Yellow Tree: A Distributed Main-memory Spatial Index Structure for Moving Objects

Mobile devices equipped with wireless technologies to communicate and positioning systems to locate objects of interest are common place today, providing the impetus to develop location-aware applications. At the heart of location-aware applications are moving objects or objects that continuously change location over time, such as cars in transportation networks or pedestrians or postal packages. Location-aware applications tend to support the tracking of very large numbers of such moving objects as well as many users that are interested in finding out about the locations of other moving objects. Such location-aware applications rely on support from database management systems to model, store, and query moving object data. The management of moving object data exposes the limitations of traditional (spatial) database management systems as well as their index structures designed to keep track of objects\u27 locations. Spatial index structures that have been designed for geographic objects in the past primarily assume data are foremost of static nature (e.g., land parcels, road networks, or airport locations), thus requiring a limited amount of index structure updates and reorganization over a period of time. While handling moving objects however, there is an incumbent need for continuous reorganization of spatial index structures to remain up to date with constantly and rapidly changing object locations. This research addresses some of the key issues surrounding the efficient database management of moving objects whose location update rate to the database system varies from 1 to 30 minutes. Furthermore, we address the design of a highly scaleable and efficient spatial index structure to support location tracking and querying of large amounts of moving objects. We explore the possible architectural and the data structure level changes that are required to handle large numbers of moving objects. We focus specifically on the index structures that are needed to process spatial range queries and object-based queries on constantly changing moving object data. We argue for the case of main memory spatial index structures that dynamically adapt to continuously changing moving object data and concurrently answer spatial range queries efficiently. A proof-of concept implementation called the yellow tree, which is a distributed main-memory index structure, and a simulated environment to generate moving objects is demonstrated. Using experiments conducted on simulated moving object data, we conclude that a distributed main-memory based spatial index structure is required to handle dynamic location updates and efficiently answer spatial range queries on moving objects. Future work on enhancing the query processing performance of yellow tree is also discussed

Existence, uniqueness and stability of random impulsive neutral partial differential equations

AbstractIn this paper, the existence, uniqueness and stability via continuous dependence of mild solution of neutral partial differential equations with random impulses are studied under sufficient condition via fixed point theory

Determination of Wear in Polymers Using Multiple Scratch Test.

Wear is an important phenomenon that occurs in all the polymer applications in one form or the other. However, important links between materials properties and wear remain illusive. Thus optimization of material properties requires proper understanding of polymer properties. Studies to date have typically lacked systematic approach to all polymers and wear test developed are specific to some polymer classes. In this thesis, different classes of polymers are selected and an attempt is made to use multiple scratch test to define wear and to create a universal test procedure that can be employed to most of the polymers. In each of the materials studied, the scratch penetration depth s reaches a constant value after certain number of scratches depending upon the polymer and its properties. Variations in test parameters like load and speed are also studied in detail to understand the behavior of polymers and under different conditions. Apart from polystyrene, all the other polymers studied under multiple scratch test reached asymptotes at different scratch numbers

Dicyclohexylbis(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)phosphonium chloride chloroform disolvate

In the title solvated phosphonium salt, C34H40P+·Cl -·2CHCl3, the two cyclohexyl and two 1-naphthylmethyl groups at the P atom are in a distorted tetrahedral arrangement [105.26 (6)-113.35 (6)°]. Both cyclohexyl rings adopt a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the naphthyl ring systems is 74.08 (3)°

A REVIEW ON MATRIX ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/INOZATION MASS SPECTROSCOPY

ABSTRACTMatrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectroscopy (MALDI-MS) is the most important technique of MS to analyze polymer systems. It isa special case of MS using specific sample preparation methods and low fluence laser desorption to create the analyte ions. This technique is basedupon an ultraviolet absorbing matrix. The matrix and the polymer are mixed at a molecular level in an appropriate solvent. The solvent helps preventaggregation of the polymer. The sample matrix mixture is placed on the sample probe tip, under vacuum conditions; the solvent is removed, leaving cocrystallizedpolymer molecules homogenously dispersed within matrix molecules. When the pulsed laser beam is tuned to the appropriate frequency,the energy is transferred to the matrix which is partially vaporized, carrying intact polymer into the vapor phase and charging the polymer chains inthe linear time of flight (TOF) analyzer. This review includes the detailed information of MALDI-MS, MALDI-TOF.Keywords: Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectroscopy, Principle, Sample preparation techniques, Matrix assisted laser desorptionionization - time of flight, Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization - mass spectrometric imaging, Applications

PolyDoms: a whole genome database for the identification of non-synonymous coding SNPs with the potential to impact disease

As knowledge of human genetic polymorphisms grows, so does the opportunity and challenge of identifying those polymorphisms that may impact the health or disease risk of an individual person. A critical need is to organize large-scale polymorphism analyses and to prioritize candidate non-synonymous coding SNPs (nsSNPs) that should be tested in experimental and epidemiological studies to establish their context-specific impacts on protein function. In addition, with emerging high-resolution clinical genetics testing, new polymorphisms must be analyzed in the context of all available protein feature knowledge including other known mutations and polymorphisms. To approach this, we developed PolyDoms () as a database to integrate the results of multiple algorithmic procedures and functional criteria applied to the entire Entrez dbSNP dataset. In addition to predicting structural and functional impacts of all nsSNPs, filtering functions enable group-based identification of potentially harmful nsSNPs among multiple genes associated with specific diseases, anatomies, mammalian phenotypes, gene ontologies, pathways or protein domains. PolyDoms, thus, provides a means to derive a list of candidate SNPs to be evaluated in experimental or epidemiological studies for impact on protein functions and disease risk associations. PolyDoms will continue to be curated to improve its usefulness

Attractor and self-similar group of generalized fuzzy contraction mapping in fuzzy metric space

In this paper, we construct a deterministic fractal in fuzzy metric space using generalized fuzzy contraction mapping and its fixed-point theorem in hyperspace of non-empty compact sets. Moreover, we present the self-similar group of -contraction in fuzzy metric space and prove some familiar results of self-similar group for fuzzy metric space

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF A SCRAM JET USING DNS METHOD

Heat Transfer is the science that predicts the energy transfer across the materials as result of the temperature difference. It is well known that there are three fundamental modes of heat transfer namely Conduction, Convection and Radiation. It has become exceedingly important for an engineer to possess a clear understanding of the principles of heat transfer and its applications to a large number of problems. Engineers are constantly confronted with the need to maximize or minimize the heat transfer rates and to maintain the integrity of materials under conditions of extreme temperatures. In order to determine the temperature distribution across the walls of combustion chambers and nozzles that possess hot gases, heat transfer coefficient is an important parameter to be evaluated in heat transfer analysis as the heat transfer in the engine components takes place mainly by convection from the hot gases to the surrounding walls.  It is necessary to combine equations of motion with those of heat conduction. Therefore the need for fluid flow analysis becomes evident while solving heat transfer problems, especially when the heat source is in the form of high temperature fluids as in the case of Propulsion systems. In recent years there has been a vast increase in interest in supersonic combustion in connection with flight propulsion. In the typical propulsion unit,   propellants enter the combustion chamber, gets ignited and escapes through the nozzle at very high speeds which are supersonic in nature. Because of these gases escaping through the nozzle the rocket receives momentum in the opposite direction according to Newton’s Third Law of Motion. The present work deals with the heat transfer analysis of the uncooled -combustion chamber. The study includes the temperature distributions across the thickness of the combustion chamber and estimation of the maximum time upto which the system can withstand the temperature under given operating conditions. A VB script code is developed to obtain the temperature distributions with respect to the time across the walls of the combustion chamber. Based on the heat transfer analysis, the maximum permissible test durations are estimated for the present uncooled combustion chamber of different materials with various configurations.. In order to increase the test duration, a cooling system is proposed for further studies

Note on Fourier Transform of Hidden Variable Fractal Interpolation

This paper investigates the Fourier transform of a hidden variable fractal interpolation function with function scaling factors, which generalizes the Fourier transform of hidden variable fractal interpolation function with constant scaling factors. Furthermore, the Fourier transform of quadratic hidden variable fractal interpolation function with function scaling factors is also investigated. With an aim of maximizing the flexibility of hidden variable fractal interpolation function and quadratic hidden variable fractal interpolation function, a class of iterated function systems involving function scalings is chosen for the present study