Pratiques de production des entreprises, conventions et développement territorial rural: étude de cas du vin Espagnol AOP Méntrida

El artículo que se presenta aborda la actualidad del debate sobre las Denominaciones de Origen (DO) como una alternativa para el desarrollo de espacios rurales profundos. Se parte de considerar las DO como un catalizador en el Desarrollo Territorial Rural (DTR), que legitima los productos locales posibilitando que estos se vendan más y mejor. Así, su objetivo es estudiar cómo los actores económicos acogidos a una DO son capaces de fomentar procesos de DTR, a través de las diferentes prácticas productivas y estrategias empresariales utilizadas para innovar y competir en los mercados. El marco teórico elegido para el análisis es la teoría de las convenciones, que ha demostrado ser de gran utilidad a la hora de valorar los aspectos no económicos que regulan la producción, comercialización y consumo de productos agroalimentarios. A partir de la aplicación de encuestas a bodegas y entrevista al Consejo Regulador, se ha realizado un estudio de un caso práctico, la DO vitivinícola castellano-manchega Méntrida, y se han clasificado los comportamientos productivos identificados como convenciones. Del análisis de resultados se concluye que hay determinadas actitudes empresariales, aquí entendidas como convenciones, que combinadas han demostrado que pueden llegar a ser favorables a los procesos de DTR.The context of this study is the use of Protected Designation of Origins (PDO) as potential tools for the development of impoverished rural areas. In addition to its potential for promoting processes of rural territorial development (RTD), for economic actors the PDO scheme represents a differentiation to their products, increasing their added value and helping producers to sell more. The objective of this article is to study how economic actors of a PDO are able to foster RTD processes through the several production practices and business strategies they use to innovate and compete in global markets. The following article addresses the current debate about Protected Designations of Origin (PDO) as potential tools for the development of impoverished rural areas. The starting point is the consideration of PDOs as a catalyst for Rural Territorial Development (RTD), which legitimizes local products helping producers to sell them more and better. The theoretical framework chosen for the analysis is the ‘conventions theory’, which has proved to be very useful in assessing the non-economic aspects governing the production, marketing and consumption of food products. Surveys and interviews to local actors were applied in the case study selected – the Spanish wine PDO Méntrida – and the productive behaviors identified were classified according to ‘conventions’. From the analysis of the results, the paper concludes that certain entrepreneurial attitudes – here understood as conventions – if combined, are beneficial for the promotion of RTD processes.L’article qui suit traite du débat d’aujourd’hui sur les Appellation d’Origine Protégée (AOP) comme une alternative pour le développement des zones rurales profondes. Nous commençons compte tenu de la faire en tant que catalyseur dans le développement territorial rural (DTR), qui légitime les produits locaux et aide les producteurs à vendre plus. Donc, l’objectif de cet article est d’étudier comment les acteurs économiques d’une AOP sont en mesure de favoriser les processus de DTR, à travers les plusieurs pratiques de production et les stratégies commerciales qu’ils utilisent pour innover et de concurrencer sur les marchés mondiaux. Le cadre théorique choisi pour l’analyse est la «théorie des conventions», qui se est avéré être très utile dans l’évaluation des aspects non économiques régissant la production, la commercialisation et la consommation de produits alimentaires. Sondages et des entrevues aux acteurs locaux ont été appliquées dans l’étude de cas choisie – la AOP du vin Méntrida, situé en Espagne - et les comportements productifs identifiés ont été classés en fonction de «conventions». De l’analyse des résultats, le document conclut que certaines attitudes entrepreneuriales - ici compris comme conventions - si elle est combinée, sont bénéfiques pour la promotion des processus de DTR

Développement territorial, la gouvernance et les appellations d'origine: l'étude de vin AOC Méntrida, Mondejar et Uclés

El presente artículo se enmarca en el estudio de las denominaciones de origen desde la perspectiva del desarrollo territorial. El artículo investiga sobre el papel de las redes socioinstitucionales en el apoyo a estas figuras de calidad, y en la generación de procesos de buena gobernanza, pieza clave en el desarrollo territorial. Para ello, se analizan tres denominaciones de origen vitivinícolas ubicadas en Castilla-La Mancha, Méntrida, Mondéjar y Uclés, insertadas en un contexto regional e institucional similar, pero con realidades distintas. Por su perspectiva constructivista, los resultados de este trabajo, reflejan la realidad a partir de las visiones contrastadas de los propios actores del territorio.This article focuses on the study of the Protected Designation of Origins from the territorial development perspective. The paper investigates the role played by socio-institutional networks in the support to these quality schemes and in the promotion of good governance processes, a key concept in territorial development. To do so, three different Spanish wine Protected Designation of Origins are analysed, Méntrida, Mondéjar and Uclés. They are located in the Autonomous Region of Castilla-La Mancha, and they have similar regional and institutional contexts, but different realities. Given to its constructivist perspective, the results of this study reflect the reality from the contrasting perspectives of the agents of the territory.Cet article se concentre sur l'étude des appellations d'origine dans la perspective du développement territorial. Le document examine le rôle des réseaux socio-institutionnels à l'appui de ces systèmes de qualité, et la génération de processus de bonne gouvernance, clé dans le développement territorial. Pour ce faire, nous analysons trois appellations d'origine situés en Castilla-La Mancha, Méntrida, Mondejar et Uclés, inséré dans un contexte régional et institutionnel semblable, mais des réalités différentes. Sur la perspective constructiviste, les résultats de cette étude reflètent la réalité des visions contrastées des acteurs du territoire

Le panier de biens et services en tant qu’outil de diagnostic territorial: Le cas de la wilaya d’Ain-Témouchent (Algerie)

The model of the territorial-based basket of goods and services explains how valuing a group of specific quality products from a territory and the services related to them, could contribute to the territorial development. This article starts from this perspective and through the case study of the wilaya of Ain Témouchent in Algeria, it tests the applicability and validity of this model in a rural area on the southern shore of the Mediterranean. From the analysis of the different elements of the model, the specific offer of products and services of the territory, the demand generated by consumption linked to the idea of territory and the combination of public and private goods, we study the advantages and limitations in valuing local resources, as well as the necessary processes to configure a basket of territorial goods.El modelo del cesto de bienes y servicios territoriales explica cómo y en qué condiciones la valorización conjunta de productos de calidad específicos de un territorio y los servicios asociados a ellos pueden contribuir al desarrollo territorial. El presente artículo parte de esta perspectiva y a través del caso de estudio de la wilaya de Ain Témouchent en Argelia prueba la aplicabilidad y validez de este modelo en un espacio rural de la orilla sur del mediterráneo. A partir del análisis de los diferentes elementos del modelo, una oferta específica de productos y servicios del territorio, una demanda vinculada al consumo de territorio y una combinación de bienes públicos y privados, se realiza un diagnóstico territorial que verifica ventajas e inconvenientes en la puesta en valor de los recursos y en los procesos necesarios para construir un cesto de bienes territoriales.Le modèle du panier de biens et des services territorialisés explique comment et dans quelles conditions la mise en valeur en commun des produits de qualité liés à un territoire et des services qui leur sont associés peuvent contribuer au développement territorial. L’article part de cette perspective et, à travers l’étude de cas de la wilaya d’Ain-Temouchent en Algérie, teste l’applicabilité et la validité de cette approche dans un espace rural sur la rive sud de la Méditerranée. Un diagnostic territorial est réalisé à partir de l’analyse des différents éléments du modèle tels que l’offre spécifique des produits et des services du territoire, la demande liée à la consommation du territoire, et l’ensemble des biens publiques et privés, afin de vérifier les avantages et les inconvénients de la mise en valeur des ressources et des processus nécessaires pour construire un panier de biens territorialisés

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in ZZ-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s}=13 TeV

Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against a $Z$ boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 $< p_{\textrm{T}} < 100$ GeV and in the pseudorapidity range $2.5 < \eta < 4$. The data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb$^{-1}$. Triple differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb public pages

Study of the B−→Λc+Λˉc−K−B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-} decay

The decay $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. In the $\Lambda_{c}^+ K^{-}$ system, the $\Xi_{c}(2930)^{0}$ state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is resolved into two narrower states, $\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}$ and $\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}$, whose masses and widths are measured to be $$m(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = 2924.5 \pm 0.4 \pm 1.1 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ m(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = 2938.5 \pm 0.9 \pm 2.3 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = \phantom{000}4.8 \pm 0.9 \pm 1.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},\\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = \phantom{00}11.0 \pm 1.9 \pm 7.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},$$ where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a prompt $\Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ sample. Evidence of a new $\Xi_{c}(2880)^{0}$ state is found with a local significance of $3.8\,\sigma$, whose mass and width are measured to be $2881.8 \pm 3.1 \pm 8.5\,\mathrm{MeV}$ and $12.4 \pm 5.3 \pm 5.8 \,\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode $\Xi_{c}(2790)^{0} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ is found with a significance of $3.7\,\sigma$. The relative branching fraction of $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ with respect to the $B^{-} \to D^{+} D^{-} K^{-}$ decay is measured to be $2.36 \pm 0.11 \pm 0.22 \pm 0.25$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb public pages

Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions R(D∗)\mathcal{R}(D^{*}) and R(D0)\mathcal{R}(D^{0})

The ratios of branching fractions $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})\equiv\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})\equiv\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb${ }^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode $\tau^{-}\to\mu^{-}\nu_{\tau}\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$. The measured values are $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})=0.281\pm0.018\pm0.024$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})=0.441\pm0.060\pm0.066$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is $\rho=-0.43$. Results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb public pages

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications