Untersuchung zur Sprachverständlichkeit bei Schulkindern unter Variation der tieffrequenten Nachhallzeit

Studien zum Einfluss von tieffrequentem Nachhall auf die Sprachverständlichkeit (SV) unter Anwendung von Hörversuchen sind wenige bekannt. Keine der genannten Studien bezieht Kinder als maßgebendes Auditorium in Bildungsstätten, und im Vergleich mit Erwachsenen stärker beeinflussten Gruppe, in die Hörversuche ein

Bewertung der Sprachverständlichkeit von Atemschutzmasken unter Berücksichtigung ihrer morphologisch-materiellen Eigenschaften

Besonders der Einfluss der materialwissenschaftlichen Betrachtungsebene auf die Sprachverständlichkeit von Atemschutzmasken gilt als weitestgehend unerforscht. Demnach sollen in der hier vorgestellten Forschungsarbeit ausgewählte Maskentypen in ihren morphologischen Eigenschaften der Vliesbestandteile untersucht und deren Einfluss auf die Sprachverständlichkeit geprüft werden

What is a soundscape intervention? Exploring definitions and identification criteria and a platform to gather real-world examples

Possible definitions for the concept of “soundscape intervention” and criteria that could be used to identify stages in a design-oriented framework are discussed. This is in line with the Part 4 of the ISO 12913 series on soundscape being currently developed. For some time already, the soundscape concept has attracted attention from policymakers and practitioners of the built environment, as it advocates for more engagement with local communities in design processes. This is reflected in several documents published by national and international agencies calling for consultation and participation of the public in the definition of soundscape interventions. However, this intended framework is still trying to bridge a gap with the planning and design community, possibly for the lack of conspicuous empirical evidence (i.e., case studies and success stories) showing the benefits provided by the soundscape approach, and some lack of consensus about what a “soundscape intervention” is in the first place. Therefore, an online platform will be presented that can be used for data collection of soundscape intervention examples. This relates to the preliminary stage of a project called “Catalogue of Soundscape Interventions (CSI)”, which has the long-term goal of observing frequent/recurring situations or strategies that can be collated into design toolkits and formulate design briefs that local authorities will be using to communicate with soundscape consultants

Proper Motion of H2O Masers in IRAS 20050+2720 MMS1: An AU Scale Jet Associated with An Intermediate-Mass Class 0 Source

We conducted a 4 epoch 3 month VLBA proper motion study of H$_2$O masers toward an intermediate-mass class 0 source IRAS 20050+2720 MMS1 (d=700 pc). From milli-arcsecond (mas) resolution VLBA images, we found two groups of H2O maser spots at the center of the submillimeter core of MMS1. One group consists of more than $\sim 50$ intense maser spots; the other group consisting of several weaker maser spots is located at 18 AU south-west of the intense group. Distribution of the maser spots in the intense group shows an arc-shaped structure which includes the maser spots that showed a clear velocity gradient. The spatial and velocity structures of the maser spots in the arc-shape did not significantly change through the 4 epochs. Furthermore, we found a relative proper motion between the two groups. Their projected separation increased by 1.13+/-0.11 mas over the 4 epochs along a line connecting them. The spatial and velocity structures of the intense group and the relative proper motions strongly suggest that the maser emission is associated with a protostellar jet. Comparing the observed LSR velocities with calculated radial velocities from a simple biconical jet model, we conclude that the most of the maser emission are likely to be associated with an accelerating biconical jet which has large opening angle. The large opening angle of the jet traced by the masers would support the hypothesis that poor jet collimation is an inherent property of luminous (proto)stars.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, Fig.3 was downsized significantly. accepted for publication in A&

Attribute zur gesamtheitlichen Charakterisierung der Wahrnehmung von Straßenverkehrsgeräuschen

Die Lärmwirkungsforschung beschäftigt sich bereits seit vielen Jahren mit der Belastung durch Verkehrsgeräusche und den dadurch hervorgerufenen extra-auralen Lärmwirkungen einschließlich der Lärmbelästigung. Dabei wird die Belästigung üblicherweise in den Zusammenhang zum gemittelten Schalldruckpegel (z.B. LAeq, LDEN) der unerwünschten Geräuschquelle gestellt und Dosis-Wirkungsrelationen abgeleitet. Die Wirkung wird demnach nahezu ausschließlich mit dem Grad der Belästigung beschrieben und eine differenzierte Betrachtung der verschiedenen Aspekte der Geräuschwahrnehmung erfolgt nich

Soundscape assessment : towards a validated translation of perceptual attributes in different languages

The recently published ISO/TS 12913-2:2018 standard aims to provide researchers and practitioners around the world with a reliable questionnaire for soundscape characterization. The ISO Technical Specifications report protocols and attributes grounded in the soundscape literature, but only includes an English version. The applicability and reliability of these attributes in non-English speaking regions remains an open question, as research investigating translations of soundscape attributes is limited. To address this gap, an international collaboration was initiated with soundscape researchers from all over the world. Translation into 15 different languages, obtained through focus groups and panels of experts in soundscape studies, are proposed. The main challenges and outcomes of this preliminary exercise are discussed. The long-term objective is to validate the proposed translations using standardized listening experiments in different languages and geographical regions as a way to promote a widespread use of the soundscape attributes, both in academia and practice, across locations, populations and languages

Dense gas and the nature of the outflows

We present the results of the observations of the (J,K)=(1,1) and the (J,K)=(2,2) inversion transitions of the NH3 molecule toward a large sample of 40 regions with molecular or optical outflows, using the 37 m radio telescope of the Haystack Observatory. We detected NH3 emission in 27 of the observed regions, which we mapped in 25 of them. Additionally, we searched for the 6{16}-5{23} H2O maser line toward six regions, detecting H2O maser emission in two of them, HH265 and AFGL 5173. We estimate the physical parameters of the regions mapped in NH3 and analyze for each particular region the distribution of high density gas and its relationship with the presence of young stellar objects. From the global analysis of our data we find that in general the highest values of the line width are obtained for the regions with the highest values of mass and kinetic temperature. We also found a correlation between the nonthermal line width and the bolometric luminosity of the sources, and between the mass of the core and the bolometric luminosity. We confirm with a larger sample of regions the conclusion of Anglada et al. (1997) that the NH3 line emission is more intense toward molecular outflow sources than toward sources with optical outflow, suggesting a possible evolutionary scheme in which young stellar objects associated with molecular outflows progressively lose their neighboring high-density gas, weakening both the NH3 emission and the molecular outflow in the process, and making optical jets more easily detectable as the total amount of gas decreases.Comment: 27 pages, 37 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Abstract is abridge

Data Descriptor : Collocated observations of cloud condensation nuclei, particle size distributions, and chemical composition

Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentrations alongside with submicrometer particle number size distributions and particle chemical composition have been measured at atmospheric observatories of the Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research InfraStructure (ACTRIS) as well as other international sites over multiple years. Here, harmonized data records from 11 observatories are summarized, spanning 98,677 instrument hours for CCN data, 157,880 for particle number size distributions, and 70,817 for chemical composition data. The observatories represent nine different environments, e.g., Arctic, Atlantic, Pacific and Mediterranean maritime, boreal forest, or high alpine atmospheric conditions. This is a unique collection of aerosol particle properties most relevant for studying aerosol-cloud interactions which constitute the largest uncertainty in anthropogenic radiative forcing of the climate. The dataset is appropriate for comprehensive aerosol characterization (e.g., closure studies of CCN), model-measurement intercomparison and satellite retrieval method evaluation, among others. Data have been acquired and processed following international recommendations for quality assurance and have undergone multiple stages of quality assessment.Peer reviewe

Gerätebezogene Rundfunkgebührenpflicht und Medienkonvergenz | Rundfunkgebührenpflicht für Internet-PC und Rechtsnatur der Rundfunkgebühr

André Fiebig untersucht die ebenso aktuelle wie brisante Frage nach der Rundfunkgebührenpflicht für Internet-PC, Handys und andere Geräte. Hierzu geht er der Frage nach, warum die Abgabe überhaupt an Empfangsgeräte anknüpft und arbeitet heraus, dass deren Beantwortung untrennbar mit der bislang ungeklärten Rechtsnatur der Abgabe zusammenhängt. Im ersten Hauptteil der Arbeit wird diese grundsätzliche Vorfrage einer Klärung zugeführt. Hiernach sei die Rundfunkgebühr in ihrer gegenwärtigen Gestalt rechtlich nicht mehr zu erklären und in hohem Maße verfassungsrechtlich bedenklich.Sodann wendet sich der Autor den aus der Medienkonvergenz resultierenden Problemkreisen zu und gelangt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die zum 1.1.2007 eingeführte Gebührenpflicht für "neuartige" Geräte weder mit Blick auf den gewählten Regulierungsansatz noch in Detailfragen überzeugen kann. Letztlich werde ein Scheinproblem in verfassungsrechtlich nicht haltbarer Weise gelöst. Tatsächlich erzwinge die Medienkonvergenz die Aufgabe gerätebezogener Gebühren