O profissional de Biologia e suas finanças pessoais

Orientadora : Márcia Bortolocci EspejoMonografia (especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Curso de Especialização em ControladoriaInclui referênciasResumo: O tema finanças pessoais cada vez mais ganha destaque na mídia e na vida das pessoas. Por se tratar de um curso que não apresente nenhum tipo de instrução no que tange às finanças, os formandos do curso de Biologia do ano de 2009 de uma universidade particular de Curitiba é o objetivo do presente estudo é identificar de que maneira este profissional lida com suas finanças pessoais. Para tanto foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica além de pesquisa exploratória e descritiva com aplicação de questionários aos formandos. O perfil traçado deste profissional foi de pessoas solteiras que ainda moram com os pais e não possuem filhos. Com relação às finanças, este profissional pode ser descrito como possuidor de finanças controladas, porém não possuem despesas do cotidiano e nem gastos com financiamentos de bens. A maior necessidade deste profissional foi identificada como aumento de renda e um maior controle das finanças. Para auxiliar neste controle das despesas foi desenvolvido um modelo de fluxo de caixa onde é possível que se controle todos os gastos e receitas deste profissiona

Synthesis of indolines and indoles via intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition of ynamides and conjugated enynes ; Synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles in supercritical carbon dioxide

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2005.Vita.Includes bibliographical references.A general amination strategy for the N-alkynylation of carbamates, sulfonamides, and chiral oxazolidinones and imidazolidinones is described. A variety of substituted ynamides are available by deprotonation of amide derivatives with KHMDS followed by reaction with CuI and an alkynyl halide. Ynamides react with conjugated enynes in intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition to afford substituted indolines that undergo oxidation with o-chloranil to furnish the corresponding indoles. The cycloaddition substrates are easily assembled from derivatives of 3-butynylamine by Sonogashira coupling with alkenyl halides followed by copper-catalyzed N-alkynylation with acetylenic bromides. Diynamides participate as particularly reactive 2[pi] components in the cycloaddition, providing access to indolines with carbon substituents at the C-7 position. Enynamides serve as 4[pi] components in a complementary version of the cycloaddition strategy which provides access to indoles and indolines substituted with substituents at C-4. These enyne cycloadditions take place upon heating the substrates at 110-210⁰C in toluene or 2,2,2- trifluoroethanol and in some cases can be achieved at 0⁰C to room temperature in the presence of Lewis acids such as Me₂A1C1.(cont.) We have developed a "green" strategy to effect acyl-Pictet-Spengler reactions in multiphasic scCO₂/CO₂-expanded liquid media. These cyclizations of iminium ions provide tetrahydroisoquinolines and tetrahydro-[beta]-carbolines that have valuable medicinal properties. Critical to the success of these reactions is the in situ conversion of [beta]-arylethylamine reactants to c;arbamate derivatives by reaction with carbon dioxide and dialkyl carbonates. The application of this general strategy for utilizing amines in other carbon-nitrogen bond-forming reactions in environmentally-friendly media is under investigation.by Joshua Ross Dunetz.Ph.D

Structure and Optical Properties of Silicon Layers with GaSb Nanocrystals Created by Ion-Beam Synthesis

We have studied the ion-beam synthesis of GaSb nanocrystals in Si by high-fluence “hot” implantation of Sb and Ga ions followed by thermal annealing. The Rutherford backscattering, transmission electron microscopy/ transmission electron di˙raction, Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence were used to characterize the implanted layers. It was found that the nanocrystal size increases from 5 to 60 nm in the samples annealed at 900 ±C up to 20–90 nm in those annealed at 1100 ±C. For the samples annealed at 900 ±C a broad band in the region of 0.75–1.05 eV is registered in the photoluminescence spectra. The nature of this photoluminescence band is discussed

On DABAL-Me₃ promoted formation of amides

The range and utility of DABAL-Me3 couplings of methyl esters and free carboxylic acids with primary and secondary amines under a variety of conditions (reflux, sealed tube, microwave) has been compared for a significant range of coupling partners of relevance to the preparation of amides of interest in pharmaceutical chemistry. Commercial microwave reactors promote the fastest couplings and allow the use of significantly sterically hindered amines (primary and secondary) and carboxylic acids derivatives. The influence of microwave energy on the reaction system was shown to be typically related to thermal effects (over-pressuring and superheating)

Facile, productive, and cost-effective synthesis of a novel tetrazine-based iron oxide nanoparticle for targeted image contrast agents and nanomedicines

We have developed an operationally simple, time, and cost-effective protocol to produce a novel tetrazine-based iron oxide nanoparticle using commercially available and inexpensive materials. Our protocol proceeds at room temperature and uses hexafluorophosphate azabenzotriazole tetramethyl uronium, a well-known, widely used reagent for the large-scale industrial production of important pharmaceuticals. The nanoparticles obtained have a diameter range between 16 and 21 nm and showed no toxicity against endothelial cell lines. The tetrazine moiety on the nanoparticle surface could potentially allow further attachment of specific targeting vectors by using so-called copper-free click chemistry. We therefore anticipate that our protocol can represent a significant breakthrough in the future development and commercialization of improved, tissue-specific contrast agents and drug delivery for clinical diagnosis, monitoring and therapy of diseases at an asymptomatic stage

1,1-Diacyloxy-1-phenylmethanes as versatile N-acylating agents for amines

1,1-Diacyloxy-1-phenylmethanes and 1-pivaloxy-1-acyloxy-1-phenylmethanes have been used as bench stable N-acylating reagents for primary and secondary amines and anilines under solvent-free conditions to afford their corresponding amides in good yield.</p

Phosgene-free synthesis of 1,3-diphenylurea via catalyzed reductive carbonylation of nitrobenzene

1,3-Diphenylurea (DPU) has been proposed as a synthetic intermediate for phosgene-free synthesis of methyl N-phenylcarbamate and phenyl isocyanate, which are easily obtained from the urea by reaction with methanol. Such an alternative route to synthesis of carbamates and isocyanates necessitates an improved phosgene-free synthesis of the corresponding urea. In this work, it is reported that Pd(II)-diphosphine catalyzed reductive carbonylation of nitrobenzene in acetic acid (AcOH)-methanol proceeds in high yield and selectivity as a one-step synthesis of DPU. We have found that the catalytic activity and selectivity of this process depends on solvent composition and on the bite angle of the diphosphine ligands. Under optimum reaction conditions, yields in excess of 90 molar % and near-quantitative selectivity can be achieved