Aplicación del análisis estadístico para la homogeneización climatológica e hidrológica en la cuenca del río Aragón aguas arriba del pantano de Yesa (Pirineo Central)

A regional frequency analysis procedure is applied to identify a climatologically and hydrologically homogeneous catchment. A complete data sets of precipitation and discharge representing 30 meteorological stations and 8 of hydrornetric stations were used for various statistical analyses. Variability of the coeficient of variation (Cv) and the coeficient of skewness (Cs) and the mean annual recipitation (MAP) and geographical locations has been explained to identify three ciimatological homogeneous regions (CHR). Also the analysis of Cv and Cs of anual maximum of daily mean discharge were examined to identify hydrologically homogeneous catchments (HHC) and application of procedure Gumbel test of homogeneity. Based on results of both identifications a climatologically and hydrologically homogeneous catchment has been specified.Finally some remarks are presented concerning the usual statistics analysis method and some conclusions are drown for these particular example work.Se expone la aplicación del método de análisis de frecuencia regional, con el objetivo de identificar una subcuenca climática e hidrológicamente homogenea. Se han utilizado series completas de datos de precipitaciones y caudales representando 30 estaciones climáticas y 8 estaciones de aforo. La variabilidad del coeficiente de variación (Cv) del coeficiente de sesgo (Cs) de las precipitaciones medias anuales (PMA) y la localización geográfica han permitido la identificación de tres regiones climáticamente homogéneas (RCH). También se identificaron las subcuencas hidrológicamente homogéneas (ScHH), analizando los Cv y Cs de los caudales máximos de medias diarias de las estaciones de aforo y se ha aplicado el test de homogeneidad de Gumbel. A partir de ambas identificaciones se ha logrado especificar la subcuenca climática e hidrológicamente homogenea (ScCH). Por último, se formulan comentarios relativos a los resultados, destacando la utilidad del metodo de análisis estadístico en la homogeneización climática e hidrológica

African Linguistics in Central and Eastern Europe, and in the Nordic Countries

Non peer reviewe

Aplicación del análisis estadístico para la homogeneización climatológica e hidrológica en la cuenca del río Aragón aguas arriba del pantano de Yesa (Pirineo central)

Se expone la aplicación del método de análisis de frecuencia regional, con el objetivo de identificar una subcuenca climática e hidrológicamente homogénea. Se han utilizado series completas de datos de precipitaciones y caudales representando 30 estaciones climáticas y 8 estaciones de aforo. La variabilidad del coeficiente de variación (CV) y del coeficiente de sesgo (CS) de las precipitaciones medias anuales (PMA) y la localización geográfica han permitido la identificación de tres regiones climáticamente homogéneas (RCH). También se identificaron las subcuencas hidrológicamente homogéneas (SCHH), analizando los CV y CS de los caudales máximos de medias diarias de las estaciones de aforo y se ha aplicado el test de homogeneidad de gumbel. A partir de ambas identificaciones se ha logrado especificar la subcuenca climática e hidrológicamente homogénea (scch). Por ultimo, se formulan comentarios relativos a los resultados, destacando la utilidad del método de análisis estadístico en la homogeneización climática e hidrológica

Human Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Attenuates ENaC and MARCKS and Lowers Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Diabetic db/db Mice

Hypertension may develop before or after the onset of diabetes and it is known to increase the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a multi-functional protein with beneficial effects in various diseases but its role in reducing blood pressure in the diabetic kidney has not been thoroughly studied. Like blood pressure, epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) and its adaptor protein myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) are regulated by circadian rhythms. Our hypothesis is that administration of human AAT (hAAT) reduces blood pressure in hypertensive diabetic mice by attenuating membrane expression of ENaC and its association with the actin cytoskeleton. First, we show hAAT administration results in reduced blood pressure in diabetic db/db mice compared to vehicle treatment in both the inactive and active cycles. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analyses showed a reduction of ENaC and the actin cytoskeleton protein, MARCKS in the kidneys of diabetic db/db mice treated with hAAT compared to vehicle. hAAT treatment resulted in elevated amounts of extracellular vesicles present in the urine of diabetic db/db mice compared to vehicle treatment both in the inactive and active cycles. Multiple hexosylceramides, among other lipid classes increased in urinary EVs released from hAAT treated hypertensive diabetic mice compared to vehicle treated mice. Taken together, these data suggest hAAT treatment could normalize blood pressure in the diabetic kidney in a mechanism involving attenuation of renal ENaC and MARCKS protein expression and possibly ceramide metabolism to hexosylceramide in kidney cells

African Linguistics in Asia and Australia

Asian and Australian institutions with a research focus on African languages are of fairly recent vintage. Japan has a strong academic infrastructure devoted to African linguistics, based in several universities and research centres. China looks back more than 50 years of interest in teaching Swahili and other major African languages, recently broadening the scope to encompass other issues of linguistic interest. In South Korea, teaching Swahili was also the precursor of more general African linguistics, allowing for regional specializations of researchers. In Australia, academic interest emerges with the increasing presence of experts on African languages and linguistics in the country