Cercant els refugis de l'Orella d'ós

Durant el Període Quaternari, moltes espècies vegetals van sobreviure a les glaciacions perquè es trobaven en zones protegides de les extremes condicions climatològiques. Una d'aquestes espècies és l'Orella d'ós (Ramonda myconi ), considerada un fòssil vivent. Investigadors del CREAF han analitzat la seva variabilitat genètica per esbrinar quines zones van actuar com a possibles refugis.Durante el Período Cuaternario, muchas especies vegetales sobrevivieron a las glaciaciones porque se hallaban en zonas protegidas de las extremas condiciones climatológicas. Una de estas especies es la Oreja de oso (Ramonda myconi), considerada un fósil viviente. Investigadores del CREAF han analizado su variabilidad genética para conocer qué zonas actuaron como posibles refugios

SHP-1 negatively regulates neuronal survival by functioning as a TrkA phosphatase

Nerve growth factor (NGF) mediates the survival and differentiation of neurons by stimulating the tyrosine kinase activity of the TrkA/NGF receptor. Here, we identify SHP-1 as a phosphotyrosine phosphatase that negatively regulates TrkA. SHP-1 formed complexes with TrkA at Y490, and dephosphorylated it at Y674/675. Expression of SHP-1 in sympathetic neurons induced apoptosis and TrkA dephosphorylation. Conversely, inhibition of endogenous SHP-1 with a dominant-inhibitory mutant stimulated basal tyrosine phosphorylation of TrkA, thereby promoting NGF-independent survival and causing sustained and elevated TrkA activation in the presence of NGF. Mice lacking SHP-1 had increased numbers of sympathetic neurons during the period of naturally occurring neuronal cell death, and when cultured, these neurons survived better than wild-type neurons in the absence of NGF. These data indicate that SHP-1 can function as a TrkA phosphatase, controlling both the basal and NGF-regulated level of TrkA activity in neurons, and suggest that SHP-1 regulates neuron number during the developmental cell death period by directly regulating TrkA activity

RPTPα controls epithelial adherens junctions, linking E-cadherin engagement to c-Src-mediated phosphorylation of cortactin

Epithelial junctions are fundamental determinants of tissue organization, subject to regulation by tyrosine phosphorylation. Homophilic binding of E-cadherin activates tyrosine kinases, such as Src, that control junctional integrity. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) also contribute to cadherin-based adhesion and signaling, but little is known about their specific identity or functions at epithelial junctions. Here, we report that the receptor PTP RPTPα (human gene name PTPRA) is recruited to epithelial adherens junctions at the time of cell-cell contact, where it is in molecular proximity to E-cadherin. RPTPα is required for appropriate cadherin-dependent adhesion and for cyst architecture in three-dimensional culture. Loss of RPTPa impairs adherens junction integrity, as manifested by defective E-cadherin accumulation and peri-junctional F-actin density. These effects correlate with a role for RPTPa in cellular (c)-Src activation at sites of E-cadherin engagement. Mechanistically, RPTPα is required for appropriate tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin, a major Src substrate and a cytoskeletal actin organizer. Expression of a phosphomimetic cortactin mutant in RPTPα-depleted cells partially rescues F-actin and E-cadherin accumulation at intercellular contacts. These findings indicate that RPTPa controls cadherinmediated signaling by linking homophilic E-cadherin engagement to cortactin tyrosine phosphorylation through c-Src

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Estudi de la variabilitat genètica de diferents poblacions europees de l'espècie Taxus baccata L. (Taxaceae) amb microsatèl·lits nuclears

Estudi realitzat a partir d’una estada a la Università degli Studi di Firenze, Itàlia, durant juliol i agost del 2007. Des de un punt de vista teòric, l’estudi de l’abundància i distribució de les espècies a escala regional és un dels objectius principals de l’ecologia de poblacions i comunitats, i és imprescindible per a adoptar polítiques de conservació i de gestió de la biodiversitat. En aquest context, la persistència i abundància de les espècies a llarg termini front al canvi global depèn de la capacitat de migració i colonització (flux gènic), i de l’ existència de potencial evolutiu a les poblacions locals per a adaptar-se als canvis ambientals. Dispersió i potencial evolutiu, es troben íntimament relacionats. El coneixement bàsic sobre aquests aspectes resulta particularment important en el context biogeogràfic mediterrani, extremadament ric en espècies i subjecte històricament a canvis ambientals com a conseqüència de l’activitat humana. L’objectiu general del nostre grup de recerca és aprofundir en el coneixement de les causes de l’àrea de distribució i del grau de fragmentació de les espècies vegetals mediterrànies, així com les seves conseqüències ecològiques i evolutives. Concretament, determinar el potencial evolutiu i la presència d’adaptacions locals en funció de la distribució geogràfica i del grau de fragmentació. En el cas del teix (T.baccata) el projecte que s’està duent a terme pretén estudiar la distribució de la diversitat genètica de l’espècie i analitzar quins són els processos històrics, evolutius i ecològics que la condicionen. És amb aquest objectiu que es vol realitzar una caracterització de la seva variabilitat genètica utilitzant marcadors moleculars basats en els polimorfismes de l'ADN nuclear, anomenats microsatèl•lits nuclears

Genetic effects of chronic habitat fragmentation revisited: Strong genetic structure in a temperate tree, Taxus baccata (Taxaceae), with great dispersal capability

International audienceTree species are thought to be relatively resistant to habitat fragmentation because of their longevity and their aptitude for extensive gene flow, although recent empirical studies have reported negative genetic consequences, in particular after long-term habitat fragmentation in European temperate regions. Yet the response of each species to habitat loss may differ greatly depending on their biological attributes, in particular seed dispersal ability. In this study, we used demographic and molecular data to investigate the genetic consequences of chronic habitat fragmentation in remnant populations of Taxus baccata in the Montseny Mountains, northeast Spain. The age structure of populations revealed demographic bottlenecks and recruitment events associated with exploitation and management practices. We found a strong genetic structure, both at the landscape and within-population levels. We also detected high levels of inbreeding for a strictly outcrossing species. Chronic forest fragmentation resulting from long-term exploitation in the Montseny Mountains seems the most plausible explanation for the strong genetic structure observed. Our results support the view that, contrary to some predictions, tree species are not buffered from the adverse effects of habitat fragmentation, even in the case of species with a high dispersal potential