Perspectivas dos alunos dos oitavo e nono anos do ensino fundamental da Escola Estadual Armando Nogueira Soares em Divinópolis - MG sobre o ensino médio

This dissertation was developed within the scope of the Professional Master's degree in Management and Evaluation of Public Education (PPGP) of the Public Policies Center and Education Evaluation of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CAEd/UFJF). The management case studied discussed the concepts of youths and the perspectives of students in the eighth and ninth years of the State School Armando Nogueira Soares, in Divinópolis (MG), in relation to high school and how it can influence school learning. The high dropout rate in the final years of elementary and high school, the high failure rate and partial progression in the first year of high school and the lag of students in the same years draw attention and lead us to reflect on whether pedagogical practices meet students' expectations. Thus, the objectives for this study were: (i) to describe the youths of the State School Armando Nogueira Soares; (ii) to investigate what are the expectations of students in the eighth and ninth years of elementary school in relation to high school; and (iii) propose actions and outline strategies that allow more attractive projects and classes for students, in order to reduce failure and partial progressions. We theoretically base ourselves on authors with Pais (1990), Freire (1996, 1997, 2018), Sposito (2000, 2008), Dayrell (2003, 2007), Costa A. (2006), Carrano (2011), Franzoi (2011), Leão (2011), Sibilia (2012), Bauman (2013), Carmo e Correa (2014), Dayrell e Carrano (2014), Moreira (2014), Burgos (2015), Tomazetti e Schlickmann (2016), among others. We assume as a hypothesis that the perspectives of young people and the methods used by the pedagogical team and teachers directly influence school success or failure. If we understand the life world of our students and their expectations, we can create projects that enable more meaningful learning. For that, we used as methodology the bibliographic research, individual interview with the faculty and collective interview with the students of the eighth and ninth years. To finish our research, an Educational Action Plan was prepared that will allow for a closer relationship between the teaching staff and students, greater participation of the school community in the elaboration of the school's pedagogical projects and the collective planning of classes supervised by the specialist and direction.A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação (PPGP) do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (CAEd/UFJF). O caso de gestão estudado discutiu os conceitos de juventudes e as perspectivas dos alunos dos oitavo e nono anos da Escola Estadual Armando Nogueira Soares, em Divinópolis (MG), em relação ao ensino médio e como isso pode influenciar na aprendizagem escolar. O alto índice de evasão escolar nos anos finais do ensino fundamental e ensino médio, o alto índice de reprovações e progressões parciais no primeiro ano do ensino médio e a defasagem dos alunos dos mesmos anos chamam atenção e nos levam a refletir se as práticas pedagógicas atendem às expectativas dos alunos. Assim, os objetivos para este estudo foram: (i) descrever as juventudes da Escola Estadual Armando Nogueira Soares; (ii) investigar quais são as expectativas dos alunos dos oitavo e nono anos do ensino fundamental em relação ao ensino médio; e (iii) propor ações e traçar estratégias que possibilitem projetos e aulas mais atraentes para os discentes, com intuito de diminuir a reprovação e as progressões parciais. Embasamonos teoricamente em autores como Pais (1990), Freire (1996, 1997, 2018), Sposito (2000, 2008), Dayrell (2003, 2007), Costa A. (2006), Carrano (2011), Franzoi (2011), Leão (2011), Sibilia (2012), Bauman (2013), Carmo e Correa (2014), Dayrell e Carrano (2014), Moreira (2014), Burgos (2015), Tomazetti e Schlickmann (2016), entre outros. Assumimos como hipótese que as perspectivas das juventudes e os métodos utilizados pela equipe pedagógica e docentes influenciam diretamente no sucesso ou no fracasso escolar. Se compreendermos o mundo da vida de nossos alunos e suas expectativas, poderemos criar projetos que possibilitem um aprendizado mais significativo. Para tanto, utilizamos como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevista individual com o corpo docente e entrevista coletiva com os alunos dos oitavo e nono anos. Para finalizar a nossa pesquisa, foi elaborado um Plano de Ação Educacional que possibilitará maior aproximação entre o corpo docente e discente, maior participação da comunidade escolar na elaboração dos projetos pedagógicos da escola e o planejamento coletivo de aulas, supervisionado pela especialista e direção

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P &lt; 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Perfil epidemiológico da meningite bacteriana no Brasil: correlação entre incidência e cobertura vacinal

A meningite é uma infecção que atinge importantes estruturas responsáveis pela garantia de proteção e nutrição do sistema nervoso central (SNC), as meninges. Essa doença é ocasionada por agentes etiológicos imunopreveníveis e, assim, pode ser controlada mediante uma efetiva cobertura vacinal. Trata-se de uma análise descritiva e retrospectiva, a qual permite a inclusão de estudos experimentais e não experimentais para uma compreensão completa do fenômeno analisado. A busca na literatura ocorreu nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Web of Science, PUBMED, SciVerse Scopus (Scopus), Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (SCIELO) e na biblioteca virtual Scientific Eletronic Library Online (LILACS). Identificar o comportamento da meningite no sistema de saúde brasileiro e sua relação com o grau de cobertura vacinal. Objetiva-se incitar a promoção de políticas públicas de saúde envolvendo a vacinação de forma a mitigar os casos dessa infecção. A análise epidemiológica apresentada nos 7 estudos evidenciou a relação direta entre a cobertura vacinal e o número de casos da doença. A crise sanitária decorrente da pandemia de COVID-19 gerou um desequilíbrio sobre o sistema de saúde pública do Brasil e prejudicou sobremaneira no combate a outras doenças de notificação compulsória, mais especificamente, diminuiu a cobertura vacinal da meningite. Apesar da escassa literatura a respeito do aumento de casos decorrentes da diminuição da cobertura vacinal, ainda assim foi possível constatar que há relação entre a cobertura vacinal e o aumento da incidência de meningite no Brasil

AMAZONIA CAMTRAP: A data set of mammal, bird, and reptile species recorded with camera traps in the Amazon forest

The Amazon forest has the highest biodiversity on Earth. However, information on Amazonian vertebrate diversity is still deficient and scattered across the published, peer-reviewed, and gray literature and in unpublished raw data. Camera traps are an effective non-invasive method of surveying vertebrates, applicable to different scales of time and space. In this study, we organized and standardized camera trap records from different Amazon regions to compile the most extensive data set of inventories of mammal, bird, and reptile species ever assembled for the area. The complete data set comprises 154,123 records of 317 species (185 birds, 119 mammals, and 13 reptiles) gathered from surveys from the Amazonian portion of eight countries (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela). The most frequently recorded species per taxa were: mammals: Cuniculus paca (11,907 records); birds: Pauxi tuberosa (3713 records); and reptiles: Tupinambis teguixin (716 records). The information detailed in this data paper opens up opportunities for new ecological studies at different spatial and temporal scales, allowing for a more accurate evaluation of the effects of habitat loss, fragmentation, climate change, and other human-mediated defaunation processes in one of the most important and threatened tropical environments in the world. The data set is not copyright restricted; please cite this data paper when using its data in publications and we also request that researchers and educators inform us of how they are using these data