Temporal Perihrasis and Clitics in Central Romance Languages

Aquest article analitza el desenvolupament diacrònic i el comportament sintàctic sincrònic de la perífrasi temporal (i. e., els temps compostos) en un nombre de varietats romàniques no estàndard, sintàcticament avançades i geogràficament centrals, amb una atenció especial a la col·locació del clític. S'hi argumenta que en les llengües examinades les construccions Aux+participi passat tenen una constituència bioracional, és a dir, que consisteixen en un SC de participi plenament especificat subordinat a l'oració de l'auxiliar, i també que el canvi sintàctic que les ha portades a aquesta situació és l'últim desenvolupament d'un procés de destrucció general que en segles anteriors va afectar les construccions modals i causatives/perceptives de les llengües en qüestió

Sant\u2019Eufemia da Calcedonia: migrazione e ideologizzazioni del culto, produzione di sosia, genesi di luoghi sacri

In the first part, the essay follows the routes of early-medieval migrations of martyr Euphemia\u2019s cult and relics through eastern Mediterranean sea, from Calcedonia-Constantinople to the patriarchal area (Aquileia-Grado, with branches into the Friulian inland, to Venice-Padua, Ravenna and Trieste-Parenzo-Rovigno), focusing on the phenomena triggered by the diffusion of Euphemian devotion, which assured its lasting fortune: its increasing ideologization and repeated political use in an antiheretical-antischismatic and identitary key, the multiplication of the reference figure (with the \u2018invention\u2019 of homonymous martyrs in Aquileia, Ravenna and Trieste), the genesis and characterization of sacred places, the modification of natural and urban topography itself in some of the sites affected by that flow. In the second part we recall the late-medieval vicissitudes of the original saint\u2019s main relics and consider a specific case: the attempt to revitalize her cult and church in Padua, which were in a state of deep crisis and neglect. The failure of that attempt and the general impoliticalness of Euphemian cult in the Venetian area in the mid 15th c. brought eventually to reunify some of the ideological and material branches it had divided up and to \u2018parachute\u2019 it (with a cold-blood operation, devoid of local precedents and with a strong commercial taste) in Montepeloso (nowadays Irsina MT). This in turn generated a new pole of Euphemian devotion \u2013 promptly declined, also from the viewpoint of sacred spaces, in both religious and civic-identitary versions and mildly radiating over the territory \u2013 and started an important and lasting flow of Venetian works of art among churches and convents in the Apulo-Lucanian area

Le virtù dei ‘tenenti’ polonici, tra classicità e cristianità

The paper examines the corpus of student heraldry relating to the Natio Polona at the Studium of Padua – in particular the illuminated coats of arms in the volumes of the National register (1592 (but 1605)–1745) – from the point of view of the structure of these representations, of the official insignia and the supporters or attendants that appear there (mostly allegories of virtues or figures taken from Greco-Roman mythology) and of the meanings that they, together with the maxims and watchwords that frame the individual miniatures, convey, comparing it with the analogous documentation produced by the two Nationes Germanicae of Jurists (1545–1609, 1650–1709) and Artists (1553–1769) and by the Natio Ultramarina (i.e. Greek: 1656–1737). It will thus be observed that, in the dialectic between religious afflatus and classical inspiration that emerges from it, the true dimension in which the former is implemented is the cultural and military defense of Christianity, subsumed by the theme of virtus pervasively illustrated by the mottos and figures that refer to the second.L’articolo esamina il corpus di araldica studentesca riguardante la Natio Polona allo Studium di Padova, in particolar modo gli stemmi miniati nel volume del registro della Nazione (1592 [ma 1605] – 1745) – dal punto di vista della struttura di queste rappresentazioni, delle insegne ufficiali e dei sostegni o tenenti che vi compaiono (per la maggior parti allegorie di virtù o figure tratte dalla mitologia greco-romana) e del significato che essi, insieme alle massime e ai motti che incorniciano le singole miniature, trasmettono, confrontando tutto ciò con la documentazione prodotta dalle due Nationes Germanicae dei Giuristi (1545–1609, 1650–1709) e degli artisti (1553–1769) e dalla Natio Ultramarina (ovvero greca: 1656–1737). Si potrà quindi osservare che, nella dialettica tra afflato religioso e ispirazione classica che ne emerge, la vera dimensione in cui il primo è messo in pratica è la difesa culturale e militare del cristianesimo, sussunta dal tema della virtus pervasivamente illustrato dai motti e dalle figure che rinviano al secondo.L’articolo esamina il corpus di araldica studentesca riguardante la Natio Polona allo Studium di Padova, in particolar modo gli stemmi miniati nel volume del registro della Nazione (1592 [ma 1605] – 1745) – dal punto di vista della struttura di queste rappresentazioni, delle insegne ufficiali e dei sostegni o tenenti che vi compaiono (per la maggior parti allegorie di virtù o figure tratte dalla mitologia greco-romana) e del significato che essi, insieme alle massime e ai motti che incorniciano le singole miniature, trasmettono, confrontando tutto ciò con la documentazione prodotta dalle due Nationes Germanicae dei Giuristi (1545–1609, 1650–1709) e degli artisti (1553–1769) e dalla Natio Ultramarina (ovvero greca: 1656–1737). Si potrà quindi osservare che, nella dialettica tra afflato religioso e ispirazione classica che ne emerge, la vera dimensione in cui il primo è messo in pratica è la difesa culturale e militare del cristianesimo, sussunta dal tema della virtus pervasivamente illustrato dai motti e dalle figure che rinviano al secondo

Editorial: What can simple brains teach us about how vision works

Vision is the process of extracting behaviorally-relevant information from patterns of light that fall on retina as the eyes sample the outside world. Traditionally, non-human primates have been viewed by many as the animal model-of-choice for investigating the neuronal substrates of visual processing, not only because their visual systems closely mirror our own (e.g., Orban, 2008; Nassi and Callaway, 2009 for a review), but also because it is often assumed that \u201csimpler\u201d brains lack advanced visual processing machinery. However, this narrow view of visual neuroscience ignores the fact that vision is widely distributed throughout the animal kingdom, enabling a wide repertoire of complex behaviors in species from insects to birds, fish, and mammals. Recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in alternative animal models for vision research, such as rodents (see Huberman and Niell, 2011; Zoccolan, 2015 for a review). This resurgence is partly due to the availability of increasingly powerful experimental approaches (e.g., optogenetics and two-photon imaging) that are challenging to apply to their full potential in primates. Meanwhile, even more phylogenetically distant species such as birds, fish, and insects have long been workhorse animal models for gaining insight into the core computations underlying visual processing (see Baier, 2000; Bilotta and Saszik, 2001; Borst et al., 2010; Aptekar and Frye, 2013 for a review ). In many cases, these animal models are valuable precisely because their visual systems are simpler than the primate visual system. Simpler systems are often easier to understand, and studying a diversity of neuronal systems that achieve similar functions can focus attention on those computational principles that are universal and essential. This Research Topic provides a survey of the state of the art in the use of non-primate models of visual functions. It includes original research, methods articles, reviews, and opinions that exploit a variety of animal models (including rodents, birds, fishes and insects) to investigate visual function. The experimental approaches covered by these studies range from psychophysics and electrophysiology to histology and genetics, testifying to the richness and depth of visual neuroscience in non-primate species. Below, we briefly summarize the contributions to this Research Topic

Management of psoriatic arthritis: a consensus opinion by expert rheumatologists

Background: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal disease involving several articular and extra-articular structures. Despite the important progresses recently made in all of the aspects of this disease, its management is still burdened by unresolved issues. The aim of this exercise was to provide a set of statements that may be helpful for the management of PsA. Methods: A group of 38 Italian rheumatologists with recognized expertise in PsA selected and addressed the following four topics: "early PsA," "axial-PsA," "extra-articular manifestations and comorbidities," "therapeutic goals." Relevant articles from the literature (2016-2022) were selected by the experts based on a PubMed search. A number of statements for each topic were elaborated. Results: Ninety-four articles were selected and evaluated, 68 out of the 1,114 yielded by the literature search and 26 added by the Authors. Each of the four topic was subdivided in themes as follows: transition from psoriasis to PsA, imaging vs. CASPAR criteria in early diagnosis, early treatment for "early PsA"; axial-PsA vs. axialspondyloarthritis, diagnosis, clinical evaluation, treatment, standard radiography vs. magnetic resonance imaging for "axial PsA"; influence of inflammatory bowel disease on the therapeutic choice, cardiovascular comorbidity, bone damage, risk of infection for "comorbidities and extra-articular manifestations"; target and tools, treat-to-target strategy, role of imaging for "therapeutic goals." The final document consisted of 49 statements. Discussion: The final product of this exercise is a set of statements concerning the main issues of PsA management offering an expert opinion for some unmet needs of this complex disease

Performance of the CMS Cathode Strip Chambers with Cosmic Rays

The Cathode Strip Chambers (CSCs) constitute the primary muon tracking device in the CMS endcaps. Their performance has been evaluated using data taken during a cosmic ray run in fall 2008. Measured noise levels are low, with the number of noisy channels well below 1%. Coordinate resolution was measured for all types of chambers, and fall in the range 47 microns to 243 microns. The efficiencies for local charged track triggers, for hit and for segments reconstruction were measured, and are above 99%. The timing resolution per layer is approximately 5 ns

Stranieri. Itinerari di vita studentesca tra XIII e XVIII secolo.

Questo volume osserva l’università come punto di incontro tra uomini di età diverse e di origini geografiche molteplici. Ciò vale in particolare modo per l’Ateneo patavino, che deve le sue origini proprio a una migrazione di scolari. Un evento circoscritto, che tuttavia rientra nel fenomeno più ampio e diffuso della mobilità accademica che caratterizza il medioevo e la prima età moderna. Nel corso del medioevo – con un’accelerazione notevole a partire dal XII secolo – maestri e scolari furono indotti a muoversi verso i centri del sapere – monasteri, scuole, cattedrali, conventi, università – alla ricerca degli ambienti più stimolanti dal punto di vista intellettuale e delle condizioni che meglio garantissero l’apprendimento, quali ad esempio la presenza di ricche biblioteche o le lezioni dei docenti più illustri. I cosiddetti clerici vagantes costituivano un gruppo estremamente eterogeneo dal punto di vista geografico e sociale, provenendo da tutto il continente europeo. Una mobilità che ha continuato a marcare la vita accademica, in particolare di Padova, la cui comunità studentesca si è da sempre arricchita di un’ampia componente proveniente dall’esterno della città: dall’impero tedesco alla Francia, dalla Polonia alla Grecia, ma anche dall’Italia meridionale. I dati utilizzati nel volume provengono da un database che raccoglie più di 70 000 laureati a Padova, costruito per l’ottocentenario dell’Università e realizzato anche grazie al lavoro di molti studenti, che vi hanno dedicato il loro impegno e le loro energie

Performance and Operation of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter

The operation and general performance of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter using cosmic-ray muons are described. These muons were recorded after the closure of the CMS detector in late 2008. The calorimeter is made of lead tungstate crystals and the overall status of the 75848 channels corresponding to the barrel and endcap detectors is reported. The stability of crucial operational parameters, such as high voltage, temperature and electronic noise, is summarised and the performance of the light monitoring system is presented

Influence of Antisynthetase Antibodies Specificities on Antisynthetase Syndrome Clinical Spectrum TimeCourse

Introduction: Increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality is observed in inflammatory joint diseases (IJDs) such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis. However, the management of CV disease in these conditions is far from being well established.Areas covered: This review summarizes the main epidemiologic, pathophysiological, and clinical risk factors of CV disease associated with IJDs. Less common aspects on early diagnosis and risk stratification of the CV disease in these conditions are also discussed. In Europe, the most commonly used risk algorithm in patients with IJDs is the modified SCORE index based on the revised recommendations proposed by the EULAR task force in 2017.Expert opinion: Early identification of IJD patients at high risk of CV disease is essential. It should include the use of complementary noninvasive imaging techniques. A multidisciplinary approach aimed to improve heart-healthy habits, including strict control of classic CV risk factors is crucial. Adequate management of the underlying IJD is also of main importance since the reduction of disease activity decreases the risk of CV events. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may have a lesser harmful effect in IJD than in the general population, due to their anti-inflammatory effects along with other potential beneficial effects.This research was partially funded by FOREUM—Foundation for Research in Rheumatolog

COVID-19 in rheumatic diseases in Italy: first results from the Italian registry of the Italian Society for Rheumatology (CONTROL-19)

OBJECTIVES: Italy was one of the first countries significantly affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. The Italian Society for Rheumatology promptly launched a retrospective and anonymised data collection to monitor COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs), the CONTROL-19 surveillance database, which is part of the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance. METHODS: CONTROL-19 includes patients with RMDs and proven severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) updated until May 3rd 2020. In this analysis, only molecular diagnoses were included. The data collection covered demographic data, medical history (general and RMD-related), treatments and COVID-19 related features, treatments, and outcome. In this paper, we report the first descriptive data from the CONTROL-19 registry. RESULTS: The population of the first 232 patients (36% males) consisted mainly of elderly patients (mean age 62.2 years), who used corticosteroids (51.7%), and suffered from multi-morbidity (median comorbidities 2). Rheumatoid arthritis was the most frequent disease (34.1%), followed by spondyloarthritis (26.3%), connective tissue disease (21.1%) and vasculitis (11.2%). Most cases had an active disease (69.4%). Clinical presentation of COVID-19 was typical, with systemic symptoms (fever and asthenia) and respiratory symptoms. The overall outcome was severe, with high frequencies of hospitalisation (69.8%), respiratory support oxygen (55.7%), non-invasive ventilation (20.9%) or mechanical ventilation (7.5%), and 19% of deaths. Male patients typically manifested a worse prognosis. Immunomodulatory treatments were not significantly associated with an increased risk of intensive care unit admission/mechanical ventilation/death. CONCLUSIONS: Although the report mainly includes the most severe cases, its temporal and spatial trend supports the validity of the national surveillance system. More complete data are being acquired in order to both test the hypothesis that RMD patients may have a different outcome from that of the general population and determine the safety of immunomodulatory treatments