Evaluación del espacio público para personas con movilidad reducida. Ibagué, Colombia

El entorno construido en las ciudades en desarrollo evidencia la creciente complejidad en los escenarios urbanos, como consecuencia de la ideología funcionalista en el urbanismo. Existen marcadas deficiencias de infraestructura en accesibilidad diversa, situación preocupante que tiende a deshumanizar el espacio público y reducir cada vez más las posibilidades de integración social. El análisis se enfoca en un tramo de la Carrera Quinta, principal eje vial urbano de Ibagué. Pretende evaluar las condiciones existentes de accesibilidad en términos de dimensiones, características morfológicas y usabilidad, a través de la aplicación de encuestas y visitas al área de estudio, con el fin de generar un diagnóstico primario sobre su calidad, estado, seguridad y atractivo, especialmente para personas que presentan limitaciones físicas. En esta perspectiva, se constituye en un recurso útil para estudios e intervenciones posteriores de planificación urbana con diseño inclusivo

Razonamiento moral entre estudiantes de Ingeniería en Sistemas: conflictos éticos sobre Tecnologías de la Información

This study investigated the relationship between the processes of moral reasoning (emotional and rational) and the way ethical conflicts were solved in relation to Information Technology (IT). To this end, a sample of 177 Systems Engineering students (83% men, 17% women) aged 17 to 26 years completed the 'Ethical IT Survey' and a questionnaire to measure moral reasoning. The results show differences in the scores obtained for the four categories of scenarios analyzed, placing the responses to the topics of Privacy and Property in the ethically questionable category and those of Precision and Accessibility within the unethical category. The dominant type of reasoning was emotional. Furthermore, more than half of the participants reported having engaged in unethical behavior regarding the categories of Property and Accessibility, suggesting a discrepancy between the cognitive appreciation of the ethical conflict and engaging in behaviors related to these issues. In conclusion, we suggest that the training of such students should emphasize the relevance of ethics regarding IT-related issues.El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar la posible relación entre los procesos de razonamiento moral (emocionales y racionales) y la resolución dada a los conflictos éticos en relación a las Tecnologías de la Información (TI). Para ello, se trabajó con una muestra de 177 estudiantes de Ingeniería de Sistemas (83% hombres, 17% mujeres) de entre 17 a 26 años, a quienes se les aplicó el ‘Ethical IT Survey’ y un cuestionario suplementario para medir razonamiento moral. Los resultados indican que existe diferencias en los puntajes obtenidos para las cuatro categorías de escenarios analizados, ubicando a las respuestas de los temas de Privacidad y Propiedad como éticamente cuestionables, y a los de Precisión y Accesibilidad como antiéticas. El tipo de razonamiento que prevalece es el emocional. Asimismo, más de la mitad de los participantes reportan haber cometido conductas antiéticas en lo que respecta a las categorías de Propiedad y Accesibilidad, lo que muestra una discrepancia entre la apreciación cognitiva del conflicto ético y la ejecución de conductas relacionadas con estas temáticas. Se concluye que es fundamental en la formación de los estudiantes enfatizar la importancia de la ética en los asuntos relacionados con las TI

Diversidad genética de Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.) Pouzar causante del plateado en arándano en Chile

Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in Chile is being affected by silver disease whose causative agent is Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.) Pouzar. This fungus causes a decrease in the yield of the fruit and the death of the plant. So far, this disease has not been reported in the literature attacking blueberry plants in Chile. The main objective of this research was to characterize genetically the populations of Ch. purpureum at molecular level using the ITS-RFLP markers. The results of the ITS-RFLP indicate a low level of diversity in the Chilean populations of Ch. purpureum. When analyzing the isolates collected in blueberry, two large groups were configured in the dendrogram. The first one grouped 49 isolates with the same molecular profile and in the second cluster there was a greater diversity among the isolates. On the other hand, when we analyzed Ch. purpureum isolates collected in other hosts, 12 isolates constituted a group with identical molecular profile with the 49 isolates collected from blueberry. Analysis of variance of the molecular data showed that there were no statistical differences between Ch. purpureum collected in different areas or in different hosts.El arándano en Chile está siendo afectado por la enfermedad del “plateado” cuyo agente causal es Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.) Pouzar. Este hongo produce una disminución en el rendimiento de la fruta y la muerte de la planta. Hasta ahora, esta enfermedad no se ha reportado en la literatura atacando plantas de arándano en Chile. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue caracterizar genéticamente las poblaciones de Ch. purpureum a nivel molecular utilizando los marcadores ITS-RFLP. Los resultados de los ITS-RFLP indican un bajo nivel de diversidad en las poblaciones Chilenas de Ch. purpureum. Al analizar los aislados recolectados en arándano se configuraron en el dendrograma dos grandes grupos. El primero de ellos agrupó 49 aislamientos con el mismo perfil molecular y en el segundo cluster hubo una mayor diversidad entre los aislados. Por otro lado, cuando se analizaron aislados de Ch. purpureum recolectados en otros huéspedes, 12 aislados constituyeron un grupo con idéntico perfil molecular con los 49 aislados recolectados de arándano. El análisis de varianza de los datos moleculares mostró que no había diferencias estadísticas entre Ch. purpureum recolectado en zonas diferentes o en diferentes huéspedes

Observational diagnostics of gas in protoplanetary disks

Protoplanetary disks are composed primarily of gas (99% of the mass). Nevertheless, relatively few observational constraints exist for the gas in disks. In this review, I discuss several observational diagnostics in the UV, optical, near-IR, mid-IR, and (sub)-mm wavelengths that have been employed to study the gas in the disks of young stellar objects. I concentrate in diagnostics that probe the inner 20 AU of the disk, the region where planets are expected to form. I discuss the potential and limitations of each gas tracer and present prospects for future research.Comment: Review written for the proceedings of the conference "Origin and Evolution of Planets 2008", Ascona, Switzerland, June 29 - July 4, 2008. Date manuscript: October 2008. 17 Pages, 6 graphics, 134 reference

Conceptual design of the early implementation of the NEutron Detector Array (NEDA) with AGATA

The NEutron Detector Array (NEDA) project aims at the construction of a new high-efficiency compact neutron detector array to be coupled with large (Formula presented.) -ray arrays such as AGATA. The application of NEDA ranges from its use as selective neutron multiplicity filter for fusion-evaporation reaction to a large solid angle neutron tagging device. In the present work, possible configurations for the NEDA coupled with the Neutron Wall for the early implementation with AGATA has been simulated, using Monte Carlo techniques, in order to evaluate their performance figures. The goal of this early NEDA implementation is to improve, with respect to previous instruments, efficiency and capability to select multiplicity for fusion-evaporation reaction channels in which 1, 2 or 3 neutrons are emitted. Each NEDA detector unit has the shape of a regular hexagonal prism with a volume of about 3.23l and it is filled with the EJ301 liquid scintillator, that presents good neutron- (Formula presented.) discrimination properties. The simulations have been performed using a fusion-evaporation event generator that has been validated with a set of experimental data obtained in the 58Ni + 56Fe reaction measured with the Neutron Wall detector array

Trends in the epidemiology of catheter-related bloodstream infections; towards a paradigm shift, Spain, 2007 to 2019

Altres ajuts: Departament de Salut. Generalitat de Catalunya ("Pla estratègic de recerca i innovació en salut (PERIS) 2019-2021"); Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital; Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI).Background: Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) are frequent healthcare-associated infections and an important cause of death. Aim: To analyse changes in CRBSI epidemiology observed by the Infection Control Catalan Programme (VINCat). Methods: A cohort study including all hospital-acquired CRBSI episodes diagnosed at 55 hospitals (2007-2019) in Catalonia, Spain, was prospectively conducted. CRBSI incidence rates were adjusted per 1,000patientdays. To assess the CRBSI rate trend per year, negative binomial models were used, with the number of events as the dependent variable, and the year as the main independent variable. From each model, the annual rate of CRBSI diagnosed per 1,000patientdays and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) with its 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. Results: During the study, 9,290 CRBSI episodes were diagnosed (mean annual incidence rate:0.20episodes/1,000patientdays). Patients' median age was 64.1years; 36.6% (3,403/9,290) were female. In total, 73.7% (n=6,845) of CRBSI occurred in non-intensive care unit (ICU) wards, 62.7% (n=5,822) were related to central venous catheter (CVC), 24.1% (n=2,236) to peripheral venous catheters (PVC) and 13.3% (n=1,232) to peripherally-inserted central venous catheters (PICVC). Incidence rate fell over the study period (IRR:0.94;95%CI:0.93-0.96), especially in the ICU (IRR:0.88;95%CI:0.87-0.89). As a whole, while episodes of CVC CRBSI fell significantly (IRR:0.88;95%CI:0.87-0.91), peripherally-inserted catheter CRBSI (PVC and PICVC) rose, especially in medical wards (IRR PICVC:1.08;95%CI:1.05-1.11; IRR PVC: 1.03; 95% 1.00-1.05). Conclusions: Over the study, CRBSIs associated with CVC and diagnosed in ICUs decreased while episodes in conventional wards involving peripherally-inserted catheters increased. Hospitals should implement preventive measures in conventional wards

Procediment d'higiene de mans

Higiene de mans; Mesures de prevenció; Antisèpsia de mans; InfeccionsHigiene de manos; Medidas de prevención; Antisepsia de manos; InfeccionesHand hygiene; Prevention measures; Hand antisepsis; InfectionsL’objectiu d'aquest document és fer un treball de revisió, actualització i consens de diversos documents sobre la higiene de mans en l'àmbit hospitalari i a l'atenció primària, per crear-ne un de sol que faciliti la informació i la consulta als professionals, amb la finalitat de millorar el seu compliment de la higiene de mans

Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs are present in ~4% of uninfected individuals over 70 years old and account for ~20% of COVID-19 deaths

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved.Circulating autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing high concentrations (10 ng/ml; in plasma diluted 1:10) of IFN-alpha and/or IFN-omega are found in about 10% of patients with critical COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pneumonia but not in individuals with asymptomatic infections. We detect auto-Abs neutralizing 100-fold lower, more physiological, concentrations of IFN-alpha and/or IFN-omega (100 pg/ml; in 1:10 dilutions of plasma) in 13.6% of 3595 patients with critical COVID-19, including 21% of 374 patients >80 years, and 6.5% of 522 patients with severe COVID-19. These antibodies are also detected in 18% of the 1124 deceased patients (aged 20 days to 99 years; mean: 70 years). Moreover, another 1.3% of patients with critical COVID-19 and 0.9% of the deceased patients have auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations of IFN-beta. We also show, in a sample of 34,159 uninfected individuals from the general population, that auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations of IFN-alpha and/or IFN-omega are present in 0.18% of individuals between 18 and 69 years, 1.1% between 70 and 79 years, and 3.4% >80 years. Moreover, the proportion of individuals carrying auto-Abs neutralizing lower concentrations is greater in a subsample of 10,778 uninfected individuals: 1% of individuals 80 years. By contrast, auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-beta do not become more frequent with age. Auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs predate SARS-CoV-2 infection and sharply increase in prevalence after the age of 70 years. They account for about 20% of both critical COVID-19 cases in the over 80s and total fatal COVID-19 cases.Peer reviewe

Higher COVID-19 pneumonia risk associated with anti-IFN-α than with anti-IFN-ω auto-Abs in children

We found that 19 (10.4%) of 183 unvaccinated children hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia had autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs (IFN-alpha 2 in 10 patients: IFN-alpha 2 only in three, IFN-alpha 2 plus IFN-omega in five, and IFN-alpha 2, IFN-omega plus IFN-beta in two; IFN-omega only in nine patients). Seven children (3.8%) had Abs neutralizing at least 10 ng/ml of one IFN, whereas the other 12 (6.6%) had Abs neutralizing only 100 pg/ml. The auto-Abs neutralized both unglycosylated and glycosylated IFNs. We also detected auto-Abs neutralizing 100 pg/ml IFN-alpha 2 in 4 of 2,267 uninfected children (0.2%) and auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-omega in 45 children (2%). The odds ratios (ORs) for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia were, therefore, higher for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-alpha 2 only (OR [95% CI] = 67.6 [5.7-9,196.6]) than for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-. only (OR [95% CI] = 2.6 [1.2-5.3]). ORs were also higher for auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 12.9 [4.6-35.9]) than for those neutralizing low concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 5.5 [3.1-9.6]) of IFN-omega and/or IFN-alpha 2