Leaf sugar metabolomic profiling reveals differences between Coffea arabica cultivars in two locations of Cerrado Mineiro (Brazil)

29th Conference of Association for the Science and Information on Coffee, 11 Sept. - 14 Sept. 2023 Hanoi, Vietnaminfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Anatomia comparada de Clethra scabra Pers. (Clethraceae) em diferentes altitudes na Serra da Mantiqueira, Minas Gerais, Brasil

To verify the influence of altitude on the anatomical structure of leaves and the secondary xylem of branches of individuals of the species Clethra scabra Pers. (Clethraceae) occurring in the Serra da Mantiqueira, state of Minas Gerais, samples were collected at altitudes of 1500, 1700, 1900 and 2100 m (meters). The collected leaves and branches were fixed and prepared following usual plant microtechnical procedures. Quantitative anatomical analyzes were performed using image analysis software. The leaves of C. scabra are hypoestomatic with triseriate epidermis and stellate trichomes, dorsiventral mesophyll, palisade parenchyma with one to two cell layers and the spongeous parenchyma with four. The central rib with developed xylem and the vascular bundle involved by the sclerenchyma sheath. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scott-Knott test demonstrated that the thickness of the leaf blade, mesophyll and palisade parenchyma did not present statistically significant differences between the evaluated altitudes. The secondary xylem showed a decrease in the length of the vessel elements with increasing altitude at the 2100 m elevation and the tangential diameter of the vessel elements increased at the two lowest altitudes and then reduced. The Carlquist and the mesomorphic vulnerability indices decreased along the altitudinal gradient. Fiber length and diameter decreased with increasing altitude. Thus, altitude influences the anatomical changes presented by leaves and branches of C. scabra, which can be related to its phenotypic plasticity in response to different environmental conditions.Para verificar a influência da altitude na estrutura anatômica de folhas e do xilema secundário de galhos de indivíduos da espécie Clethra scabra Pers. (Clethraceae) ocorrentes na Serra da Mantiqueira, estado de Minas Gerais, realizaram-se coletas de amostras nas cotas altitudinais de 1500, 1700, 1900 e 2100 m (metros). As folhas e galhos coletados foram fixados e preparados seguindo procedimentos usuais de microtécnica vegetal. Procederam-se análises anatômicas quantitativas utilizando software de análise de imagem. As folhas de C. scabra são hipoestomáticas com epiderme trisseriada e tricomas estrelados, mesofilo dorsiventral, parênquima paliçádico com uma a duas camadas celulares e o parênquima esponjoso com quatro. A nervura central com xilema desenvolvido e o feixe vascular envolvido pela bainha esclerenquimática. Análises de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Scott-Knott demonstraram que as espessuras do limbo foliar, mesofilo e parênquima paliçádico não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas entre as altitudes avaliadas. O xilema secundário apresentou diminuição no comprimento dos elementos de vaso com o aumento da altitude na cota de 2100 m e o diâmetro tangencial dos elementos de vaso aumentaram nas duas menores altitudes e depois reduziram. Índices de vulnerabilidade de Carlquist e de mesomorfia diminuíram ao longo do gradiente altitudinal. Comprimento e diâmetro das fibras diminuíram com elevação da altitude. Assim, a altitude influencia nas modificações anatômicas apresentadas por folhas e galhos de C. scabra, que podem ser relacionadas a sua plasticidade fenotípica em resposta às diferentes condições ambientais

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements