, Bonneville, Serrano, Carvalho, Díaz-Rosales, Oliva-Teles, Couto and Serra.Oral vaccines are highly demanded by the aquaculture sector, to allow mass delivery of antigens without using the expensive and labor-intensive injectable vaccines. These later require individual handling of fish, provoking stress-related mortalities. One possible strategy to create injection-free vaccine delivery vehicles is the use of bacterial spores, extremely resistant structures with wide biotechnological applications, including as probiotics, display systems, or adjuvants. Bacterial spores, in particular those of Bacillus subtilis, have been shown to behave as mucosal vaccine adjuvants in mice models. However, such technology has not been extensively explored against fish bacterial disease. In this study, we used a laboratory strain of B. subtilis, for which a variety of genetic manipulation tools are available, to display at its spores surface either a Vibrio antigenic protein, OmpK, or the green fluorescence protein, GFP. When previously vaccinated by immersion with the OmpK- carrying spores, zebrafish survival upon a bacterial challenge with V. anguillarum and V. parahaemolyticus, increased up to 50 - 90% depending on the pathogen targeted. Further, we were able to detect anti-GFP-antibodies in the serum of European seabass juveniles fed diets containing the GFP-carrying spores and anti-V. anguillarum antibodies in the serum of European seabass juveniles fed the OmpK-carrying spores containing diet. More important, seabass survival was increased from 60 to 86% when previously orally vaccinated with in-feed OmpK- carrying spores. Our results indicate that B. subtilis spores can effectively be used as antigen-carriers for oral vaccine delivery in fish.publishersversionpublishe

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

I Jornada de Aulas Abiertas: Encuentro de Docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas

La Jornada de Aulas Abiertas quiere ser una oportunidad para que los docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas nos encontremos en un espacio de reflexión y revisión de nuestras prácticas, distendido, cálido y respetuoso, que nos permita compartir nuestras experiencias cotidianas en las aulas, tanto presenciales como virtuales. Es la posibilidad de conocernos, intercambiar, aprender y contagiarnos de las inquietudes y el entusiasmo que muchos docentes ponen en juego cotidianamente. En el marco de propuestas de enseñanza, se analizaron recursos multimediales, materiales de estudio, aulas virtuales, redes sociales, aplicaciones web, juegos y actividades de evaluación y coevaluación originales; también se abordaron problemáticas y propuestas para favorecer vinculaciones con la práctica profesional. Estas fueron algunas de las cuestiones abordadas y compartidas en las presentaciones de nuestros colegas. Distintas propuestas, pero siempre con el propósito de favorecer las oportunidades de aprendizaje de nuestros estudiantes. Esta publicación pretende ampliar el alcance de esta actividad. Es una invitación para que los y las docentes que participaron puedan revisar nuevamente aquellas actividades que les parecieron valiosas, o las que no pudieron presenciar. Y para aquellos/as que no tuvieron la posibilidad de estar presentes, puedan descubrir cuánto podemos hacer para que nuestros estudiantes aprendan más y mejor, y se animen a iniciar sus propios recorridos. Esperamos repetir este evento para seguir aprendiendo de las iniciativas de los/las docentes de nuestra Facultad, poder hablar de lo que nos preocupa y nos enorgullece, en particular de las propuestas que desarrollamos en el aula para favorecer la comprensión, promover el entusiasmo, abordar temas complejos y errores frecuentes de nuestros estudiantes. Desde el Área de Formación Docente y Producción Educativa queremos agradecer a las autoridades de nuestra Facultad por acompañarnos en este desafío y a los/las docentes que estuvieron presentes compartiendo sus experiencias.Fil: Sabulsky, Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Margaría, Oscar A. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Iturralde, Ivan. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Domenech, Roberto. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Torrico, Julieta. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Estigarribia, Lucrecia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Gohlke, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Rosenfeld, Valeria. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Montenjano, Franco. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Atienza, Bárbara. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Becerra, Natalia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Alonso, Micaela. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Tomatis, Karina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Saunders, Shirley. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: David, María Laura. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Flores, Verónica Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Heckmann, Gerardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Vega, Juan José. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Trucchi, Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Ferro, Flavia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Díaz, Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Peretto, Claudia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Racagni, Josefina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Guardiola, Mariana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: López, Sonia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Beltrán, Natacha. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Russo, Paulo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Sánchez, Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Rocha Vargas, Marcelo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Flores, Norma. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Arévalo, Eliana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Pacheco, Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Delmonte, Laura. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Stanecka, Nancy. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Caminos, Ana Belén. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Ahumada, María Inés. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Caro, Norma Patricia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Bravino, Laura. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Giménez, Siria Miriam. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Perona, Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Cuttica, Mariela. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: García, Gladys Susana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Cohen, Natalia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Tapia, Sebastián. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Erazu, Damián. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Torres, César. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Casini, Rosanna Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Rosales, Julio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Infante, Roberto Adrián. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Ricci, María Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Römer, Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Goyeneche, Noel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Marzo, Emanuel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Olmos, Mariano. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Bottino, Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Cacciagiú, Victor. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Scidá, María Florencia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Guajardo Molina, Vanesa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Batistella, Silvana del V. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Huanchicay, Silvia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Jones, Carola. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Cassutti, Marcela Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Sánchez, Juan Nicolás. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Arónica, Sandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Ortega, Fernando. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Peretti, Florencia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Tagle, María Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Asís, Gloria Susana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Ortiz Figueroa, Ana María. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Giménez, Miriam Mónica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Magnano, Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Arias, Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina

Estudo da relação topográfica do terceiro molar inferior com o canal mandibular: frequência e complicações

Introduction: The knowledgment of the mandibular region anatomy is fundamental for the performance of surgical interventions due to the neighborly relations between dental and osseous structures. The objectives of this work were to determine the path of the mandibular canal as a true conduit to the mental foramen in dry jaws, to establish the relation frequency between the inferior third molar with the conduit and to record the complications that occured during the eruption of the inferior third molar, before and after the surgical treatment, by sex and age. Methodology: 50 dry mandibular bones were used, silicon with barium sulfate added, orthodontic wire, drypoint dividers, milimetered ruler and radiographic films. Sagittal and frontal cuttings were performed to obtain base distances, alveolar ridge and tooth-conduit. Clinically, 100 patients of both sexes, 15 to 30 years were treated, and they were divided in two groups: patients with pre-treatment complications; patients with post-treatment complications.&nbsp; For the quantification and validation of data the percentual method and the Chi-square (x+) test were used, with a statistical significance of p&lt;0.05. Results: It was determined that the lower mandibular canal is true in 80% of cases. In frontal cuttings, the conduit was located closert to the alveolar ridge. In sagittal cuttings, the distance between tooth and conduit were tiny. The data show higher frequency of complications in female patients, aged between 17 and 25 and with mesioangular and retained position of the tooth. The most obvious complications were: trismus pericoronaritis, nerve type pain and otitis. Conclution: Knowledge of the mandibular anatomy and of the neighborhood relations allow to work safely and efficiently, avoiding the risks that involves nerve complications associated with inferior alveolar nerve damage.&nbsp; &nbsp;Introducción:El conocimiento de la anatomía de la región mandibular es fundamental para la realización de intervenciones quirúrgicas debido a la relación de vecindad existente entre las estructuras dentarias y óseas. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron determinar el trayecto del conducto mandibular como conducto verdadero hasta el agujero mentoniano en maxilares secos, establecer la frecuencia de relación del tercer inferior molar con el conducto y registrar las complicaciones que se presentaron durante la erupcióndel tercer molar inferior, antes ydespués del tratamientoquirúrgico, según sexo y edad. Métodos: Se utilizaron 50 huesos mandibulares secos, silicona con agregado de sulfato de bario, alambre de ortodoncia, compás de punta seca, regla milimetrada y películas radiográficas. Se practicaron cortes frontales y sagitales para obtener las distancias base, reborde alveolar y diente-conducto. Se emplearon el método porcentual y la prueba de Chi-cuadrado (x~) para la cuantificación y la validación de los datos con una significación estadística de p &lt; 0,05. Resultados: Se determinó que el conducto dentario inferior es verdadero en el 80% de los casos. En cortes frontales el conducto se ubicó más cercano al reborde alveolar. En cortes sagitales la distancia diente-conducto fue íntima. Los datos arrojaron mayor frecuencia de complicaciones en pacientes del sexo femenino, en edades comprendidas entre 17 a 25 años y con posición mesioangular y retenida de la pieza dentaria. Las complicaciones más evidentes fueron trismus, pericoronaritis, dolores de tipo neurálgico y otitis.&nbsp;Introdução: o conhecimento da anatomia da região mandibular é fundamentalpara a realização de intervenções cirúrgicas, devido à relação de proximidade existente entre as estruturas dentárias e ósseas. Objetivos: determinar o trajeto do canal mandibular como canal verdadeiro até o buraco mentoniano em maxilares secos, estabelecer a frequência de relação do terceiro molar inferior com o canal, bem como registrar as complicações que se apresentaram durante a erupção do terceiro molar inferior, antes e depois do tratamento cirúrgico, de acordo com o sexo e a idade. Métodos: foram utilizados 50 ossos mandibulares secos, silicone impregnado de sulfato de bário, arame ortodôntico, compasso de ponta seca, régua milimetrada e películas radiográficas. Foram realizados cortes frontais e sagitais com o objetivo de obter as distâncias base, borda alveolar e dente-canal. Foram empregados o método percentual e o teste de qui-quadrado (x~) para a quantificação e avalidação dos dados, com uma significação estatística de p &lt; 0,05. Resultados: determinou--se que o canal dentário inferior é verdadeiro em 80% dos casos. Em cortes frontais, o canal foi posicionado mais próximo à borda alveolar. Em cortes sagitais a distância dente-canal foi íntima. Os dados indicaram maior frequência de complicações em pacientes do sexo feminino, em idades compreendidas entre os 17 e os 25 anos e com posição mesioangular e retenção da peça dentária. As complicações mais evidentes foram trismo, pericoronarite, dores de tipo neurálgico y otite

Estudo da relação topográfica do terceiro molar inferior com o canal mandibular: frequência e complicações

Introduction: The knowledgment of the mandibular region anatomy is fundamental for the performance of surgical interventions due to the neighborly relations between dental and osseous structures. The objectives of this work were to determine the path of the mandibular canal as a true conduit to the mental foramen in dry jaws, to establish the relation frequency between the inferior third molar with the conduit and to record the complications that occured during the eruption of the inferior third molar, before and after the surgical treatment, by sex and age. Methodology: 50 dry mandibular bones were used, silicon with barium sulfate added, orthodontic wire, drypoint dividers, milimetered ruler and radiographic films. Sagittal and frontal cuttings were performed to obtain base distances, alveolar ridge and tooth-conduit. Clinically, 100 patients of both sexes, 15 to 30 years were treated, and they were divided in two groups: patients with pre-treatment complications; patients with post-treatment complications.  For the quantification and validation of data the percentual method and the Chi-square (x+) test were used, with a statistical significance of p&lt;0.05. Results: It was determined that the lower mandibular canal is true in 80% of cases. In frontal cuttings, the conduit was located closert to the alveolar ridge. In sagittal cuttings, the distance between tooth and conduit were tiny. The data show higher frequency of complications in female patients, aged between 17 and 25 and with mesioangular and retained position of the tooth. The most obvious complications were: trismus pericoronaritis, nerve type pain and otitis. Conclution: Knowledge of the mandibular anatomy and of the neighborhood relations allow to work safely and efficiently, avoiding the risks that involves nerve complications associated with inferior alveolar nerve damage.  Introducción:El conocimiento de la anatomía de la región mandibular es fundamental para la realización de intervenciones quirúrgicas debido a la relación de vecindad existente entre las estructuras dentarias y óseas. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron determinar el trayecto del conducto mandibular como conducto verdadero hasta el agujero mentoniano en maxilares secos, establecer la frecuencia de relación del tercer inferior molar con el conducto y registrar las complicaciones que se presentaron durante la erupcióndel tercer molar inferior, antes ydespués del tratamientoquirúrgico, según sexo y edad. Métodos: Se utilizaron 50 huesos mandibulares secos, silicona con agregado de sulfato de bario, alambre de ortodoncia, compás de punta seca, regla milimetrada y películas radiográficas. Se practicaron cortes frontales y sagitales para obtener las distancias base, reborde alveolar y diente-conducto. Se emplearon el método porcentual y la prueba de Chi-cuadrado (x~) para la cuantificación y la validación de los datos con una significación estadística de p &lt; 0,05. Resultados: Se determinó que el conducto dentario inferior es verdadero en el 80% de los casos. En cortes frontales el conducto se ubicó más cercano al reborde alveolar. En cortes sagitales la distancia diente-conducto fue íntima. Los datos arrojaron mayor frecuencia de complicaciones en pacientes del sexo femenino, en edades comprendidas entre 17 a 25 años y con posición mesioangular y retenida de la pieza dentaria. Las complicaciones más evidentes fueron trismus, pericoronaritis, dolores de tipo neurálgico y otitis. Introdução: o conhecimento da anatomia da região mandibular é fundamentalpara a realização de intervenções cirúrgicas, devido à relação de proximidade existente entre as estruturas dentárias e ósseas. Objetivos: determinar o trajeto do canal mandibular como canal verdadeiro até o buraco mentoniano em maxilares secos, estabelecer a frequência de relação do terceiro molar inferior com o canal, bem como registrar as complicações que se apresentaram durante a erupção do terceiro molar inferior, antes e depois do tratamento cirúrgico, de acordo com o sexo e a idade. Métodos: foram utilizados 50 ossos mandibulares secos, silicone impregnado de sulfato de bário, arame ortodôntico, compasso de ponta seca, régua milimetrada e películas radiográficas. Foram realizados cortes frontais e sagitais com o objetivo de obter as distâncias base, borda alveolar e dente-canal. Foram empregados o método percentual e o teste de qui-quadrado (x~) para a quantificação e avalidação dos dados, com uma significação estatística de p &lt; 0,05. Resultados: determinou--se que o canal dentário inferior é verdadeiro em 80% dos casos. Em cortes frontais, o canal foi posicionado mais próximo à borda alveolar. Em cortes sagitais a distância dente-canal foi íntima. Os dados indicaram maior frequência de complicações em pacientes do sexo feminino, em idades compreendidas entre os 17 e os 25 anos e com posição mesioangular e retenção da peça dentária. As complicações mais evidentes foram trismo, pericoronarite, dores de tipo neurálgico y otite