Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults: social-demographic profile from a university hospital ADHD outpatient unit in São Paulo, Brazil Transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH) no adulto: perfil sócio-demográfico de pacientes com TDAH atendidos em ambulatório de um hospital universitário de São Paulo, Brasil

PURPOSE: To describe the social-demographic variables, including interpersonal, academic, and professional performance in adult individuals with the diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). There are no reports of this kind in the Brazilian population with ADHD. The ADHD is a common disorder, which can reach up to 3% of the general population. METHOD: Descriptive study of adults with ADHD, according to the DSM-IV criteria (American Psychiatric Association). The sample was selected from a specialized outpatient service in São Paulo city. The social-demographic data was obtained by personal interviews. RESULTS: There was a predominance of males in the sample (61.2%) and a high education level (90.2% had at least a high school degree) and 52% of the 102 patients had repeated their class at a least once during their school lives. In addition, 22.5% of the population sample were unemployed at the time of the interview. CONCLUSION: The distribution of the socio-demographic variables in adult ADHD is similar to other ADHD samples reported in other countries, despite the high education level met in our sample. Similarities between child and adult ADHD could also be traced.<br>OBJETIVO: Descrever as variáveis sócio-demográficas incluindo desempenho acadêmico, profissional e interpessoal em uma população adulta com diagnóstico de transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH). Até o momento não há relato na literatura do perfil desses pacientes na população brasileira. O TDAH é comum na população geral, podendo chegar a 3% das pessoas. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados adultos que tomaram conhecimento do serviço de atendimento especializado em TDAH através da mídia. O diagnóstico de TDAH foi realizado utilizando-se os critérios da Associação Psiquiátrica Americana (DSM-IV). Os dados sócio-demográficos foram obtidos através de entrevista pessoal com cada paciente. RESULTADOS: 102 indivíduos preencheram critérios para TDAH. Houve predomínio do sexo masculino (61,2%) com alto nível de escolaridade (90,2% tinham no mínimo 2º grau completo). Cinquenta e três pacientes (52%) foram reprovados pelo menos uma vez durante vida estudantil. No momento da entrevista, 22,5% encontravam-se desempregados. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se uma semelhança da distribuição das variáveis sócio-demográficas com os indivíduos adultos com TDAH de outros países, apesar da escolaridade ser acima da média nacional. Além disso, pode-se também observar semelhanças entre as populações infantil e adulta com TDAH