An Overview of Indian Spoken Language Recognition from Machine Learning Perspective

International audienceAutomatic spoken language identification (LID) is a very important research field in the era of multilingual voice-command-based human-computer interaction (HCI). A front-end LID module helps to improve the performance of many speech-based applications in the multilingual scenario. India is a populous country with diverse cultures and languages. The majority of the Indian population needs to use their respective native languages for verbal interaction with machines. Therefore, the development of efficient Indian spoken language recognition systems is useful for adapting smart technologies in every section of Indian society. The field of Indian LID has started gaining momentum in the last two decades, mainly due to the development of several standard multilingual speech corpora for the Indian languages. Even though significant research progress has already been made in this field, to the best of our knowledge, there are not many attempts to analytically review them collectively. In this work, we have conducted one of the very first attempts to present a comprehensive review of the Indian spoken language recognition research field. In-depth analysis has been presented to emphasize the unique challenges of low-resource and mutual influences for developing LID systems in the Indian contexts. Several essential aspects of the Indian LID research, such as the detailed description of the available speech corpora, the major research contributions, including the earlier attempts based on statistical modeling to the recent approaches based on different neural network architectures, and the future research trends are discussed. This review work will help assess the state of the present Indian LID research by any active researcher or any research enthusiasts from related fields

Cross-Corpora Language Recognition: A Preliminary Investigation with Indian Languages

International audienceIn this paper, we conduct one of the very first studies for cross-corpora performance evaluation in the spoken language identification (LID) problem. Cross-corpora evaluation was not explored much in LID research, especially for the Indian languages. We have selected three Indian spoken language corpora: IIITH-ILSC, LDC South Asian, and IITKGP-MLILSC. For each of the corpus, LID systems are trained on the state-of-the-art time-delay neural network (TDNN) based architecture with MFCC features. We observe that the LID performance degrades drastically for cross-corpora evaluation. For example, the system trained on the IIITH-ILSC corpus shows an average EER of 11.80% and 43.34% when evaluated with the same corpora and LDC South Asian corpora, respectively. Our preliminary analysis shows the significant differences among these corpora in terms of mismatch in the long-term average spectrum (LTAS) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Subsequently, we apply different feature level compensation methods to reduce the cross-corpora acoustic mismatch. Our results indicate that these feature normalization schemes can help to achieve promising LID performance on cross-corpora experiments

Search for Physics beyond the Standard Model in Events with Overlapping Photons and Jets

Results are reported from a search for new particles that decay into a photon and two gluons, in events with jets. Novel jet substructure techniques are developed that allow photons to be identified in an environment densely populated with hadrons. The analyzed proton-proton collision data were collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in 2016 at root s = 13 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The spectra of total transverse hadronic energy of candidate events are examined for deviations from the standard model predictions. No statistically significant excess is observed over the expected background. The first cross section limits on new physics processes resulting in such events are set. The results are interpreted as upper limits on the rate of gluino pair production, utilizing a simplified stealth supersymmetry model. The excluded gluino masses extend up to 1.7 TeV, for a neutralino mass of 200 GeV and exceed previous mass constraints set by analyses targeting events with isolated photons.Peer reviewe

Calibration of the CMS hadron calorimeters using proton-proton collision data at root s=13 TeV

Methods are presented for calibrating the hadron calorimeter system of theCMSetector at the LHC. The hadron calorimeters of the CMS experiment are sampling calorimeters of brass and scintillator, and are in the form of one central detector and two endcaps. These calorimeters cover pseudorapidities vertical bar eta vertical bar ee data. The energy scale of the outer calorimeters has been determined with test beam data and is confirmed through data with high transverse momentum jets. In this paper, we present the details of the calibration methods and accuracy.Peer reviewe

Search for a Light Charged Higgs Boson Decaying to a W Boson and a CP-Odd Higgs Boson in Final States with eμμ or μμμ in Proton-Proton Collisions at √s=13 TeV

A search for a light charged Higgs boson (H+) decaying to a W boson and a CP-odd Higgs boson (A) in final states with eμμ or μμμ is performed using data from pp collisions at √s=13  TeV, recorded by the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9  fb−1. In this search, it is assumed that the H+ boson is produced in decays of top quarks, and the A boson decays to two oppositely charged muons. The presence of signals for H+ boson masses between 100 and 160 GeV and A boson masses between 15 and 75 GeV is investigated. No evidence for the production of the H+ boson is found. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are obtained on the combined branching fraction for the decay chain, t→bH+→bW+A→bW+μ+μ−, of 1.9×10−6 to 8.6×10−6, depending on the masses of the H+ and A bosons. These are the first limits for these decay modes of the H+ and A bosons.Peer reviewe

Search for dark matter particles produced in association with a Higgs boson in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV

© 2020, The Author(s). A search for dark matter (DM) particles is performed using events with a Higgs boson candidate and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on proton- proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The search is performed in five Higgs boson decay channels: h → b b ¯ , γγ, τ+τ−, W+W−, and ZZ. The results from the individual channels are combined to maximize the sensitivity of the analysis. No significant excess over the expected standard model background is observed in any of the five channels or in their combination. Limits are set on DM production in the context of two simplified models. The results are also interpreted in terms of a spin-independent DM-nucleon scattering cross section and compared to those from direct-detection DM experiments. This is the first search for DM particles produced in association with a Higgs boson decaying to a pair of W or Z bosons, and the first statistical combination based on five Higgs boson decay channels. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].SCOAP

Implementation of 3GPP LTE QPP Interleaver for SiLago

Modern wireless communication systems have seen an increased usage of various channel coding techniques to facilitate improved throughput and latency. Interleavers form an integral part of these coding techniques and play a critical role by making the communication more robust and resilient to noise and other interference. The ever increasing need for higher throughputs and lower latencies has made designers to pursue a more parallel design approach giving rise to parallel adaptations of these encoding/decoding techniques. A bulk of the modern telecommunication occurs over Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN), commonly referred to as cellular networks. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Long Term Evolution (LTE) develops and specifies the standards that are used in cellular communication. Their current most widely used "4G" standard employs Turbo coding techniques and a Quadratic Permutation Polynomial (QPP) interleaver. Silicon Large Grain Object or SiLago is a Coarse Grain Reconfigurable Fabric facilitating a modular approach towards electronics hardware development. The concept is similar to LEGO bricks, that is to have a library of hardened blocks (similar to Lego bricks) out of which systems of various types and functionalities can be built. This thesis investigates the state-of-the-art parallel interleavers and parallel interleaving techniques available for the 3GPP LTE QPP interleavers, and implements two interleaver designs, one for Radix 2 and another for Radix 4 decoding techniques. A physical synthesis is carried out in 28nm technology and the results in terms of power and area are reported.Moderna trådlösa kommunikationssystem har sett ökad användning av olika kanaler kodningstekniker för att underlätta förbättrad genomströmning och latens. Interleavers utgör en integrerad del av dessa kodningstekniker och spelar en viktig roll genom att göra kommunikation mer robust och fjädrande för brus och andra störningar. Det ökande behovet av högre genomströmningar och lägre latenser har gjort konstruktörer att driva en mer parallell design tillvägagångssätt som ger upphov till parallella anpassningar av dessa kodningstekniker. En stor del av modern telekommunikation är via Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN), vanligen kallad mobilnät. Det Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Long Term Evolution (LTE) utvecklar och specificerar de standarder som används i mobil kommunikation. Deras nuvarande mest använda "4G" standard använder Turbo-kodning tekniker och en Quadratic Permutation Polynomial (QPP) interleaver. Silicon Large Grain Object eller SiLago är ett grovt kornkonfigurerbart tygstöd ett modulärt tillvägagångssätt för elektronikutveckling. Konceptet är liknande LEGO-tegelstenar, det är med ett library av härdade block (liknande Lego-tegelstenar), varav system av olika typer och funktioner kan byggas. Denna avhandling undersöker de toppmoderna parallella interleaversna och parallellinterfolieringen tekniker som är tillgängliga för 3GPP LTE QPP interleavers, och implementerar tvåinterleavers mönster, en för Radix 2 och en annan för Radix 4avkodningstekniker. En fysisk syntes utförs i 28nm-teknik och resultaten i kraft och area rapporteras

Implementation of 3GPP LTE QPP Interleaver for SiLago

Modern wireless communication systems have seen an increased usage of various channel coding techniques to facilitate improved throughput and latency. Interleavers form an integral part of these coding techniques and play a critical role by making the communication more robust and resilient to noise and other interference. The ever increasing need for higher throughputs and lower latencies has made designers to pursue a more parallel design approach giving rise to parallel adaptations of these encoding/decoding techniques. A bulk of the modern telecommunication occurs over Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN), commonly referred to as cellular networks. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Long Term Evolution (LTE) develops and specifies the standards that are used in cellular communication. Their current most widely used "4G" standard employs Turbo coding techniques and a Quadratic Permutation Polynomial (QPP) interleaver. Silicon Large Grain Object or SiLago is a Coarse Grain Reconfigurable Fabric facilitating a modular approach towards electronics hardware development. The concept is similar to LEGO bricks, that is to have a library of hardened blocks (similar to Lego bricks) out of which systems of various types and functionalities can be built. This thesis investigates the state-of-the-art parallel interleavers and parallel interleaving techniques available for the 3GPP LTE QPP interleavers, and implements two interleaver designs, one for Radix 2 and another for Radix 4 decoding techniques. A physical synthesis is carried out in 28nm technology and the results in terms of power and area are reported.Moderna trådlösa kommunikationssystem har sett ökad användning av olika kanaler kodningstekniker för att underlätta förbättrad genomströmning och latens. Interleavers utgör en integrerad del av dessa kodningstekniker och spelar en viktig roll genom att göra kommunikation mer robust och fjädrande för brus och andra störningar. Det ökande behovet av högre genomströmningar och lägre latenser har gjort konstruktörer att driva en mer parallell design tillvägagångssätt som ger upphov till parallella anpassningar av dessa kodningstekniker. En stor del av modern telekommunikation är via Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN), vanligen kallad mobilnät. Det Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Long Term Evolution (LTE) utvecklar och specificerar de standarder som används i mobil kommunikation. Deras nuvarande mest använda "4G" standard använder Turbo-kodning tekniker och en Quadratic Permutation Polynomial (QPP) interleaver. Silicon Large Grain Object eller SiLago är ett grovt kornkonfigurerbart tygstöd ett modulärt tillvägagångssätt för elektronikutveckling. Konceptet är liknande LEGO-tegelstenar, det är med ett library av härdade block (liknande Lego-tegelstenar), varav system av olika typer och funktioner kan byggas. Denna avhandling undersöker de toppmoderna parallella interleaversna och parallellinterfolieringen tekniker som är tillgängliga för 3GPP LTE QPP interleavers, och implementerar tvåinterleavers mönster, en för Radix 2 och en annan för Radix 4avkodningstekniker. En fysisk syntes utförs i 28nm-teknik och resultaten i kraft och area rapporteras

Implementation of 3GPP LTE QPP Interleaver for SiLago

Modern wireless communication systems have seen an increased usage of various channel coding techniques to facilitate improved throughput and latency. Interleavers form an integral part of these coding techniques and play a critical role by making the communication more robust and resilient to noise and other interference. The ever increasing need for higher throughputs and lower latencies has made designers to pursue a more parallel design approach giving rise to parallel adaptations of these encoding/decoding techniques. A bulk of the modern telecommunication occurs over Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN), commonly referred to as cellular networks. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Long Term Evolution (LTE) develops and specifies the standards that are used in cellular communication. Their current most widely used "4G" standard employs Turbo coding techniques and a Quadratic Permutation Polynomial (QPP) interleaver. Silicon Large Grain Object or SiLago is a Coarse Grain Reconfigurable Fabric facilitating a modular approach towards electronics hardware development. The concept is similar to LEGO bricks, that is to have a library of hardened blocks (similar to Lego bricks) out of which systems of various types and functionalities can be built. This thesis investigates the state-of-the-art parallel interleavers and parallel interleaving techniques available for the 3GPP LTE QPP interleavers, and implements two interleaver designs, one for Radix 2 and another for Radix 4 decoding techniques. A physical synthesis is carried out in 28nm technology and the results in terms of power and area are reported.Moderna trådlösa kommunikationssystem har sett ökad användning av olika kanaler kodningstekniker för att underlätta förbättrad genomströmning och latens. Interleavers utgör en integrerad del av dessa kodningstekniker och spelar en viktig roll genom att göra kommunikation mer robust och fjädrande för brus och andra störningar. Det ökande behovet av högre genomströmningar och lägre latenser har gjort konstruktörer att driva en mer parallell design tillvägagångssätt som ger upphov till parallella anpassningar av dessa kodningstekniker. En stor del av modern telekommunikation är via Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN), vanligen kallad mobilnät. Det Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Long Term Evolution (LTE) utvecklar och specificerar de standarder som används i mobil kommunikation. Deras nuvarande mest använda "4G" standard använder Turbo-kodning tekniker och en Quadratic Permutation Polynomial (QPP) interleaver. Silicon Large Grain Object eller SiLago är ett grovt kornkonfigurerbart tygstöd ett modulärt tillvägagångssätt för elektronikutveckling. Konceptet är liknande LEGO-tegelstenar, det är med ett library av härdade block (liknande Lego-tegelstenar), varav system av olika typer och funktioner kan byggas. Denna avhandling undersöker de toppmoderna parallella interleaversna och parallellinterfolieringen tekniker som är tillgängliga för 3GPP LTE QPP interleavers, och implementerar tvåinterleavers mönster, en för Radix 2 och en annan för Radix 4avkodningstekniker. En fysisk syntes utförs i 28nm-teknik och resultaten i kraft och area rapporteras