Reduction of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) luxation in a horse - case report

ABSTRACT Luxation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in horses, despite being an uncommon condition, is often associated with local trauma involving the head. Its clinical importance is mainly related to the painful injury and impairment of the multiple movements involved in chewing and breaking foods. The objective of the current work is to describe the manual reduction technique of TMJ dislocation in a 6-year-old Mangalarga Marchador stallion with a history of inability to close the oral cavity and lateral displacement of the mandible. In the radiographic and ultrasonographic evaluation of the region a rostral displacement of the mandibular condyle was observed. Manual reduction was effective with the patient under dissociative anesthesia, progressing to medical discharge within 12 days

Potts model with q=3 and 4 states on directed Small-World network

Monte Carlo simulations are performed to study the two-dimensional Potts models with q=3 and 4 states on directed Small-World network. The disordered system is simulated applying the Heat bath Monte Carlo update algorithm. A first-order and second-order phase transition is found for q=3 depending on the rewiring probability $p$, but for q=4 the system presents only a first-order phase transition for any value $p$ . This critical behavior is different from the Potts model on a square lattice, where the second-order phase transition is present for $q\le4$ and a first-order phase transition is present for q>4.Comment: 5 pages, 8 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1001.184

Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

BACKGROUND: Assessments of age-specific mortality and life expectancy have been done by the UN Population Division, Department of Economics and Social Affairs (UNPOP), the United States Census Bureau, WHO, and as part of previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Previous iterations of the GBD used population estimates from UNPOP, which were not derived in a way that was internally consistent with the estimates of the numbers of deaths in the GBD. The present iteration of the GBD, GBD 2017, improves on previous assessments and provides timely estimates of the mortality experience of populations globally. METHODS: The GBD uses all available data to produce estimates of mortality rates between 1950 and 2017 for 23 age groups, both sexes, and 918 locations, including 195 countries and territories and subnational locations for 16 countries. Data used include vital registration systems, sample registration systems, household surveys (complete birth histories, summary birth histories, sibling histories), censuses (summary birth histories, household deaths), and Demographic Surveillance Sites. In total, this analysis used 8259 data sources. Estimates of the probability of death between birth and the age of 5 years and between ages 15 and 60 years are generated and then input into a model life table system to produce complete life tables for all locations and years. Fatal discontinuities and mortality due to HIV/AIDS are analysed separately and then incorporated into the estimation. We analyse the relationship between age-specific mortality and development status using the Socio-demographic Index, a composite measure based on fertility under the age of 25 years, education, and income. There are four main methodological improvements in GBD 2017 compared with GBD 2016: 622 additional data sources have been incorporated; new estimates of population, generated by the GBD study, are used; statistical methods used in different components of the analysis have been further standardised and improved; and the analysis has been extended backwards in time by two decades to start in 1950. FINDINGS: Globally, 18·7% (95% uncertainty interval 18·4–19·0) of deaths were registered in 1950 and that proportion has been steadily increasing since, with 58·8% (58·2–59·3) of all deaths being registered in 2015. At the global level, between 1950 and 2017, life expectancy increased from 48·1 years (46·5–49·6) to 70·5 years (70·1–70·8) for men and from 52·9 years (51·7–54·0) to 75·6 years (75·3–75·9) for women. Despite this overall progress, there remains substantial variation in life expectancy at birth in 2017, which ranges from 49·1 years (46·5–51·7) for men in the Central African Republic to 87·6 years (86·9–88·1) among women in Singapore. The greatest progress across age groups was for children younger than 5 years; under-5 mortality dropped from 216·0 deaths (196·3–238·1) per 1000 livebirths in 1950 to 38·9 deaths (35·6–42·83) per 1000 livebirths in 2017, with huge reductions across countries. Nevertheless, there were still 5·4 million (5·2–5·6) deaths among children younger than 5 years in the world in 2017. Progress has been less pronounced and more variable for adults, especially for adult males, who had stagnant or increasing mortality rates in several countries. The gap between male and female life expectancy between 1950 and 2017, while relatively stable at the global level, shows distinctive patterns across super-regions and has consistently been the largest in central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia, and smallest in south Asia. Performance was also variable across countries and time in observed mortality rates compared with those expected on the basis of development. INTERPRETATION: This analysis of age-sex-specific mortality shows that there are remarkably complex patterns in population mortality across countries. The findings of this study highlight global successes, such as the large decline in under-5 mortality, which reflects significant local, national, and global commitment and investment over several decades. However, they also bring attention to mortality patterns that are a cause for concern, particularly among adult men and, to a lesser extent, women, whose mortality rates have stagnated in many countries over the time period of this study, and in some cases are increasing

Métodos de extração e concentrações no efeito inseticida de Ruta graveolens L., Artemisia verlotorum Lamotte e Petiveria alliacea L. a Diabrotica speciosa Germar

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o melhor método de extração e concentração para Ruta graveolens L. (Rutaceae), Artemisia verlotorum Lamotte (Asteraceae) e Petiveria alliacea L. (Phytolaccaceae) quanto ao efeito inseticida a Diabrotica speciosa Germar (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Os extratos que utilizaram óleo de soja comercial, pelo menos como um dos solventes, apresentaram maior mortalidade de D. speciosa em suas testemunhas (solvente = óleo), nas três plantas estudadas, em relação às suas concentrações. O extrato aquoso de R. graveolens, a 5% de concentração, apresentou maior mortalidade corrigida de D. speciosa (32,5%) que os extratos de A. verlotorum em água (10% de concentração) (20,3%) e P. alliacea em álcool etílico (2% de concentração) (12,5%). O método de extração com água é simples, sendo passível de utilização por pequenos agricultores. A R. graveolens é planta facilmente cultivada, sendo, portanto, boa alternativa de controle dessa praga

Is Kaniadakis κ-generalized statistical mechanics general?

In this Letter we introduce some field-theoretic approach for computing the critical properties of systems undergoing continuous phase transitions governed by the κ-generalized statistics, namely κ-generalized statistical field theory. In particular, we show, by computations through analytic and simulation results, that the κ-generalized Ising-like systems are not capable of describing the nonconventional critical properties of real imperfect crystals, e.g. of manganites, as some alternative generalized theory is, namely nonextensive statistical field theory, as shown recently in literature. Although κ-Ising-like systems do not depend on κ, we show that a few distinct systems do. Thus the κ-generalized statistical field theory is not general, i.e. it fails to generalize Ising-like systems for describing the critical behavior of imperfect crystals, and must be discarded as one generalizing statistical mechanics. For the latter systems we present the physical interpretation of the theory by furnishing the general physical interpretation of the deformation κ-parameter

Nutrientes afetando as mudas de alecrim-pimenta (Lippia sidoides Cham.) e seus artrópodes

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da omissão de nutrientes nas mudas de Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) e seu possível efeito sobre os seus artrópodes, sendo os tratamentos: 1) testemunha; 2) completo 1 adubado com N, P, K, S, B, Cu, e Zn + calagem (C1); 3) completo 2: C1 sem calagem + Ca e Mg como sulfato (C2); 4) C1 sem calagem; 5) C1 sem N; 6) C1 sem P; 7) C1 sem K; 8) C1 sem S; 9) C1 sem B; 10) C1 sem Cu; 11) C1 sem Zn; 12) C2 sem Ca e 13) C2 sem Mg. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. O Tetranychus sp. (Acari: Tetranychidae) atacou mais os tratamentos 3, 6, 9 e 13 e os maiores danos nos tratamentos 6 e 13. A maior população de Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) foi encontrada nos tratamentos 5, 6, 7, 8, 11 e 13, colonizando preferencialmente o tratamento 4. O Phenacoccus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) foi encontrado em maior número nos tratamentos 4 e 9 e Insignorthezia insignis (Browne) (Hemiptera: Ortheziidae) em 13. Foram mais notados adultos de Bemisa tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) nos tratamentos 5, 7, 8 e 13 e ninfas nos três últimos tratamentos. Em geral, os tratamentos 1, 5 e 10 são os menos atacados por artrópodes. Dirigir a pulverização, quando necessário, sempre para a face inferior da folha

Reciclagem de Precipitação na Bacia Amazônica: O Papel do Transporte de Umidade e da Evapotranspiração da Superfície

The objective of this study is to evaluate the distribution of water budget components and precipitation recycling in the Amazon basin addressing the physical mechanisms involved in the recycling process. In general, the Amazon basin acts as a sink for atmospheric moisture, receiving water vapor transported from the ocean and from precipitation recycled from evapotranspiration by the forest. At the regional scale, the Amazon basin is an important source of water vapor, contributing to precipitation in other remote locations of South America. Here we show, on average, 20% of precipitation in the Amazon basin is recycled, varying between 15% in the northern portion and 40% in the southern portion. Thus, approximately 20% of the total rainfall in the basin is derived from local evapotranspiration processes indicating that the local contribution to the total precipitation represents a significant contribution to the regional water budget and plays an important role in the Amazon hydrological cycle. However, the variability and changes in the climate system due to both natural and anthropogenic forcings (such as the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and changes in land use and land cover – deforestation) can affect the precipitation recycling and regional hydrologic cycle. © 2017, Sociedade Brasileira de Meteorologia. All rights reserved