Improving Cross-Border Seismic Research: The Central and Eastern Europe Earthquake Research Network (CE3RN)

The complex tectonic setup of eastern Europe\u2014resulting in strong spatial variations of the local seismic hazard\u2014caused relevant institutions of neighboring countries to form a research cooperation to ease seismological research cooperations across borders. Here,we briefly introduce the original and new Central and Eastern Europe Earthquake Research Network (CE3RN) parties, with a synthesis of the common results achieved so far and an indication of possible future developments. Since the formal establishment of CE3RN, several common projects have been initiated, such as the SeismoSAT Project for the seismic data center connection over satellite and the Historical and Recent Earthquakes in Italy and Austria Project, both funded by the European Union INTERREG Italy\u2013Austria Program. The most recent 22 March 2020 earthquake near Zagreb, resulting in considerable damage in the capital of Croatia, demonstrated the importance of fast data exchange, thus facilitating reliable analysis of the earthquake. In addition, a recent breakdown of data lines in Austria demonstrated the usefulness of alternative data transmission via satellite

Procjena unosa bakra umjerenom konzumacijom vina

To estimate Cu exposure level from wine consumption and to assess possible health risk for moderate wine consumers, wine samples were collected from different wine-growing areas of Croatia. Median concentrations were 180 μg L-1, range (76 to 292) μg L-1, in commercial wines and 258 μg L-1, range (115 to 7600) μg L-1, in homemade wines (P>0.05). Maximum permitted level of 1000 μg L-1 was exceeded in three homemade wines. However, daily intake of Cu from wine (in the range from 0.02 mg d-1 to 1.52 mg d-1) estimated from Cu concentration in all wine samples is lower than the tolerable upper intake level of 5 mg d-1 proposed by the EU Scientifi c Committee on Food and does not present a risk to moderate wine consumers.Kako bi se procijenila razina izloženosti bakru prilikom konzumacije vina te utvrdili mogući zdravstveni rizici za umjerene potrošače vina, skupljeni su i ispitani uzorci vina iz različitih vinogradarskih područja Hrvatske. Koncentracije Cu bile su u rasponu od 76 μg L-1 do 292 μg L-1 (medijan 180 μg L-1) u komercijalnim vinima te od 115 μg L-1 do 7.600 μg L-1 (medijan 258 μg L-1) u vinima domaće proizvodnje (P>0,05). U tri ispitana vina domaće proizvodnje koncentracija Cu bila je iznad najviše dopuštene od 1000 μg L-1. Međutim, izračunani dnevni unos Cu u slučaju konzumacije ispitanih vina (u rasponu od 0,02 mg d-1 do 1,52 mg d-1) ne prelazi gornju granicu tolerancije unosa od 5 mg d-1 te nije zdravstveni rizik umjerenim potrošačima vina

On the wobbles of phase-velocity dispersion curves

To calculate phase-velocity dispersion curves,we introduce amethodwhich reflects both structural and dynamic effects of wave propagation and interference. Rayleigh-wave fundamentalmode surface waves from the South Atlantic Ocean earthquake of 19 August 2016, M = 7.4, observed at the AlpArray network in Europe are strongly influenced by the upper-mantle lowvelocity zone under the Cameroon Volcanic Line in Central Africa. Predicting phase-delay times affected by diffraction from this heterogeneity for each station gives phase velocities as they would be determined using the classical two-station method as well as the advanced array-beamforming method. Synthetics from these two methods are thus compared with measurements. We show how the dynamic phase velocity differs from the structural phase velocity, howthese differences evolve in space and howtwo-station and arraymeasurements are affected. In principle, arrays are affected with the same uncertainty as the two-station measurements. The dynamic effects can be several times larger than the error caused by the unknown arrival angle in case of the two-station method. The non-planarity of the waves and its relation to the arrival angle and dynamic phase-velocity deviations is discussed. Our study is complemented by extensive review of literature related to the surface wave phase-velocity measurement of the last 120 years