163 research outputs found
Effects of A-elements (ASi, Ge or Sn) on the structure and electrical contact properties of TiâAâCâAg nanocomposites
Observation and Assignment of Silent and Higher Order Vibrations in the Infrared Transmission of C60 Crystals
We report the measurement of infrared transmission of large C60 single
crystals. The spectra exhibit a very rich structure with over 180 vibrational
absorptions visible in the 100 - 4000 cm-1 range. Many silent modes are
observed to have become weakly IR-active. We also observe a large number of
higher order combination modes. The temperature (77K - 300K) and pressure (0 -
25KBar) dependencies of these modes were measured and are presented. Careful
analysis of the IR spectra in conjunction with Raman scattering data showing
second order modes and neutron scattering data, allow the selection of the 46
vibrational modes C60. We are able to fit *all* of the first and second order
data seen in the present IR spectra and the previously published Raman data
(~300 lines total), using these 46 modes and their group theory allowed second
order combinations.Comment: REVTEX v3.0 in LaTeX. 12 pages. 8 Figures by request. c60lon
Fish Spawning Aggregations: Where Well-Placed Management Actions Can Yield Big Benefits for Fisheries and Conservation
Marine ecosystem management has traditionally been divided between fisheries management and biodiversity conservation approaches, and the merging of these disparate agendas has proven difficult. Here, we offer a pathway that can unite fishers, scientists, resource managers and conservationists towards a single vision for some areas of the ocean where small investments in management can offer disproportionately large benefits to fisheries and biodiversity conservation. Specifically, we provide a series of evidenced-based arguments that support an urgent need to recognize fish spawning aggregations (FSAs) as a focal point for fisheries management and conservation on a global scale, with a particular emphasis placed on the protection of multispecies FSA sites. We illustrate that these sites serve as productivity hotspots - small areas of the ocean that are dictated by the interactions between physical forces and geomorphology, attract multiple species to reproduce in large numbers and support food web dynamics, ecosystem health and robust fisheries. FSAs are comparable in vulnerability, importance and magnificence to breeding aggregations of seabirds, sea turtles and whales yet they receive insufficient attention and are declining worldwide. Numerous case-studies confirm that protected aggregations do recover to benefit fisheries through increases in fish biomass, catch rates and larval recruitment at fished sites. The small size and spatio-temporal predictability of FSAs allow monitoring, assessment and enforcement to be scaled down while benefits of protection scale up to entire populations. Fishers intuitively understand the linkages between protecting FSAs and healthy fisheries and thus tend to support their protection
Estimating diagnostic uncertainty in artificial intelligence assisted pathology using conformal prediction
Unreliable predictions can occur when an artificial intelligence (AI) system is presented with data it has not been exposed to during training. We demonstrate the use of conformal prediction to detect unreliable predictions, using histopathological diagnosis and grading of prostate biopsies as example. We digitized 7788 prostate biopsies from 1192 men in the STHLM3 diagnostic study, used for training, and 3059 biopsies from 676 men used for testing. With conformal prediction, 1 in 794 (0.1%) predictions is incorrect for cancer diagnosis (compared to 14 errors [2%] without conformal prediction) while 175 (22%) of the predictions are flagged as unreliable when the AI-system is presented with new data from the same lab and scanner that it was trained on. Conformal prediction could with small samples (N = 49 for external scanner, N = 10 for external lab and scanner, and N = 12 for external lab, scanner and pathology assessment) detect systematic differences in external data leading to worse predictive performance. The AI-system with conformal prediction commits 3 (2%) errors for cancer detection in cases of atypical prostate tissue compared to 44 (25%) without conformal prediction, while the system flags 143 (80%) unreliable predictions. We conclude that conformal prediction can increase patient safety of AI-systems.publishedVersionPeer reviewe
El narcoperiodismo de GarcĂa MĂĄrquez: uma anĂĄlise dos aspectos da narcoliteratura no livro-reportagem NotĂcia de um sequestro
Desde os anos 1970, a cobertura da mĂdia tradicional sobre o narcotrĂĄfico caracterizou-se pela superficialidade de suas narrativas cujo processo impossibilita a profundidade de anĂĄlise. PorĂ©m, alguns repĂłrteres foram bem-sucedidos ao aproximar o narcotrĂĄfico e o jornalismo literĂĄrio, rompendo com essa barreira limitante, principalmente, a partir da produção de livros-reportagem. O tema influenciou a literatura do continente (originando termos como narcoliteratura, narconarrativa e narcocultura), bem como o contexto do trĂĄfico de drogas proporcionou a produção editorial de obras de nĂŁo ficção, a partir dos final dos anos 80, atingindo o ĂĄpice nos anos 90 e 2000. Desta forma, este artigo discute o papel do livro-reportagem para a produção cultural da narcoliteratura, a partir de uma anĂĄlise de seus aspectos dentro da obra jornalĂstica NotĂcia de um sequestro (1996), de Gabriel GarcĂa MĂĄrquez. O artigo estĂĄ apoiado nos conceitos de livro-reportagem, de Edvaldo Pereira Lima e nas discussĂ”es sobre narcocultura, de Omar RincĂłn e de Diana Palaversich
Identifying water stress-response mechanisms in citrus by in silico transcriptome analysis
ARIA 2016: Care pathways implementing emerging technologies for predictive medicine in rhinitis and asthma across the life cycle
The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative commenced during a World Health Organization workshop in 1999. The initial goals were (1) to propose a new allergic rhinitis classification, (2) to promote the concept of multi-morbidity in asthma a
Fine-mapping of prostate cancer susceptibility loci in a large meta-analysis identifies candidate causal variants
Prostate cancer is a polygenic disease with a large heritable component. A number of common, low-penetrance prostate cancer risk loci have been identified through GWAS. Here we apply the Bayesian multivariate variable selection algorithm JAM to fine-map 84 prostate cancer susceptibility loci, using summary data from a large European ancestry meta-analysis. We observe evidence for multiple independent signals at 12 regions and 99 risk signals overall. Only 15 original GWAS tag SNPs remain among the catalogue of candidate variants identified; the remainder are replaced by more likely candidates. Biological annotation of our credible set of variants indicates significant enrichment within promoter and enhancer elements, and transcription factor-binding sites, including AR, ERG and FOXA1. In 40 regions at least one variant is colocalised with an eQTL in prostate cancer tissue. The refined set of candidate variants substantially increase the proportion of familial relative risk explained by these known susceptibility regions, which highlights the importance of fine-mapping studies and has implications for clinical risk profiling. © 2018 The Author(s).Prostate cancer is a polygenic disease with a large heritable component. A number of common, low-penetrance prostate cancer risk loci have been identified through GWAS. Here we apply the Bayesian multivariate variable selection algorithm JAM to fine-map 84 prostate cancer susceptibility loci, using summary data from a large European ancestry meta-analysis. We observe evidence for multiple independent signals at 12 regions and 99 risk signals overall. Only 15 original GWAS tag SNPs remain among the catalogue of candidate variants identified; the remainder are replaced by more likely candidates. Biological annotation of our credible set of variants indicates significant enrichment within promoter and enhancer elements, and transcription factor-binding sites, including AR, ERG and FOXA1. In 40 regions at least one variant is colocalised with an eQTL in prostate cancer tissue. The refined set of candidate variants substantially increase the proportion of familial relative risk explained by these known susceptibility regions, which highlights the importance of fine-mapping studies and has implications for clinical risk profiling. © 2018 The Author(s).Peer reviewe
New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE Δ4 allele
Measurement of prompt hadron production ratios in collisions at 0.9 and 7 TeV
The charged-particle production ratios , , ,
, and are measured with the LHCb detector using of collisions delivered by the LHC at TeV and
at TeV. The measurements are performed as a
function of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity . The
production ratios are compared to the predictions of several Monte Carlo
generator settings, none of which are able to describe adequately all
observables. The ratio is also considered as a function of rapidity
loss, , and is used to constrain models of
baryon transport.Comment: Incorrect entries in Table 2 corrected. No consequences for rest of
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